<s>
In	O
computer	B-General_Concept
science	I-General_Concept
,	O
inter-process	B-Operating_System
communication	I-Operating_System
or	O
interprocess	B-Operating_System
communication	I-Operating_System
(	O
IPC	O
)	O
refers	O
specifically	O
to	O
the	O
mechanisms	O
an	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
provides	O
to	O
allow	O
the	O
processes	B-Operating_System
to	O
manage	O
shared	B-Operating_System
data	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Typically	O
,	O
applications	O
can	O
use	O
IPC	O
,	O
categorized	O
as	O
clients	B-Operating_System
and	I-Operating_System
servers	I-Operating_System
,	O
where	O
the	O
client	O
requests	O
data	O
and	O
the	O
server	O
responds	O
to	O
client	O
requests	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
applications	O
are	O
both	O
clients	B-Operating_System
and	I-Operating_System
servers	I-Operating_System
,	O
as	O
commonly	O
seen	O
in	O
distributed	B-Architecture
computing	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
IPC	O
is	O
very	O
important	O
to	O
the	O
design	O
process	O
for	O
microkernels	B-Operating_System
and	O
nanokernels	O
,	O
which	O
reduce	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
functionalities	O
provided	O
by	O
the	O
kernel	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
processes	B-Operating_System
ensure	O
compatibility	O
between	O
the	O
multi-vector	O
protocols	O
upon	O
which	O
IPC	O
models	O
rely	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Different	O
approaches	O
to	O
IPC	O
have	O
been	O
tailored	O
to	O
different	O
software	B-General_Concept
requirements	I-General_Concept
,	O
such	O
as	O
performance	B-General_Concept
,	O
modularity	O
,	O
and	O
system	O
circumstances	O
such	O
as	O
network	O
bandwidth	O
and	O
latency	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Method	O
Short	O
Description	O
Provided	O
by	O
(	O
operating	B-General_Concept
systems	I-General_Concept
or	O
other	O
environments	O
)	O
File	B-Operating_System
A	O
record	O
stored	O
on	O
disk	O
,	O
or	O
a	O
record	O
synthesized	O
on	O
demand	O
by	O
a	O
file	B-Operating_System
server	O
,	O
which	O
can	O
be	O
accessed	O
by	O
multiple	O
processes	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
operating	B-General_Concept
systems	I-General_Concept
Communications	O
file	B-Operating_System
A	O
unique	O
form	O
of	O
IPC	O
in	O
the	O
late-1960s	O
that	O
most	O
closely	O
resembles	O
Plan	B-Operating_System
9	I-Operating_System
's	O
9P	B-Operating_System
protocolDartmouth	O
Time-Sharing	O
System	O
Signal	B-Operating_System
;	O
also	O
Asynchronous	B-Operating_System
System	I-Operating_System
Trap	I-Operating_System
A	O
system	O
message	O
sent	O
from	O
one	O
process	O
to	O
another	O
,	O
not	O
usually	O
used	O
to	O
transfer	O
data	O
but	O
instead	O
used	O
to	O
remotely	O
command	O
the	O
partnered	O
process	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
operating	B-General_Concept
systems	I-General_Concept
Socket	B-Protocol
Data	O
sent	O
over	O
a	O
network	O
interface	O
,	O
either	O
to	O
a	O
different	O
process	O
on	O
the	O
same	O
computer	O
or	O
to	O
another	O
computer	O
on	O
the	O
network	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Stream-oriented	O
(	O
TCP	B-Protocol
;	O
data	O
written	O
through	O
a	O
socket	B-Protocol
requires	O
formatting	O
to	O
preserve	O
message	O
boundaries	O
)	O
or	O
more	O
rarely	O
message-oriented	O
(	O
UDP	B-Protocol
,	O
SCTP	B-Protocol
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
operating	B-General_Concept
systems	I-General_Concept
Unix	B-Protocol
domain	I-Protocol
socket	I-Protocol
Similar	O
to	O
an	O
internet	B-Protocol
socket	I-Protocol
,	O
but	O
all	O
communication	O
occurs	O
within	O
the	O
kernel	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Domain	O
sockets	O
use	O
the	O
file	B-Operating_System
system	O
as	O
their	O
address	O
space	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Processes	B-Operating_System
reference	O
a	O
domain	O
socket	B-Protocol
as	O
an	O
inode	B-Application
,	O
and	O
multiple	O
processes	B-Operating_System
can	O
communicate	O
with	O
one	O
socket	B-Protocol
All	O
POSIX	O
operating	B-General_Concept
systems	I-General_Concept
and	O
Windows	O
10	O
Message	B-Operating_System
queue	I-Operating_System
A	O
data	O
stream	O
similar	O
to	O
a	O
socket	B-Protocol
,	O
but	O
which	O
usually	O
preserves	O
message	O
boundaries	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Typically	O
implemented	O
by	O
the	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
,	O
they	O
allow	O
multiple	O
processes	B-Operating_System
to	O
read	O
and	O
write	O
to	O
the	O
message	B-Operating_System
queue	I-Operating_System
without	O
being	O
directly	O
connected	O
to	O
each	O
other	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Data	O
written	O
to	O
the	O
write-end	O
of	O
the	O
pipe	O
is	O
buffered	O
by	O
the	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
until	O
it	O
is	O
read	O
from	O
the	O
read-end	O
of	O
the	O
pipe	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Two-way	O
communication	O
between	O
processes	B-Operating_System
can	O
be	O
achieved	O
by	O
using	O
two	O
pipes	O
in	O
opposite	O
"	O
directions	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
POSIX	O
systems	O
,	O
Windows	O
Named	B-Operating_System
pipe	I-Operating_System
A	O
pipe	O
that	O
is	O
treated	O
like	O
a	O
file	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Instead	O
of	O
using	O
standard	O
input	O
and	O
output	O
as	O
with	O
an	O
anonymous	B-Operating_System
pipe	I-Operating_System
,	O
processes	B-Operating_System
write	O
to	O
and	O
read	O
from	O
a	O
named	B-Operating_System
pipe	I-Operating_System
,	O
as	O
if	O
it	O
were	O
a	O
regular	O
file	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
POSIX	O
systems	O
,	O
Windows	O
,	O
AmigaOS	O
2.0	O
+	O
Shared	B-Operating_System
memory	I-Operating_System
Multiple	O
processes	B-Operating_System
are	O
given	O
access	O
to	O
the	O
same	O
block	O
of	O
memory	B-General_Concept
,	O
which	O
creates	O
a	O
shared	O
buffer	O
for	O
the	O
processes	B-Operating_System
to	O
communicate	O
with	O
each	O
other	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
POSIX	O
systems	O
,	O
Windows	O
Message	B-Architecture
passing	I-Architecture
Allows	O
multiple	O
programs	O
to	O
communicate	O
using	O
message	B-Operating_System
queues	I-Operating_System
and/or	O
non-OS	O
managed	O
channels	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Used	O
in	O
LPC	B-Operating_System
,	O
RPC	B-Operating_System
,	O
RMI	B-Operating_System
,	O
and	O
MPI	B-Application
paradigms	O
,	O
Java	B-Language
RMI	I-Language
,	O
CORBA	B-Architecture
,	O
COM	B-Application
,	O
DDS	B-Application
,	O
MSMQ	B-Application
,	O
MailSlots	B-Operating_System
,	O
QNX	B-Operating_System
,	O
others	O
Memory-mapped	B-General_Concept
file	I-General_Concept
A	O
file	B-Operating_System
mapped	O
to	O
RAM	B-Architecture
and	O
can	O
be	O
modified	O
by	O
changing	O
memory	B-General_Concept
addresses	O
directly	O
instead	O
of	O
outputting	O
to	O
a	O
stream	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
shares	O
the	O
same	O
benefits	O
as	O
a	O
standard	O
file	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
