<s>
Integer	B-Language
BASIC	I-Language
is	O
a	O
BASIC	B-Language
interpreter	I-Language
written	O
by	O
Steve	O
Wozniak	O
for	O
the	O
Apple	B-Device
I	I-Device
and	O
Apple	B-Device
II	I-Device
computers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Originally	O
available	O
on	O
cassette	O
for	O
the	O
Apple	B-Device
I	I-Device
in	O
1976	O
,	O
then	O
included	O
in	O
ROM	B-Device
on	O
the	O
Apple	B-Device
II	I-Device
from	O
its	O
release	O
in	O
1977	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
the	O
first	O
version	O
of	O
BASIC	O
used	O
by	O
many	O
early	O
home	O
computer	O
owners	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
only	O
numeric	B-Algorithm
data	O
type	O
was	O
the	O
integer	O
;	O
floating-point	B-Algorithm
numbers	I-Algorithm
were	O
not	O
supported	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Using	O
integers	O
allowed	O
numbers	O
to	O
be	O
stored	O
in	O
a	O
much	O
more	O
compact	O
16-bit	O
format	O
that	O
could	O
be	O
more	O
rapidly	O
read	O
and	O
processed	O
than	O
the	O
32	O
-	O
or	O
40-bit	O
floating-point	B-Algorithm
formats	I-Algorithm
found	O
in	O
most	O
BASICs	O
of	O
the	O
era	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
made	O
it	O
so	O
fast	O
that	O
Bill	O
Gates	O
complained	O
when	O
it	O
outperformed	O
Microsoft	B-Language
BASIC	I-Language
in	O
benchmarks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Another	O
difference	O
with	O
other	O
BASICs	O
of	O
the	O
era	O
is	O
that	O
Integer	B-Language
BASIC	I-Language
treated	O
strings	O
as	O
arrays	O
of	O
characters	O
,	O
similar	O
to	O
the	O
system	O
in	O
C	B-Language
or	O
Fortran	B-Application
77	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
style	O
was	O
introduced	O
in	O
HP	B-Language
Time-Shared	I-Language
BASIC	I-Language
,	O
and	O
could	O
also	O
be	O
found	O
in	O
other	O
contemporary	O
BASICs	O
patterned	O
on	O
HP	O
,	O
like	O
North	B-Language
Star	I-Language
BASIC	I-Language
and	O
Atari	B-Language
BASIC	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
contrasted	O
with	O
the	O
style	O
found	O
in	O
BASICs	O
derived	O
from	O
DEC	O
,	O
including	O
Microsoft	B-Language
BASIC	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
language	O
was	O
initially	O
developed	O
under	O
the	O
name	O
GAME	O
BASIC	O
and	O
referred	O
to	O
simply	O
as	O
Apple	B-Language
BASIC	I-Language
when	O
it	O
was	O
introduced	O
on	O
the	O
Apple	B-Device
I	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
became	O
Integer	B-Language
BASIC	I-Language
when	O
it	O
was	O
ported	O
to	O
the	O
Apple	B-Device
II	I-Device
and	O
shipped	O
alongside	O
Applesoft	B-Language
BASIC	I-Language
,	O
a	O
port	O
of	O
Microsoft	B-Language
BASIC	I-Language
which	O
included	O
floating-point	B-Algorithm
support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Integer	B-Language
BASIC	I-Language
was	O
phased	O
out	O
in	O
favor	O
of	O
Applesoft	B-Language
BASIC	I-Language
starting	O
with	O
the	O
Apple	B-Device
II	I-Device
Plus	O
in	O
1979	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Wozniak	O
was	O
sent	O
to	O
Sylvania	O
where	O
he	O
programmed	O
in	O
FORTRAN	B-Application
on	O
an	O
IBM	B-Device
1130	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
That	O
same	O
year	O
,	O
General	O
Electric	O
placed	O
a	O
terminal	O
in	O
the	O
high	O
school	O
that	O
was	O
connected	O
to	O
one	O
of	O
their	O
mainframes	B-Architecture
running	O
their	O
timesharing	B-General_Concept
BASIC	O
service	O
,	O
which	O
they	O
were	O
heavily	O
promoting	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HP	O
made	O
major	O
inroads	O
in	O
the	O
minicomputer	B-Architecture
market	O
with	O
their	O
HP	O
2000	O
series	O
machines	O
running	O
a	O
custom	B-Language
timesharing	I-Language
version	I-Language
of	I-Language
BASIC	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
expensive	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
still	O
a	O
fraction	O
of	O
the	O
cost	O
of	O
the	O
mainframe	B-Architecture
machines	O
and	O
,	O
for	O
heavy	O
users	O
,	O
less	O
than	O
the	O
timesharing	B-General_Concept
services	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HP	O
followed	O
this	O
with	O
the	O
HP	B-Device
9830	I-Device
,	O
a	O
desktop-sized	O
machine	O
for	O
that	O
also	O
ran	O
BASIC	O
,	O
which	O
Wozniak	O
had	O
access	O
to	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
January	O
1975	O
the	O
Altair	B-Architecture
8800	I-Architecture
was	O
announced	O
and	O
sparked	O
off	O
the	O
microcomputer	B-Architecture
revolution	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
pieces	O
of	O
software	O
for	O
the	O
Altair	O
,	O
and	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
heavily	O
pirated	O
,	O
was	O
Altair	B-Language
BASIC	I-Language
from	O
the	O
recently	O
formed	O
Microsoft	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Wozniak	O
concluded	O
that	O
his	O
machine	O
would	O
have	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
BASIC	O
of	O
its	O
own	O
,	O
which	O
would	O
,	O
hopefully	O
,	O
be	O
the	O
first	O
for	O
the	O
MOS	B-General_Concept
Technology	I-General_Concept
6502	I-General_Concept
processor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Wozniak	O
's	O
references	O
for	O
BASIC	O
were	O
a	O
copy	O
of	O
101	B-Application
BASIC	I-Application
Computer	I-Application
Games	I-Application
and	O
an	O
HP	B-Language
BASIC	I-Language
manual	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
He	O
did	O
not	O
know	O
that	O
HP	O
's	O
BASIC	O
was	O
very	O
different	O
from	O
the	O
DEC	B-Language
BASIC	I-Language
variety	O
used	O
in	O
101	O
Games	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
also	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
Microsoft	B-Language
BASIC	I-Language
for	O
the	O
Altair	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
design	O
initially	O
included	O
floating-point	B-Algorithm
support	O
,	O
but	O
still	O
hoping	O
he	O
might	O
publish	O
the	O
first	O
BASIC	O
on	O
the	O
6502	B-General_Concept
and	O
become	O
"	O
a	O
star	O
"	O
,	O
he	O
decided	O
to	O
abandon	O
floating-point	B-Algorithm
and	O
write	O
a	O
separate	O
integer	O
math	O
system	O
to	O
save	O
a	O
few	O
weeks	O
programming	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Referring	O
to	O
it	O
throughout	O
development	O
as	O
"	O
GAME	O
BASIC	O
"	O
,	O
Wozniak	O
wrote	O
the	O
code	O
by	O
hand	O
,	O
translating	O
the	O
assembler	B-Language
code	I-Language
instructions	O
into	O
their	O
machine	B-Language
code	I-Language
equivalents	O
and	O
then	O
uploading	O
the	O
result	O
to	O
his	O
computer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Without	O
any	O
training	O
on	O
how	O
to	O
write	O
a	O
computer	O
language	O
,	O
he	O
used	O
his	O
HP	O
calculator	O
experience	O
to	O
implement	O
a	O
stack	B-Application
machine	I-Application
to	O
interpret	O
expressions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
early	O
1976	O
ads	O
for	O
its	O
Apple	B-Device
I	I-Device
computer	I-Device
,	O
Apple	O
Inc	O
made	O
the	O
claims	O
that	O
"	O
our	O
philosophy	O
is	O
to	O
provide	O
software	O
for	O
our	O
machines	O
free	O
or	O
at	O
minimal	O
cost	O
"	O
and	O
"	O
yes	O
folks	O
,	O
Apple	B-Language
BASIC	I-Language
is	O
Free	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
was	O
printed	O
shortly	O
after	O
Bill	O
Gates	O
's	O
infamous	O
Open	O
Letter	O
to	O
Hobbyists	O
that	O
suggested	O
that	O
people	O
were	O
robbing	O
him	O
by	O
copying	O
versions	O
of	O
Altair	B-Language
BASIC	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Wozniak	O
had	O
helped	O
Jobs	O
,	O
who	O
worked	O
for	O
Atari	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
redesign	O
of	O
Breakout	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
He	O
added	O
commands	O
to	O
read	O
paddle	B-Device
controllers	I-Device
and	O
over	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
quick	O
edits	O
had	O
a	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
game	O
up	O
and	O
running	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Wozniak	O
did	O
complete	O
a	O
floating-point	B-Algorithm
library	O
for	O
the	O
6502	B-General_Concept
and	O
published	O
it	O
in	O
the	O
August	O
1976	O
edition	O
of	O
Dr.	O
Dobb	O
's	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
library	O
was	O
later	O
made	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
ROMs	O
for	O
the	O
Apple	B-Device
II	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Wozniak	O
began	O
work	O
on	O
back-porting	O
the	O
floating-point	B-Algorithm
code	O
into	O
Apple	B-Language
BASIC	I-Language
,	O
but	O
got	O
sidetracked	O
in	O
the	O
task	O
of	O
designing	O
a	O
floppy	B-Device
disk	I-Device
controller	O
for	O
what	O
became	O
the	O
Disk	B-Device
II	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
he	O
returned	O
to	O
the	O
topic	O
of	O
floating-point	B-Algorithm
in	O
BASIC	O
,	O
Jobs	O
complained	O
it	O
was	O
taking	O
too	O
long	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Without	O
Wozniak	O
being	O
aware	O
,	O
the	O
company	O
had	O
already	O
arranged	O
a	O
license	O
with	O
Microsoft	O
to	O
receive	O
their	O
recently	O
completed	O
6502	B-General_Concept
version	O
of	O
the	O
Altair	O
code	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Examining	O
the	O
MS	O
code	O
,	O
Wozniak	O
decided	O
that	O
it	O
was	O
easier	O
to	O
add	O
graphics	O
support	O
to	O
their	O
code	O
than	O
add	O
floating-point	B-Algorithm
his	O
own	O
BASIC	O
,	O
as	O
the	O
later	O
required	O
hand-patching	O
of	O
the	O
original	O
machine	B-Language
code	I-Language
while	O
MS	O
's	O
was	O
written	O
in	O
assembler	B-Language
and	O
more	O
easily	O
modified	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
development	O
of	O
Apple	O
's	O
BASIC	O
ended	O
in	O
favor	O
of	O
what	O
became	O
Applesoft	B-Language
BASIC	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
the	O
Apple	B-Device
II	I-Device
shipped	O
in	O
the	O
summer	O
of	O
1977	O
,	O
Integer	B-Language
BASIC	I-Language
was	O
supplied	O
in	O
ROM	B-Device
,	O
while	O
Applesoft	B-Language
BASIC	I-Language
shipped	O
on	O
cassette	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
changed	O
with	O
the	O
introduction	O
of	O
the	O
Apple	B-Device
II	I-Device
Plus	O
in	O
1979	O
,	O
when	O
Applesoft	O
was	O
put	O
in	O
the	O
ROM	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Like	O
most	O
BASIC	O
implementations	O
of	O
the	O
era	O
,	O
Integer	B-Language
BASIC	I-Language
acted	O
as	O
both	O
the	O
language	O
interpreter	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
line	O
editing	O
environment	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
BASIC	O
was	O
running	O
,	O
a	O
command	B-Device
prompt	I-Device
was	O
displayed	O
where	O
the	O
user	O
could	O
enter	O
statements	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unlike	O
later	O
home	O
computer	O
platforms	O
,	O
BASIC	O
was	O
not	O
the	O
default	O
environment	O
when	O
the	O
Apple	B-Device
I	I-Device
started	O
,	O
it	O
normally	O
started	O
in	O
the	O
monitor	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Integer	B-Language
BASIC	I-Language
also	O
included	O
the	O
command	O
to	O
automatically	O
enter	O
line	O
numbers	O
at	O
a	O
given	O
starting	O
number	O
like	O
,	O
adding	O
10	O
to	O
the	O
last	O
number	O
with	O
every	O
new	O
line	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
step-by-step	O
execution	O
,	O
the	O
instruction	O
could	O
be	O
used	O
at	O
the	O
command	B-Device
prompt	I-Device
or	O
placed	O
within	O
the	O
program	O
itself	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Where	O
Dartmouth	B-Language
BASIC	I-Language
and	O
HP-BASIC	O
limited	O
variable	O
names	O
to	O
at	O
most	O
two	O
characters	O
(	O
either	O
a	O
single	O
letter	O
or	O
a	O
letter	O
followed	O
by	O
one	O
digit	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
where	O
MS-BASIC	O
allowed	O
a	O
letter	O
followed	O
by	O
an	O
optional	O
letter	O
or	O
digit	O
(	O
ignoring	O
subsequent	O
characters	O
)	O
,	O
Integer	B-Language
BASIC	I-Language
was	O
unusual	O
in	O
supporting	O
any	O
length	O
variable	O
name	O
(	O
e.g.	O
,	O
SUM	O
,	O
GAMEPOINTS	O
,	O
PLAYER2	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Integer	B-Language
BASIC	I-Language
,	O
as	O
its	O
name	O
implies	O
,	O
uses	O
integers	O
as	O
the	O
basis	O
for	O
its	O
math	O
package	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
were	O
stored	O
internally	O
as	O
a	O
16-bit	O
number	O
,	O
little-endian	O
(	O
as	O
is	O
the	O
6502	B-General_Concept
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
contrast	O
to	O
MS-derived	O
versions	O
,	O
where	O
the	O
parameter	O
was	O
ignored	O
and	O
always	O
returned	O
a	O
value	O
0	O
..	O
<	O
1	O
,	O
Integer	B-Language
BASIC	I-Language
used	O
the	O
parameter	O
;	O
returned	O
an	O
integer	O
from	O
0	O
to	O
5	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Integer	B-Language
BASIC	I-Language
's	O
string	O
handling	O
was	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
system	O
in	O
HP	B-Language
BASIC	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
similar	O
to	O
the	O
model	O
in	O
C	B-Language
or	O
Fortran	B-Application
77	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Before	O
MS-derived	O
BASICs	O
became	O
the	O
de	O
facto	O
standard	O
,	O
this	O
style	O
was	O
not	O
uncommon	O
;	O
North	B-Language
Star	I-Language
BASIC	I-Language
and	O
Atari	B-Language
BASIC	I-Language
used	O
the	O
same	O
concept	O
,	O
as	O
did	O
others	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Strings	O
in	O
Integer	B-Language
Basic	I-Language
used	O
a	O
fixed	O
amount	O
of	O
memory	O
regardless	O
of	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
characters	O
used	O
within	O
them	O
,	O
up	O
to	O
a	O
maximum	O
of	O
255	O
characters	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
had	O
the	O
advantage	O
of	O
avoiding	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
the	O
garbage	B-General_Concept
collection	I-General_Concept
of	O
the	O
heap	B-Application
that	O
was	O
notoriously	O
slow	O
in	O
MS	B-Language
BASIC	I-Language
but	O
meant	O
that	O
strings	O
that	O
were	O
shorter	O
than	O
the	O
declared	O
length	O
was	O
wasted	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
returned	O
the	O
length	O
of	O
a	O
string	O
and	O
returned	O
the	O
ASCII	B-Protocol
numeric	B-Algorithm
code	O
for	O
the	O
first	O
letter	O
in	O
a	O
string	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
lacked	O
an	O
equivalent	O
of	O
the	O
that	O
returned	O
the	O
ASCII	B-Protocol
character	I-Protocol
with	O
a	O
given	O
numeric	B-Algorithm
code	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
launched	O
,	O
the	O
only	O
game	B-Device
controller	I-Device
for	O
the	O
Apple	O
was	O
the	O
paddle	B-Device
controller	I-Device
,	O
which	O
had	O
two	O
controllers	O
on	O
a	O
single	O
connector	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Integer	B-Language
BASIC	I-Language
lacked	O
any	O
custom	O
input/output	O
commands	O
,	O
and	O
also	O
lacked	O
the	O
statement	O
and	O
the	O
associated	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
get	O
data	O
into	O
and	O
out	O
of	O
a	O
program	O
,	O
the	O
input/output	O
functionality	O
was	O
redirected	O
to	O
a	O
selected	O
card	B-Device
slot	I-Device
with	O
the	O
and	O
,	O
which	O
redirected	O
output	O
or	O
input	O
(	O
respectively	O
)	O
to	O
the	O
numbered	O
slot	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Integer	B-Language
BASIC	I-Language
included	O
a	O
feature	O
,	O
which	O
positioned	O
the	O
cursor	O
on	O
a	O
given	O
column	O
from	O
0	O
to	O
39	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
differed	O
from	O
the	O
versions	O
found	O
in	O
most	O
BASICs	O
in	O
that	O
it	O
was	O
a	O
command	O
with	O
a	O
following	O
number	O
,	O
as	O
opposed	O
to	O
a	O
function	O
with	O
the	O
value	O
in	O
parenthesis	O
;	O
one	O
would	O
move	O
the	O
cursor	O
to	O
column	O
10	O
using	O
in	O
Integer	B-Language
BASIC	I-Language
whereas	O
in	O
MS	O
this	O
would	O
be	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Integer	B-Language
BASIC	I-Language
included	O
a	O
command	O
to	O
exit	O
from	O
loops	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Atari	B-Language
BASIC	I-Language
also	O
supported	O
the	O
same	O
command	O
,	O
while	O
North	B-Language
Star	I-Language
BASIC	I-Language
used	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Integer	B-Language
BASIC	I-Language
ROMs	O
also	O
included	O
a	O
machine	B-General_Concept
code	I-General_Concept
monitor	I-General_Concept
,	O
"	O
mini-assembler	O
"	O
,	O
and	O
disassembler	O
to	O
create	O
and	O
debug	O
assembly	B-Language
language	I-Language
programs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Wozniak	O
hand-assembled	O
the	O
monitor	B-General_Concept
as	O
the	O
Apple	B-Device
II	I-Device
's	O
first	O
program	O
,	O
then	O
used	O
it	O
to	O
write	O
Integer	B-Language
BASIC	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apple	B-Language
BASIC	I-Language
had	O
the	O
following	O
commands	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Integer	B-Language
BASIC	I-Language
added	O
the	O
following	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Integer	B-Language
BASIC	I-Language
read	O
the	O
lines	O
typed	O
in	O
by	O
the	O
user	O
from	O
a	O
buffer	O
and	O
ran	O
them	O
through	O
a	O
parser	B-Language
which	O
output	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
tokens	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
part	O
of	O
this	O
process	O
,	O
simple	O
syntax	B-Application
errors	I-Application
were	O
detected	O
and	O
listed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
If	O
the	O
parsing	B-Language
was	O
successful	O
,	O
the	O
line	O
number	O
(	O
if	O
present	O
)	O
was	O
converted	O
from	O
ASCII	B-Protocol
decimal	O
format	O
into	O
a	O
16-bit	O
integer	O
and	O
any	O
keywords	O
into	O
a	O
7-bit	O
integer	O
token	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
keywords	O
were	O
represented	O
by	O
multiple	O
tokens	B-Application
;	O
for	O
instance	O
,	O
where	O
Microsoft	B-Language
BASIC	I-Language
had	O
one	O
token	O
for	O
the	O
keyword	O
,	O
Integer	B-Language
BASIC	I-Language
had	O
three	O
tokens	B-Application
:	O
one	O
if	O
the	O
keyword	O
was	O
followed	O
by	O
no	O
arguments	O
,	O
one	O
if	O
followed	O
by	O
an	O
arithmetic	O
expression	O
,	O
and	O
one	O
if	O
followed	O
by	O
a	O
string	O
literal	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Numeric	B-Algorithm
literals	O
,	O
like	O
the	O
value	O
500	O
,	O
were	O
converted	O
into	O
their	O
16-bit	O
(	O
two-byte	O
)	O
binary	O
representation	O
,	O
in	O
this	O
case	O
,	O
hexadecimal	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
variables	O
were	O
encountered	O
,	O
their	O
name	O
was	O
parsed	B-Language
and	O
then	O
looked	O
up	O
in	O
the	O
variable	O
storage	O
area	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
to	O
Integer	B-Language
BASIC	I-Language
,	O
the	O
Apple	O
ROMs	O
contained	O
a	O
custom	O
assembler	B-Language
language	I-Language
known	O
as	O
SWEET16	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
SWEET16	B-Application
is	O
based	O
on	O
bytecodes	O
that	O
run	O
within	O
a	O
simple	O
16-bit	O
virtual	B-Architecture
machine	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
model	O
was	O
used	O
so	O
memory	O
could	O
be	O
addressed	O
via	O
indirect	O
16-bit	O
pointers	O
and	O
16-bit	O
math	O
functions	O
calculated	O
without	O
the	O
need	O
to	O
translate	O
those	O
to	O
the	O
underlying	O
multi-instruction	O
8-bit	O
6502	B-General_Concept
code	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
entire	O
virtual	B-Architecture
machine	I-Architecture
was	O
written	O
in	O
only	O
300	O
bytes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Code	O
can	O
call	O
SWEET16	B-Application
by	O
issuing	O
a	O
subroutine	O
call	O
,	O
and	O
then	O
return	O
to	O
normal	O
6502	B-General_Concept
code	O
when	O
the	O
16-bit	O
operations	O
are	O
complete	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SWEET16	B-Application
was	O
not	O
used	O
by	O
the	O
core	O
BASIC	O
code	O
,	O
but	O
was	O
later	O
used	O
to	O
implement	O
several	O
utilities	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Notable	O
among	O
these	O
was	O
the	O
line	O
renumbering	O
routine	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
included	O
in	O
the	O
Programmer	O
's	O
Aid	O
#1	O
ROM	B-Device
,	O
added	O
to	O
later	O
Apple	B-Device
II	I-Device
models	O
and	O
available	O
for	O
user	O
installation	O
on	O
earlier	O
examples	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
Integer	B-Language
BASIC	I-Language
contained	O
its	O
own	O
math	O
routines	O
,	O
the	O
Apple	B-Device
II	I-Device
ROMs	O
also	O
included	O
a	O
complete	O
floating-point	B-Algorithm
library	O
located	O
in	O
ROM	B-Device
memory	I-Device
between	O
and	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
source	O
code	O
was	O
included	O
in	O
the	O
Apple	B-Device
II	I-Device
manual	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
BASIC	O
programs	O
requiring	O
floating-point	B-Algorithm
calculations	O
could	O
CALL	O
into	O
these	O
routines	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Because	O
Integer	B-Language
BASIC	I-Language
processed	O
more	O
of	O
the	O
original	O
source	O
code	O
into	O
tokens	B-Application
,	O
the	O
runtime	O
was	O
faster	O
than	O
versions	O
that	O
required	O
additional	O
runtime	O
parsing	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
comparison	O
,	O
Tiny	B-Language
BASIC	I-Language
tokenized	O
only	O
the	O
line	O
number	O
,	O
while	O
MS	B-Language
BASICs	I-Language
tokenized	O
only	O
the	O
keywords	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
So	O
for	O
instance	O
,	O
while	O
Integer	B-Language
BASIC	I-Language
would	O
convert	O
the	O
line	O
entirely	O
into	O
tokens	B-Application
that	O
could	O
be	O
immediately	O
read	O
and	O
performed	O
,	O
in	O
MS	B-Language
BASIC	I-Language
only	O
the	O
line	O
number	O
and	O
GOTO	O
would	O
be	O
tokenized	O
,	O
the	O
"	O
200	O
"	O
was	O
left	O
in	O
its	O
original	O
ASCII	B-Protocol
format	O
and	O
had	O
to	O
be	O
re-parsed	O
into	O
a	O
16-bit	O
integer	O
every	O
time	O
the	O
line	O
was	O
encountered	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
due	O
both	O
to	O
the	O
smaller	O
16-bit	O
format	O
requiring	O
fewer	O
memory	O
accesses	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
removing	O
the	O
need	O
to	O
move	O
the	O
floating-point	B-Algorithm
decimal	O
after	O
calculations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
many	O
computer	O
benchmarks	O
of	O
the	O
era	O
were	O
small	O
and	O
often	O
performed	O
simple	O
math	O
that	O
did	O
not	O
require	O
floating-point	B-Algorithm
,	O
Integer	B-Language
BASIC	I-Language
trounced	O
most	O
other	O
BASICs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
earliest	O
known	O
microcomputer	B-Architecture
benchmarks	O
,	O
the	O
Rugg/Feldman	O
benchmarks	O
,	O
Integer	B-Language
BASIC	I-Language
was	O
well	O
over	O
twice	O
as	O
fast	O
as	O
Applesoft	B-Language
BASIC	I-Language
on	O
the	O
same	O
machine	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
Byte	B-Language
Sieve	I-Language
,	O
where	O
math	O
was	O
less	O
important	O
but	O
array	O
access	O
and	O
looping	O
performance	O
dominated	O
,	O
Integer	B-Language
BASIC	I-Language
took	O
166	O
seconds	O
while	O
Applesoft	O
took	O
200	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
did	O
not	O
appear	O
in	O
the	O
Creative	O
Computing	O
Benchmark	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
first	O
published	O
in	O
1983	O
,	O
by	O
which	O
time	O
Integer	B-Language
BASIC	I-Language
was	O
no	O
longer	O
supplied	O
by	O
default	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
following	O
is	O
a	O
version	O
of	O
Breakout	B-Application
written	O
in	O
the	O
1977	O
version	O
of	O
Integer	B-Language
BASIC	I-Language
for	O
the	O
Apple	B-Device
II	I-Device
,	O
which	O
was	O
listed	O
in	O
the	O
Apple	B-Device
II	I-Device
Mini	O
Manual	O
.	O
</s>
