<s>
In	O
the	O
late	O
1980s	O
the	O
concept	O
of	O
an	O
intelligent	B-General_Concept
database	I-General_Concept
was	O
put	O
forward	O
as	O
a	O
system	O
that	O
manages	O
information	O
(	O
rather	O
than	O
data	O
)	O
in	O
a	O
way	O
that	O
appears	O
natural	O
to	O
users	O
and	O
which	O
goes	O
beyond	O
simple	O
record	O
keeping	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
term	O
was	O
introduced	O
in	O
1989	O
by	O
the	O
book	O
Intelligent	B-General_Concept
Databases	I-General_Concept
by	O
Kamran	O
Parsaye	O
,	O
Mark	O
Chignell	O
,	O
Setrag	O
Khoshafian	O
and	O
Harry	O
Wong	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
concept	O
postulated	O
three	O
levels	O
of	O
intelligence	O
for	O
such	O
systems	O
:	O
high	O
level	O
tools	O
,	O
the	O
user	B-Application
interface	I-Application
and	O
the	O
database	B-General_Concept
engine	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
high	O
level	O
tools	O
manage	O
data	O
quality	O
and	O
automatically	O
discover	O
relevant	O
patterns	O
in	O
the	O
data	O
with	O
a	O
process	O
called	O
data	B-Application
mining	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
layer	O
often	O
relies	O
on	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
artificial	B-Application
intelligence	I-Application
techniques	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
user	B-Application
interface	I-Application
uses	O
hypermedia	O
in	O
a	O
form	O
that	O
uniformly	O
manages	O
text	O
,	O
images	O
and	O
numeric	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
intelligent	B-General_Concept
database	I-General_Concept
engine	O
supports	O
the	O
other	O
two	O
layers	O
,	O
often	O
merging	O
relational	B-Application
database	I-Application
techniques	O
with	O
object	B-Language
orientation	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
twenty-first	O
century	O
,	O
intelligent	B-General_Concept
databases	I-General_Concept
have	O
now	O
become	O
widespread	O
,	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
hospital	O
databases	O
can	O
now	O
call	O
up	O
patient	O
histories	O
consisting	O
of	O
charts	O
,	O
text	O
and	O
x-ray	O
images	O
just	O
with	O
a	O
few	O
mouse	O
clicks	O
,	O
and	O
many	O
corporate	O
databases	O
include	O
decision	B-Application
support	I-Application
tools	O
based	O
on	O
sales	O
pattern	O
analysis	O
.	O
</s>
