<s>
The	O
Information	B-General_Concept
visualization	I-General_Concept
reference	I-General_Concept
model	I-General_Concept
is	O
an	O
example	O
of	O
a	O
reference	O
model	O
for	O
information	B-Application
visualization	I-Application
,	O
developed	O
by	O
Ed	O
Chi	O
in	O
1999	O
,	O
under	O
the	O
name	O
of	O
the	O
data	O
state	O
model	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Chi	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
framework	O
successfully	O
modeled	O
a	O
wide	O
array	O
of	O
visualization	O
applications	O
and	O
later	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
model	O
was	O
functionally	O
equivalent	O
to	O
the	O
data	O
flow	O
model	O
used	O
in	O
existing	O
graphics	O
toolkits	O
such	O
as	O
VTK	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
previous	O
work	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
Chi	O
(	O
2000	O
)	O
,	O
"	O
researchers	O
have	O
attempted	O
to	O
construct	O
taxonomies	O
of	O
information	B-Application
visualization	I-Application
techniques	O
by	O
examining	O
the	O
data	O
domains	O
that	O
are	O
compatible	O
with	O
these	O
techniques	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Reidl	O
"	O
in	O
1998	O
extends	O
and	O
proposes	O
a	O
new	O
way	O
to	O
taxonomize	O
information	B-Application
visualization	I-Application
techniques	O
by	O
using	O
the	O
Data	O
State	O
Model	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Data	O
State	O
Model	O
not	O
only	O
helps	O
researchers	O
understand	O
the	O
space	O
of	O
design	O
,	O
but	O
also	O
helps	O
implementers	O
understand	O
how	O
information	B-Application
visualization	I-Application
techniques	O
can	O
be	O
applied	O
more	O
broadly	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1999	O
Stuart	O
Card	O
,	O
Jock	O
D	O
.	O
Mackinlay	O
,	O
and	O
Ben	O
Shneiderman	O
present	O
their	O
own	O
interpretation	O
of	O
this	O
pattern	O
,	O
dubbing	O
it	O
the	O
information	B-General_Concept
visualization	I-General_Concept
reference	I-General_Concept
model	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
