<s>
Intel	B-Architecture
vPro	I-Architecture
technology	O
is	O
an	O
umbrella	O
marketing	O
term	O
used	O
by	O
Intel	O
for	O
a	O
large	O
collection	O
of	O
computer	B-Architecture
hardware	I-Architecture
technologies	O
,	O
including	O
VT-x	O
,	O
VT-d	O
,	O
Trusted	B-Device
Execution	I-Device
Technology	I-Device
(	O
TXT	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
Intel	B-Application
Active	I-Application
Management	I-Application
Technology	I-Application
(	O
AMT	B-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
the	O
vPro	B-Architecture
brand	O
was	O
launched	O
(	O
circa	O
2007	O
)	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
identified	O
primarily	O
with	O
AMT	B-Application
,	O
thus	O
some	O
journalists	O
still	O
consider	O
AMT	B-Application
to	O
be	O
the	O
essence	O
of	O
vPro	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
Intel	B-Architecture
vPro	I-Architecture
is	O
a	O
brand	O
name	O
for	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
PC	B-Architecture
hardware	I-Architecture
features	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
PCs	O
that	O
support	O
vPro	B-Architecture
have	O
a	O
vPro-enabled	O
processor	O
,	O
a	O
vPro-enabled	O
chipset	B-Device
,	O
and	O
a	O
vPro-enabled	O
BIOS	B-Operating_System
as	O
their	O
main	O
elements	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
vPro	B-Architecture
PC	O
includes	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Multi-core	B-Architecture
,	O
multi-threaded	B-Operating_System
Xeon	O
or	O
Core	O
processors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Intel	B-Application
Active	I-Application
Management	I-Application
Technology	I-Application
(	O
Intel	B-Application
AMT	I-Application
)	O
,	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
hardware-based	O
features	O
targeted	O
at	O
businesses	O
,	O
allow	O
remote	O
access	O
to	O
the	O
PC	O
for	O
management	O
and	O
security	O
tasks	O
,	O
when	O
an	O
OS	B-General_Concept
is	O
down	O
or	O
PC	O
power	O
is	O
off	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Note	O
that	O
AMT	B-Application
is	O
not	O
the	O
same	O
as	O
Intel	B-Architecture
vPro	I-Architecture
;	O
AMT	B-Application
is	O
only	O
one	O
element	O
of	O
a	O
vPro	B-Architecture
PC	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Remote	O
configuration	O
technology	O
for	O
AMT	B-Application
,	O
with	O
certificate-based	O
security	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Remote	O
configuration	O
can	O
be	O
performed	O
on	O
"	O
bare-bones	O
"	O
systems	O
,	O
before	O
the	O
OS	B-General_Concept
and/or	O
software	O
management	B-General_Concept
agents	I-General_Concept
are	O
installed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Wired	O
and	O
wireless	B-Architecture
(	O
laptop	B-Device
)	O
network	B-Architecture
connection	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Intel	O
Trusted	B-Device
Execution	I-Device
Technology	I-Device
(	O
Intel	B-Device
TXT	I-Device
)	O
,	O
which	O
verifies	O
a	O
launch	O
environment	O
and	O
establishes	O
the	O
root	O
of	O
trust	O
,	O
which	O
in	O
turn	O
allows	O
software	O
to	O
build	O
a	O
chain	O
of	O
trust	O
for	O
virtualized	B-Architecture
environments	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
Intel	B-Device
TXT	I-Device
also	O
protects	O
secrets	O
during	O
power	O
transitions	O
for	O
both	O
orderly	O
and	O
disorderly	O
shutdowns	O
(	O
a	O
traditionally	O
vulnerable	O
period	O
for	O
security	O
credentials	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Support	O
for	O
IEEE	O
802.1X	O
,	O
Cisco	O
Self	O
Defending	O
Network	B-Architecture
(	O
SDN	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
Microsoft	O
Network	B-Architecture
Access	O
Protection	O
(	O
NAP	O
)	O
in	O
laptops	B-Device
,	O
and	O
support	O
for	O
802.1x	O
and	O
Cisco	O
SDN	O
in	O
desktop	O
PCs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Support	O
for	O
these	O
security	O
technologies	O
allows	O
Intel	B-Architecture
vPro	I-Architecture
to	O
store	O
the	O
security	O
posture	O
of	O
a	O
PC	O
so	O
that	O
the	O
network	B-Architecture
can	O
authenticate	O
the	O
system	O
before	O
the	O
OS	B-General_Concept
and	O
applications	O
load	O
,	O
and	O
before	O
the	O
PC	O
is	O
allowed	O
access	O
to	O
the	O
network	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
Intel	O
Virtualization	B-General_Concept
Technology	I-General_Concept
,	O
including	O
Intel	O
VT-x	O
for	O
CPU	O
and	O
memory	O
,	O
and	O
Intel	O
VT-d	O
for	O
I/O	B-General_Concept
,	O
to	O
support	O
virtualized	B-Architecture
environments	I-Architecture
(	O
these	O
features	O
are	O
also	O
supported	O
without	O
vPro	B-Architecture
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Intel	O
VT-x	O
accelerates	B-General_Concept
hardware	B-General_Concept
virtualization	I-General_Concept
which	O
enables	O
isolated	O
memory	O
regions	O
to	O
be	O
created	O
for	O
running	O
critical	O
applications	O
in	O
hardware	B-General_Concept
virtual	I-General_Concept
machines	I-General_Concept
in	O
order	O
to	O
enhance	O
the	O
integrity	O
of	O
the	O
running	O
application	O
and	O
the	O
confidentiality	O
of	O
sensitive	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Intel	O
VT-d	O
exposes	B-General_Concept
protected	I-General_Concept
virtual	I-General_Concept
memory	I-General_Concept
address	I-General_Concept
spaces	I-General_Concept
to	O
DMA	B-General_Concept
peripherals	O
attached	O
to	O
the	O
computer	O
via	O
DMA	B-General_Concept
buses	B-General_Concept
,	O
mitigating	O
the	O
threat	O
posed	O
by	O
malicious	O
peripherals	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Execute	B-General_Concept
disable	I-General_Concept
bit	I-General_Concept
that	O
,	O
when	O
supported	O
by	O
the	O
OS	B-General_Concept
,	O
can	O
help	O
prevent	O
some	O
types	O
of	O
buffer	O
overflow	O
attacks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
12th	O
generation	O
of	O
Intel	O
Core	O
processors	O
introduced	O
four	O
distinct	O
platforms	O
:	O
vPro	B-Architecture
Essentials	O
,	O
vPro	B-Architecture
Enterprise	O
for	O
Windows	O
,	O
vPro	B-Architecture
Enterprise	O
for	O
Chrome	O
and	O
vPro	B-Architecture
Evo	O
Design	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
difference	O
of	O
vPro	B-Architecture
Essentials	O
is	O
that	O
it	O
does	O
not	O
support	O
some	O
features	O
:	O
Out-of-band	B-Protocol
KVM	B-Application
remote	O
control	O
,	O
Wireless	B-Architecture
Intel®	O
AMT	B-Application
,	O
Fast	O
call	O
for	O
help	O
,	O
Intel®	O
Remote	O
Secure	O
Erase	O
with	O
Intel®	O
SSD	O
Pro	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Intel	O
processors	O
that	O
support	O
vPro	B-Architecture
Essentials	O
are	O
using	O
Intel	O
Standard	O
Manageability	O
(	O
a	O
subset	O
of	O
Intel	B-Application
AMT	I-Application
)	O
which	O
supports	O
out-of-band	B-Protocol
management	O
and	O
can	O
be	O
monitored	O
with	O
the	O
"	O
Access	O
Monitor	O
"	O
feature	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Intel	B-Application
AMT	I-Application
is	O
the	O
set	O
of	O
management	O
and	O
security	O
features	O
built	O
into	O
vPro	B-Architecture
PCs	O
that	O
makes	O
it	O
easier	O
for	O
a	O
sys-admin	O
to	O
monitor	O
,	O
maintain	O
,	O
secure	O
,	O
and	O
service	O
PCs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Intel	B-Application
AMT	I-Application
(	O
the	O
management	O
technology	O
)	O
is	O
sometimes	O
mistaken	O
for	O
being	O
the	O
same	O
as	O
Intel	B-Architecture
vPro	I-Architecture
(	O
the	O
PC	O
"	O
platform	O
"	O
)	O
,	O
because	O
AMT	B-Application
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
visible	O
technologies	O
of	O
an	O
Intel	O
vPro-based	O
PC	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Intel	B-Application
AMT	I-Application
includes	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Access	O
to	O
system	O
information	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
PC	O
's	O
universally	O
unique	O
identifier	O
(	O
UUID	O
)	O
,	O
hardware	B-Architecture
asset	O
information	O
,	O
persistent	O
event	O
logs	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
information	O
that	O
is	O
stored	O
in	O
dedicated	O
memory	O
(	O
not	O
on	O
the	O
hard	B-Device
drive	I-Device
)	O
where	O
it	O
is	O
accessible	O
even	O
if	O
the	O
OS	B-General_Concept
is	O
down	O
or	O
the	O
PC	O
is	O
powered	O
off	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Hardware-based	O
management	O
has	O
been	O
available	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
has	O
been	O
limited	O
to	O
auto-configuration	B-Device
(	O
of	O
computers	O
that	O
request	O
it	O
)	O
using	O
DHCP	B-Protocol
or	O
BOOTP	B-Device
for	O
dynamic	B-Protocol
IP	I-Protocol
address	I-Protocol
allocation	I-Protocol
and	O
disk-less	O
workstations	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
wake-on-LAN	B-Protocol
for	O
remotely	O
powering	O
on	O
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Starting	O
with	O
vPro	B-Architecture
with	O
AMT	B-Application
6.0	O
,	O
PCs	O
with	O
i5	O
or	O
i7	O
processors	O
and	O
embedded	O
Intel	O
graphics	O
,	O
now	O
contains	O
an	O
Intel	O
proprietary	O
embedded	O
VNC	B-Protocol
server	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
You	O
can	O
connect	O
out-of-band	B-Protocol
using	O
dedicated	O
VNC-compatible	O
viewer	O
technology	O
,	O
and	O
have	O
full	O
KVM	B-Application
(	O
keyboard	O
,	O
video	O
,	O
mouse	O
)	O
capability	O
throughout	O
the	O
power	O
cycle	O
—	O
including	O
uninterrupted	O
control	O
of	O
the	O
desktop	O
when	O
an	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
loads	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Clients	O
such	O
as	O
VNC	B-Protocol
Viewer	O
Plus	O
from	O
RealVNC	B-Language
also	O
provide	O
additional	O
functionality	O
that	O
might	O
make	O
it	O
easier	O
to	O
perform	O
(	O
and	O
watch	O
)	O
certain	O
Intel	B-Application
AMT	I-Application
operations	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
powering	O
the	O
computer	O
off	O
and	O
on	O
,	O
configuring	O
the	O
BIOS	B-Operating_System
,	O
and	O
mounting	O
a	O
remote	O
image	O
(	O
IDER	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Not	O
all	O
i5	O
&	O
i7	O
Processors	O
with	O
vPro	B-Architecture
may	O
support	O
KVM	B-Application
capability	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
depends	O
on	O
the	O
OEM	O
's	O
BIOS	B-Operating_System
settings	I-Operating_System
as	O
well	O
as	O
if	O
a	O
discrete	O
graphics	O
card	O
is	O
present	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Only	O
Intel	O
integrated	O
HD	O
graphics	O
support	O
KVM	B-Application
ability	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Intel	B-Architecture
vPro	I-Architecture
supports	O
encrypted	O
wired	O
and	O
wireless	B-Architecture
LAN	I-Architecture
wireless	B-Architecture
communication	O
for	O
all	O
remote	O
management	O
features	O
for	O
PCs	O
inside	O
the	O
corporate	O
firewall	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Intel	B-Architecture
vPro	I-Architecture
supports	O
encrypted	O
communication	O
for	O
some	O
remote	O
management	O
features	O
for	O
wired	O
and	O
wireless	B-Architecture
LAN	I-Architecture
PCs	O
outside	O
the	O
corporate	O
firewall	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Laptops	B-Device
with	O
vPro	B-Architecture
include	O
a	O
gigabit	O
network	B-Architecture
connection	O
and	O
support	O
IEEE	O
802.11	O
a/g/n	O
wireless	B-Architecture
protocols	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Intel	B-Architecture
vPro	I-Architecture
PCs	O
support	O
wireless	B-Architecture
communication	O
to	O
the	O
AMT	B-Application
features	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
wireless	B-Architecture
laptops	B-Device
on	O
battery	O
power	O
,	O
communication	O
with	O
AMT	B-Application
features	O
can	O
occur	O
when	O
the	O
system	O
is	O
awake	O
and	O
connected	O
to	O
the	O
corporate	O
network	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
communication	O
is	O
available	O
if	O
the	O
OS	B-General_Concept
is	O
down	O
or	O
management	B-General_Concept
agents	I-General_Concept
are	O
missing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AMT	B-Application
out-of-band	B-Protocol
communication	O
and	O
some	O
AMT	B-Application
features	O
are	O
available	O
for	O
wireless	B-Architecture
or	O
wired	O
laptops	B-Device
connected	O
to	O
the	O
corporate	O
network	B-Architecture
over	O
a	O
host	O
OS-based	O
virtual	B-Application
private	I-Application
network	I-Application
(	O
VPN	B-Application
)	O
when	O
laptops	B-Device
are	O
awake	O
and	O
working	O
properly	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
wireless	B-Architecture
connection	O
operates	O
at	O
two	O
levels	O
:	O
the	O
wireless	B-Architecture
network	B-Architecture
interface	O
(	O
WLAN	B-Architecture
)	O
and	O
the	O
interface	O
driver	O
executing	O
on	O
the	O
platform	O
host	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
network	B-Architecture
interface	O
manages	O
the	O
RF	O
communications	O
connection	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
If	O
the	O
user	O
turns	O
off	O
the	O
wireless	B-Architecture
transmitter/receiver	O
using	O
either	O
a	O
hardware	B-Architecture
or	O
software	O
switch	O
,	O
Intel	B-Application
AMT	I-Application
cannot	O
use	O
the	O
wireless	B-Architecture
interface	O
under	O
any	O
conditions	O
until	O
the	O
user	O
turns	O
on	O
the	O
wireless	B-Architecture
transmitter/receiver	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Intel	B-Application
AMT	I-Application
Release	O
2.5/2.6	O
can	O
send	O
and	O
receive	O
management	O
traffic	O
via	O
the	O
WLAN	B-Architecture
only	O
when	O
the	O
platform	O
is	O
in	O
the	O
S0	O
power	O
state	O
(	O
the	O
computer	O
is	O
on	O
and	O
running	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
does	O
not	O
receive	O
wireless	B-Architecture
traffic	O
when	O
the	O
host	O
is	O
asleep	O
or	O
off	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
If	O
the	O
power	O
state	O
permits	O
it	O
,	O
Intel	B-Application
AMT	I-Application
Release	O
2.5/2.6	O
can	O
continue	O
to	O
send	O
and	O
receive	O
out-of-band	B-Protocol
traffic	O
when	O
the	O
platform	O
is	O
in	O
an	O
Sx	O
state	O
,	O
but	O
only	O
via	O
a	O
wired	O
LAN	B-General_Concept
connection	O
,	O
if	O
one	O
exists	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Release	O
4.0	O
and	O
later	O
releases	O
support	O
wireless	B-Architecture
out-of-band	B-Protocol
manageability	O
in	O
Sx	O
states	O
,	O
depending	O
on	O
the	O
power	O
setting	O
and	O
other	O
configuration	O
parameters	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Release	O
7.0	O
supports	O
wireless	B-Architecture
manageability	O
on	O
desktop	O
platforms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
a	O
wireless	B-Architecture
connection	O
is	O
established	O
on	O
a	O
host	O
platform	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
a	O
wireless	B-Architecture
profile	O
that	O
sets	O
up	O
names	O
,	O
passwords	O
and	O
other	O
security	O
elements	O
used	O
to	O
authenticate	O
the	O
platform	O
to	O
the	O
wireless	B-Architecture
Access	O
Point	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
user	O
or	O
the	O
IT	O
organization	O
defines	O
one	O
or	O
more	O
profiles	O
using	O
a	O
tool	O
such	O
as	O
Intel	O
PROSet/Wireless	O
Software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
release	O
2.5/6	O
,	O
Intel	B-Application
AMT	I-Application
must	O
have	O
a	O
corresponding	O
wireless	B-Architecture
profile	O
to	O
receive	O
out-of-band	B-Protocol
traffic	O
over	O
the	O
same	O
wireless	B-Architecture
link	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
network	B-Architecture
interface	O
API	O
allows	O
defining	O
one	O
or	O
more	O
wireless	B-Architecture
profiles	O
using	O
the	O
same	O
parameters	O
as	O
the	O
Intel	O
PROSet/Wireless	O
Software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
See	O
Wireless	B-Architecture
Profile	O
Parameters	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
power-up	O
of	O
the	O
host	O
,	O
Intel	B-Application
AMT	I-Application
communicates	O
with	O
the	O
wireless	B-Architecture
LAN	I-Architecture
driver	O
on	O
the	O
host	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
the	O
driver	O
and	O
Intel	B-Application
AMT	I-Application
find	O
matching	O
profiles	O
,	O
the	O
driver	O
routes	O
traffic	O
addressed	O
to	O
the	O
Intel	B-Application
AMT	I-Application
device	O
for	O
manageability	O
processing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
certain	O
limitations	O
,	O
Intel	B-Application
AMT	I-Application
Release	O
4.0/1	O
can	O
send	O
and	O
receive	O
out-of-band	B-Protocol
traffic	O
without	O
an	O
Intel	B-Application
AMT	I-Application
configured	O
wireless	B-Architecture
profile	O
,	O
as	O
long	O
as	O
the	O
host	O
driver	O
is	O
active	O
and	O
the	O
platform	O
is	O
inside	O
the	O
enterprise	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
release	O
4.2	O
,	O
and	O
on	O
release	O
6.0	O
wireless	B-Architecture
platforms	O
,	O
the	O
WLAN	B-Architecture
is	O
enabled	O
by	O
default	O
both	O
before	O
and	O
after	O
configuration	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
That	O
means	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
possible	O
to	O
configure	O
Intel	B-Application
AMT	I-Application
over	O
the	O
WLAN	B-Architecture
,	O
as	O
long	O
as	O
the	O
host	O
WLAN	B-Architecture
driver	O
has	O
an	O
active	O
connection	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Intel	B-Application
AMT	I-Application
synchronizes	O
to	O
the	O
active	O
host	O
profile	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
assumes	O
that	O
a	O
configuration	O
server	O
configures	O
a	O
wireless	B-Architecture
profile	O
that	O
Intel	B-Application
AMT	I-Application
uses	O
in	O
power	O
states	O
other	O
than	O
S0	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
problem	O
with	O
the	O
wireless	B-Architecture
driver	O
and	O
the	O
host	O
is	O
still	O
powered	O
up	O
(	O
in	O
an	O
S0	O
power	O
state	O
only	O
)	O
,	O
Intel	B-Application
AMT	I-Application
can	O
continue	O
to	O
receive	O
out-of-band	B-Protocol
manageability	O
traffic	O
directly	O
from	O
the	O
wireless	B-Architecture
network	B-Architecture
interface	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
Intel	B-Application
AMT	I-Application
to	O
work	O
with	O
a	O
wireless	B-Architecture
LAN	I-Architecture
,	O
it	O
must	O
share	O
IP	O
addresses	O
with	O
the	O
host	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
requires	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
a	O
DHCP	B-Protocol
server	I-Protocol
to	O
allocate	O
IP	O
addresses	O
and	O
Intel	B-Application
AMT	I-Application
must	O
be	O
configured	O
to	O
use	O
DHCP	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Intel	B-Architecture
vPro	I-Architecture
PCs	O
support	O
encrypted	O
communication	O
while	O
roaming	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
vPro	B-Architecture
PCs	O
version	O
4.0	O
or	O
higher	O
support	O
security	O
for	O
mobile	O
communications	O
by	O
establishing	O
a	O
secure	O
tunnel	O
for	O
encrypted	O
AMT	B-Application
communication	O
with	O
the	O
managed	O
service	O
provider	O
when	O
roaming	O
(	O
operating	O
on	O
an	O
open	O
,	O
wired	O
LAN	B-General_Concept
outside	O
the	O
corporate	O
firewall	B-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Secure	O
communication	O
with	O
AMT	B-Application
can	O
be	O
established	O
if	O
the	O
laptop	B-Device
is	O
powered	O
down	O
or	O
the	O
OS	B-General_Concept
is	O
disabled	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
AMT	B-Application
encrypted	O
communication	O
tunnel	O
is	O
designed	O
to	O
allow	O
sys-admins	O
to	O
access	O
a	O
laptop	B-Device
or	O
desktop	O
PC	O
at	O
satellite	O
offices	O
where	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
on-site	O
proxy	B-Application
server	I-Application
or	O
management	B-Architecture
server	I-Architecture
appliance	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
Secure	O
communications	O
outside	O
the	O
corporate	O
firewall	B-Application
depend	O
on	O
adding	O
a	O
new	O
element	O
—	O
a	O
management	O
presence	O
server	O
(	O
Intel	O
calls	O
this	O
a	O
"	O
vPro-enabled	O
gateway	O
"	O
)	O
—	O
to	O
the	O
network	B-Architecture
infrastructure	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
requires	O
integration	O
with	O
network	B-Protocol
switch	I-Protocol
manufacturers	O
,	O
firewall	B-Application
vendors	O
,	O
and	O
vendors	O
who	O
design	O
management	O
consoles	O
to	O
create	O
infrastructure	O
that	O
supports	O
encrypted	O
roaming	O
communication	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
So	O
although	O
encrypted	O
roaming	O
communication	O
is	O
enabled	O
as	O
a	O
feature	O
in	O
vPro	B-Architecture
PCs	O
version	O
4.0	O
and	O
higher	O
,	O
the	O
feature	O
will	O
not	O
be	O
fully	O
usable	O
until	O
the	O
infrastructure	O
is	O
in	O
place	O
and	O
functional	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
vPro	B-Architecture
security	O
technologies	O
and	O
methodologies	O
are	O
designed	O
into	O
the	O
PC	O
's	O
chipset	B-Device
and	O
other	O
system	O
hardware	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
During	O
deployment	O
of	O
vPro	B-Architecture
PCs	O
,	O
security	O
credentials	O
,	O
keys	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
critical	O
information	O
are	O
stored	O
in	O
protected	B-General_Concept
memory	I-General_Concept
(	O
not	O
on	O
the	O
hard	B-Device
disk	I-Device
drive	I-Device
)	O
,	O
and	O
erased	O
when	O
no	O
longer	O
needed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
According	O
to	O
Intel	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
possible	O
to	O
disable	O
AMT	B-Application
through	O
the	O
BIOS	B-Operating_System
settings	I-Operating_System
,	O
however	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
apparently	O
no	O
way	O
for	O
most	O
users	O
to	O
detect	O
outside	O
access	O
to	O
their	O
PC	O
via	O
the	O
vPro	B-Architecture
hardware-based	O
technology	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
vPro	B-Architecture
features	O
,	O
including	O
AMT	B-Application
,	O
are	O
implemented	O
in	O
the	O
Intel	B-Device
Management	I-Device
Engine	I-Device
(	O
ME	O
)	O
,	O
a	O
distinct	O
processor	O
in	O
the	O
chipset	B-Device
running	O
MINIX	B-Application
3	I-Application
,	O
which	O
has	O
been	O
found	O
to	O
have	O
numerous	O
security	O
vulnerabilities	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unlike	O
for	O
AMT	B-Application
,	O
there	O
is	O
generally	O
no	O
official	O
,	O
documented	O
way	O
to	O
disable	O
the	O
Management	B-Device
Engine	I-Device
(	O
ME	O
)	O
;	O
it	O
is	O
always	O
on	O
unless	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
enabled	O
at	O
all	O
by	O
the	O
OEM	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Intel	B-Architecture
vPro	I-Architecture
supports	O
industry-standard	O
methodologies	O
and	O
protocols	B-Protocol
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
other	O
vendors	O
 '	O
security	O
features	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Intel	O
Boot	B-Operating_System
Guard	O
is	O
a	O
processor	O
feature	O
that	O
prevents	O
the	O
computer	O
from	O
running	O
firmware	B-Application
(	O
UEFI	B-Architecture
)	O
images	O
not	O
released	O
by	O
the	O
system	O
manufacturer	O
(	O
OEM	O
or	O
ODM	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
turned	O
on	O
,	O
the	O
processors	O
verifies	O
a	O
digital	O
signature	O
contained	O
in	O
the	O
firmware	B-Application
image	O
before	O
executing	O
it	O
,	O
using	O
the	O
public	B-Application
key	I-Application
of	O
the	O
keypair	B-Application
,	O
the	O
OEM/ODM	O
public	B-Application
key	I-Application
is	O
fused	O
into	O
the	O
system	O
's	O
Platform	B-Device
Controller	I-Device
Hub	I-Device
(	O
PCH	O
)	O
by	O
the	O
system	O
manufacturer	O
(	O
not	O
by	O
Intel	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
a	O
result	O
,	O
Intel	O
Boot	B-Operating_System
Guard	O
,	O
when	O
activated	O
,	O
makes	O
it	O
impossible	O
for	O
end	O
users	O
to	O
install	O
replacement	O
firmware	B-Application
(	O
such	O
as	O
Coreboot	B-Device
)	O
or	O
modded	O
BIOS	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Intel	O
Boot	B-Operating_System
Guard	O
was	O
first	O
released	O
in	O
Haswell	O
processors	O
in	O
June	O
2013	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Intel	B-Architecture
vPro	I-Architecture
uses	O
several	O
industry-standard	O
security	O
technologies	O
and	O
methodologies	O
to	O
secure	O
the	O
remote	O
vPro	B-Architecture
communication	O
channel	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
technologies	O
and	O
methodologies	O
also	O
improve	O
security	O
for	O
accessing	O
the	O
PC	O
's	O
critical	O
system	O
data	O
,	O
BIOS	B-Operating_System
settings	I-Operating_System
,	O
Intel	B-Application
AMT	I-Application
management	O
features	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
sensitive	O
features	O
or	O
data	O
;	O
and	O
protect	O
security	O
credentials	O
and	O
other	O
critical	O
information	O
during	O
deployment	O
(	O
setup	O
and	O
configuration	O
of	O
Intel	B-Application
AMT	I-Application
)	O
and	O
vPro	B-Architecture
use	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Transport	B-Protocol
layer	I-Protocol
security	I-Protocol
(	O
TLS	O
)	O
protocol	O
,	O
including	O
pre-shared	O
key	O
TLS	O
(	O
TLS-PSK	B-Protocol
)	O
to	O
secure	O
communications	O
over	O
the	O
out-of-band	B-Protocol
network	B-Architecture
interface	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
TLS	O
implementation	O
uses	O
AES	O
128-bit	O
encryption	O
and	O
RSA	B-Architecture
keys	O
with	O
modulus	O
lengths	O
of	O
2048	O
bits	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
management	O
console	O
authenticates	O
IT	O
administrators	O
who	O
manage	O
PCs	O
with	O
Intel	B-Application
AMT	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Single	O
sign-on	O
to	O
Intel	B-Application
AMT	I-Application
with	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
domain	O
authentication	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
Microsoft	B-Protocol
Active	I-Protocol
Directory	I-Protocol
and	O
Kerberos	B-Protocol
protocols	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
pseudorandom	B-Algorithm
number	I-Algorithm
generator	I-Algorithm
(	O
PRNG	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
firmware	B-Application
of	O
the	O
AMT	B-Application
PC	O
,	O
which	O
generates	O
high-quality	O
session	O
keys	O
for	O
secure	O
communication	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Only	O
digitally	O
signed	O
firmware	B-Application
images	O
(	O
signed	O
by	O
Intel	O
)	O
are	O
permitted	O
to	O
load	O
and	O
execute	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Tamper-resistant	O
and	O
access-controlled	O
storage	O
of	O
critical	O
management	O
data	O
,	O
via	O
a	O
protected	O
,	O
persistent	O
(	O
nonvolatile	O
)	O
data	B-Architecture
store	I-Architecture
(	O
a	O
memory	O
area	O
not	O
on	O
the	O
hard	B-Device
drive	I-Device
)	O
in	O
the	O
Intel	B-Application
AMT	I-Application
hardware	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
Access	O
control	O
lists	O
for	O
Intel	B-Application
AMT	I-Application
realms	O
and	O
other	O
management	O
functions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
release	O
of	O
Intel	B-Architecture
vPro	I-Architecture
was	O
built	O
with	O
an	O
Intel	B-Device
Core	I-Device
2	I-Device
Duo	O
processor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
current	O
versions	O
of	O
Intel	B-Architecture
vPro	I-Architecture
are	O
built	O
into	O
systems	O
with	O
10	B-Algorithm
nm	I-Algorithm
Intel	O
10th	O
Generation	O
Core	O
i5	O
&	O
i7	O
processors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
PCs	O
with	O
Intel	B-Architecture
vPro	I-Architecture
require	O
specific	O
chipsets	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Intel	B-Architecture
vPro	I-Architecture
releases	O
are	O
usually	O
identified	O
by	O
their	O
AMT	B-Application
version	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Laptops	B-Device
with	O
Intel	B-Architecture
vPro	I-Architecture
require	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
Intel	B-Application
AMT	I-Application
release	O
9.0	O
(	O
4th	O
Generation	O
Intel	O
Core	O
i5	O
and	O
Core	O
i7	O
)	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
Intel	B-Application
AMT	I-Application
release	O
8.0	O
(	O
3rd	O
Generation	O
Intel	O
Core	O
i5	O
and	O
Core	O
i7	O
)	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
Intel	B-Application
AMT	I-Application
release	O
4.1	O
(	O
Intel	B-Device
Centrino	I-Device
2	O
with	O
vPro	B-Architecture
technology	O
)	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
Intel	B-Application
AMT	I-Application
release	O
4.0	O
(	O
Intel	B-Device
Centrino	I-Device
2	O
with	O
vPro	B-Architecture
technology	O
)	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
Intel	B-Application
AMT	I-Application
release	O
2.5	O
and	O
2.6	O
(	O
Intel	B-Device
Centrino	I-Device
with	O
vPro	B-Architecture
technology	O
)	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Note	O
that	O
AMT	B-Application
release	O
2.5	O
for	O
wired/wireless	O
laptops	B-Device
and	O
AMT	B-Application
release	O
3.0	O
for	O
desktop	O
PCs	O
are	O
concurrent	O
releases	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Desktop	O
PCs	O
with	O
vPro	B-Architecture
(	O
called	O
"	O
Intel	B-Device
Core	I-Device
2	I-Device
with	O
vPro	B-Architecture
technology	O
"	O
)	O
require	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
AMT	B-Application
release	O
5.0	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
AMT	B-Application
release	O
3.0	O
,	O
3.1	O
,	O
and	O
3.2	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Note	O
that	O
AMT	B-Application
release	O
2.5	O
for	O
wired/wireless	O
laptops	B-Device
and	O
AMT	B-Application
release	O
3.0	O
for	O
desktop	O
PCs	O
are	O
concurrent	O
releases	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
AMT	B-Application
release	O
2.0	O
,	O
2.1	O
and	O
2.2	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
the	O
key	O
differences	O
between	O
vPro	B-Architecture
(	O
an	O
umbrella	O
marketing	O
term	O
)	O
,	O
AMT	B-Application
(	O
a	O
technology	O
under	O
the	O
vPro	B-Architecture
brand	O
)	O
,	O
Intel	O
Core	O
i5	O
and	O
Intel	O
Core	O
i7	O
(	O
a	O
branding	O
of	O
a	O
package	O
of	O
technologies	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
Core	O
i5	O
and	O
Core	O
i7	O
(	O
a	O
processor	O
)	O
are	O
as	O
follows	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Intel	B-Device
Centrino	I-Device
2	O
was	O
a	O
branding	O
of	O
a	O
package	O
of	O
technologies	O
that	O
included	O
Wi-Fi	O
and	O
,	O
originally	O
,	O
the	O
Intel	B-Device
Core	I-Device
2	I-Device
Duo	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Intel	B-Device
Centrino	I-Device
2	O
brand	O
was	O
applied	O
to	O
mobile	O
PCs	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
laptops	B-Device
and	O
other	O
small	O
devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Core	B-Device
2	I-Device
and	O
Centrino	B-Device
2	I-Device
have	O
evolved	O
to	O
use	O
Intel	O
's	O
latest	O
45-nm	O
manufacturing	O
processes	O
,	O
have	O
multi-core	B-Architecture
processing	O
,	O
and	O
are	O
designed	O
for	O
multithreading	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Intel	B-Architecture
vPro	I-Architecture
is	O
a	O
brand	O
name	O
for	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
Intel	O
technology	O
features	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
built	O
into	O
the	O
hardware	B-Architecture
of	O
the	O
laptop	B-Device
or	O
desktop	O
PC	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
PC	O
with	O
the	O
vPro	B-Architecture
brand	O
often	O
includes	O
Intel	B-Application
AMT	I-Application
,	O
Intel	O
Virtualization	B-General_Concept
Technology	I-General_Concept
(	O
Intel	O
VT	O
)	O
,	O
Intel	O
Trusted	B-Device
Execution	I-Device
Technology	I-Device
(	O
Intel	B-Device
TXT	I-Device
)	O
,	O
a	O
gigabit	O
network	B-Architecture
connection	O
,	O
and	O
so	O
on	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
may	O
be	O
a	O
PC	O
with	O
a	O
Core	B-Device
2	I-Device
processor	O
,	O
without	O
vPro	B-Architecture
features	O
built	O
in	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
vPro	B-Architecture
features	O
require	O
a	O
PC	O
with	O
at	O
least	O
a	O
Core	B-Device
2	I-Device
processor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
technologies	O
of	O
current	O
versions	O
of	O
vPro	B-Architecture
are	O
built	O
into	O
PCs	O
with	O
some	O
versions	O
of	O
Core	B-Device
2	I-Device
Duo	O
or	O
Core	B-Device
2	I-Device
Quad	O
processors	O
(	O
45nm	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
more	O
recently	O
with	O
some	O
versions	O
of	O
Core	O
i5	O
and	O
Core	O
i7	O
processors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Intel	B-Application
AMT	I-Application
is	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
Intel	B-Device
Management	I-Device
Engine	I-Device
that	O
is	O
built	O
into	O
PCs	O
with	O
the	O
Intel	B-Architecture
vPro	I-Architecture
brand	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Intel	B-Application
AMT	I-Application
is	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
remote	O
management	O
and	O
security	O
hardware	B-Architecture
features	O
that	O
let	O
a	O
sys-admin	O
with	O
AMT	B-Application
security	O
privileges	O
access	O
system	O
information	O
and	O
perform	O
specific	O
remote	O
operations	O
on	O
the	O
PC	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
operations	O
include	O
remote	O
power	O
up/down	O
(	O
via	O
wake	B-Protocol
on	I-Protocol
LAN	I-Protocol
)	O
,	O
remote	O
/	O
redirected	O
boot	B-Operating_System
(	O
via	O
integrated	O
device	O
electronics	O
redirect	O
,	O
or	O
IDE-R	O
)	O
,	O
console	O
redirection	O
(	O
via	O
serial	B-General_Concept
over	I-General_Concept
LAN	I-General_Concept
)	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
remote	O
management	O
and	O
security	O
features	O
.	O
</s>
