<s>
Insteon	B-Application
is	O
a	O
proprietary	O
home	O
automation	O
(	O
domotics	O
)	O
system	O
that	O
enables	O
light	O
switches	O
,	O
lights	O
,	O
thermostats	O
,	O
leak	O
sensors	O
,	O
remote	O
controls	O
,	O
motion	O
sensors	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
electrically	O
powered	O
devices	O
to	O
interoperate	O
through	O
power	O
lines	O
,	O
radio	O
frequency	O
(	O
RF	O
)	O
communications	O
,	O
or	O
both	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Like	O
other	O
home	O
automation	O
systems	O
,	O
it	O
had	O
been	O
associated	O
with	O
the	B-Operating_System
Internet	I-Operating_System
of	I-Operating_System
things	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Insteon-based	O
products	O
were	O
launched	O
in	O
2005	O
by	O
Smartlabs	B-Device
,	O
the	O
company	O
which	O
holds	O
the	O
trademark	O
for	O
Insteon	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
Smartlabs	B-Device
subsidiary	O
,	O
also	O
named	O
Insteon	B-Application
,	O
was	O
created	O
to	O
market	O
the	O
technology	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2017	O
,	O
SmartLabs	B-Device
and	O
the	O
Insteon	B-Application
trademark	O
were	O
acquired	O
by	O
Richmond	O
Capital	O
Partners	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
April	O
16	O
,	O
2022	O
reports	O
emerged	O
of	O
users	O
finding	O
their	O
Insteon	B-Application
Hubs	O
offline	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
company	O
's	O
CEO	O
Rob	O
Lilleness	O
appeared	O
to	O
have	O
scrubbed	O
any	O
references	O
to	O
Insteon	B-Application
from	O
his	O
LinkedIn	O
page	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
employees	O
also	O
appeared	O
to	O
indicate	O
on	O
their	O
LinkedIn	O
profiles	O
that	O
their	O
employment	O
with	O
the	O
company	O
ceased	O
in	O
April	O
2022	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
a	O
community	O
statement	O
published	O
on	O
the	O
Insteon.com	O
website	O
,	O
Smartlabs	B-Device
has	O
revealed	O
that	O
it	O
has	O
been	O
looking	O
for	O
a	O
parent	O
company	O
to	O
purchase	O
and	O
continue	O
developing	O
the	O
Insteon	B-Application
ecosystem	O
following	O
supply-chain	O
issues	O
during	O
the	O
COVID-19	O
pandemic	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
October	O
2022	O
,	O
Insteon	B-Application
services	O
were	O
brought	O
back	O
by	O
a	O
group	O
of	O
customers	O
who	O
claim	O
to	O
have	O
bought	O
the	O
company	O
assets	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Every	O
message	O
received	O
by	O
an	O
Insteon	B-Application
compatible	O
device	O
undergoes	O
error	O
detection	O
and	O
correction	O
and	O
is	O
then	O
retransmitted	O
to	O
improve	O
reliability	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Insteon	B-Application
powerline	O
messaging	O
uses	O
phase-shift	B-General_Concept
keying	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Insteon	B-Application
RF	O
messaging	O
uses	O
frequency-shift	O
keying	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Each	O
message	O
contains	O
a	O
two-bit	O
"	O
hops	B-Protocol
"	O
field	O
that	O
is	O
initialized	O
to	O
3	O
by	O
the	O
originating	O
node	O
and	O
decremented	O
each	O
time	O
a	O
node	O
in	O
the	O
network	O
repeats	O
the	O
message	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Individual	O
Insteon	B-Application
messages	O
can	O
also	O
carry	O
up	O
to	O
14	O
bytes	B-Application
of	O
arbitrary	O
user	O
data	O
for	O
custom	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Insteon	B-Application
is	O
an	O
integrated	O
dual-mesh	O
(	O
formerly	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
"	O
dual-band	O
"	O
)	O
network	O
that	O
combines	O
wireless	O
radio	O
frequency	O
(	O
RF	O
)	O
and	O
a	O
building	O
's	O
existing	O
electrical	O
wiring	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
a	O
peer-to-peer	O
network	O
,	O
devices	O
do	O
not	O
require	O
network	O
supervision	O
,	O
thus	O
allowing	O
optional	O
operation	O
without	O
central	O
controllers	O
and	O
routing	B-Protocol
tables	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Insteon	B-Application
devices	O
can	O
function	O
without	O
a	O
central	O
controller	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
computer	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
central	O
controller	O
by	O
connecting	O
it	O
to	O
an	O
Insteon	B-Application
USB/serial	O
PowerLinc	O
modem	O
,	O
which	O
serves	O
as	O
a	O
communication	O
bridge	O
between	O
the	O
computer	O
and	O
the	O
Insteon	B-Application
device	O
network	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Insteon	B-Application
network	O
security	O
is	O
maintained	O
via	O
linking	O
control	O
to	O
ensure	O
that	O
users	O
cannot	O
create	O
links	O
that	O
would	O
allow	O
them	O
to	O
control	O
neighbors’	O
Insteon	B-Application
devices	O
,	O
and	O
via	O
encryption	O
within	O
extended	O
Insteon	B-Application
messages	O
for	O
applications	O
such	O
as	O
door	O
locks	O
and	O
security	O
applications	O
,	O
should	O
those	O
applications	O
choose	O
to	O
implement	O
encryption	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Insteon	B-Application
enforces	O
linking	O
control	O
by	O
requiring	O
users	O
to	O
have	O
physical	O
possession	O
of	O
devices	O
,	O
or	O
knowledge	O
of	O
their	O
unique	O
Insteon	B-Application
IDs	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
create	O
links	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Firmware	O
in	O
Insteon	B-Application
devices	O
prohibits	O
them	O
from	O
identifying	O
themselves	O
to	O
other	O
devices	O
unless	O
a	O
user	O
either	O
physically	O
presses	O
a	O
button	O
on	O
the	O
device	O
during	O
the	O
installation	O
process	O
or	O
explicitly	O
addresses	O
the	O
device	O
via	O
a	O
central	O
controller	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Linking	O
to	O
a	O
device	O
by	O
sending	O
Insteon	B-Application
messages	O
(	O
e.g.	O
,	O
from	O
a	O
central	O
controller	O
)	O
requires	O
knowledge	O
of	O
the	O
address	O
of	O
the	O
target	O
Insteon	B-Application
device	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
security	O
of	O
Insteon	B-Application
RF	O
devices	O
was	O
criticized	O
in	O
a	O
DEF	O
CON	O
presentation	O
in	O
2015	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Insteon	B-Application
devices	O
are	O
configured	O
by	O
applying	O
a	O
sequence	O
of	O
"	O
taps	O
"	O
(	O
button	O
presses	O
)	O
to	O
a	O
pushbutton	O
on	O
each	O
device	O
to	O
establish	O
direct	O
device-to-device	O
links	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Each	O
Insteon	B-Application
device	O
has	O
its	O
own	O
unique	O
identifier	O
code	O
,	O
similar	O
to	O
a	O
MAC	O
address	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
technology	O
allows	O
directly	O
linked	O
devices	O
to	O
manage	O
their	O
identifiers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Older	O
Insteon	B-Application
chip	O
sets	O
manufactured	O
by	O
Smartlabs	B-Device
can	O
transmit	O
,	O
receive	O
,	O
and	O
respond	O
to	O
(	O
but	O
not	O
repeat	O
)	O
X10	O
power	O
line	O
messages	O
,	O
thus	O
enabling	O
X10	O
networks	O
to	O
interoperate	O
with	O
Insteon	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2014	O
,	O
Insteon	B-Application
released	O
apps	O
for	O
Windows	B-Application
8	I-Application
and	O
Windows	B-Protocol
Phone	I-Protocol
,	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
an	O
agreement	O
with	O
Microsoft	O
to	O
sell	O
its	O
kits	O
at	O
Microsoft	O
Store	O
locations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Windows	B-Protocol
Phone	I-Protocol
also	O
featured	O
voice	O
control	O
via	O
Cortana	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
That	O
same	O
year	O
,	O
Logitech	O
announced	O
that	O
the	O
remote	O
for	O
the	O
Harmony	O
Hub	O
(	O
a	O
smart	O
home	O
hub	O
)	O
would	O
support	O
Insteon	B-Application
devices	O
when	O
deployed	O
with	O
an	O
Insteon	B-Application
Hub	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Also	O
in	O
2015	O
,	O
Insteon	B-Application
announced	O
an	O
initiative	O
to	O
integrate	O
the	O
Google-owned	O
Nest	B-Application
learning	O
thermostat	O
with	O
the	O
Insteon	B-Application
Hub	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Insteon	B-Application
was	O
one	O
of	O
two	O
launch	O
partners	O
for	O
Apple	B-Operating_System
's	I-Operating_System
HomeKit	I-Operating_System
platform	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
HomeKit-enabled	O
Insteon	B-Application
Hub	O
Pro	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2015	O
,	O
Insteon	B-Application
announced	O
support	O
for	O
the	O
Apple	B-Device
Watch	I-Device
,	O
allowing	O
watch	O
owners	O
to	O
control	O
their	O
home	O
with	O
an	O
Insteon	B-Application
Hub	O
.	O
</s>
