<s>
An	O
information	B-Application
silo	I-Application
,	O
or	O
a	O
group	O
of	O
such	O
silos	B-Application
,	O
is	O
an	O
insular	O
management	O
system	O
in	O
which	O
one	O
information	O
system	O
or	O
subsystem	O
is	O
incapable	O
of	O
reciprocal	O
operation	O
with	O
others	O
that	O
are	O
,	O
or	O
should	O
be	O
,	O
related	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Thus	O
information	O
is	O
not	O
adequately	O
shared	O
but	O
rather	O
remains	O
sequestered	O
within	O
each	O
system	O
or	O
subsystem	O
,	O
figuratively	O
trapped	O
within	O
a	O
container	O
like	O
grain	O
is	O
trapped	O
within	O
a	O
silo	B-Application
:	O
there	O
may	O
be	O
much	O
of	O
it	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
may	O
be	O
stacked	O
quite	O
high	O
and	O
freely	O
available	O
within	O
those	O
limits	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
has	O
no	O
effect	O
outside	O
those	O
limits	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Such	O
data	B-Application
silos	I-Application
are	O
proving	O
to	O
be	O
an	O
obstacle	O
for	O
businesses	O
wishing	O
to	O
use	O
data	B-Application
mining	I-Application
to	O
make	O
productive	O
use	O
of	O
their	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Information	B-Application
silos	I-Application
occur	O
whenever	O
a	O
data	B-Application
system	I-Application
is	O
incompatible	O
or	O
not	O
integrated	O
with	O
other	O
data	B-Application
systems	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
incompatibility	O
may	O
occur	O
in	O
the	O
technical	O
architecture	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
application	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
,	O
or	O
in	O
the	O
data	B-General_Concept
architecture	I-General_Concept
of	O
any	O
data	B-Application
system	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
since	O
it	O
has	O
been	O
shown	O
that	O
established	O
data	B-Application
modeling	I-Application
methods	O
are	O
the	O
root	O
cause	O
of	O
the	O
data	O
integration	O
problem	O
,	O
most	O
data	B-Application
systems	I-Application
are	O
at	O
least	O
incompatible	O
in	O
the	O
data	B-General_Concept
architecture	I-General_Concept
layer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
understanding	O
organizational	O
behaviour	O
,	O
the	O
term	O
silo	B-Application
mentality	O
often	O
refers	O
to	O
a	O
mindset	B-Device
which	O
creates	O
and	O
maintains	O
information	B-Application
silos	I-Application
within	O
an	O
organization	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
silo	B-Application
mentality	O
is	O
created	O
by	O
the	O
divergent	O
goals	O
of	O
different	O
organizational	O
units	O
:	O
it	O
is	O
defined	O
by	O
the	O
Business	O
Dictionary	O
as	O
"	O
a	O
mindset	B-Device
present	O
when	O
certain	O
departments	O
or	O
sectors	O
do	O
not	O
wish	O
to	O
share	O
information	O
with	O
others	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
company	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
silo	B-Application
mentality	O
primarily	O
occurs	O
in	O
larger	O
organizations	O
and	O
can	O
lead	O
to	O
poorer	O
performance	O
and	O
has	O
a	O
negative	O
impact	O
on	O
the	O
corporate	O
culture	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Silo	B-Application
mentalities	O
can	O
be	O
countered	O
by	O
the	O
introduction	O
of	O
shared	O
goals	O
,	O
the	O
increase	O
of	O
internal	O
networking	O
activities	O
and	O
the	O
flattening	O
of	O
hierarchies	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
term	O
functional	B-Application
silo	I-Application
syndrome	O
was	O
coined	O
in	O
1988	O
by	O
Phil	O
S	O
.	O
Ensor	O
(	O
1931	O
–	O
2018	O
)	O
who	O
worked	O
in	O
organizational	O
development	O
and	O
employee	O
relations	O
for	O
Goodyear	O
Tire	O
and	O
Rubber	O
Company	O
and	O
Eaton	O
Corporation	O
,	O
and	O
as	O
a	O
consultant	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
"	O
Silo	B-Application
"	O
and	O
"	O
stovepipe	O
"	O
(	O
as	O
in	O
"	O
stovepipe	O
organization	O
"	O
and	O
"	O
stovepipe	O
system	O
"	O
)	O
are	O
now	O
used	O
interchangeably	O
and	O
applied	O
broadly	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Phil	O
Ensor	O
's	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
term	O
"	O
silo	B-Application
"	O
reflects	O
his	O
rural	O
Illinois	O
origins	O
and	O
the	O
many	O
grain	O
silos	B-Application
he	O
would	O
pass	O
on	O
return	O
visits	O
as	O
he	O
contemplated	O
the	O
challenges	O
of	O
the	O
modern	O
organizations	O
with	O
which	O
he	O
worked	O
.	O
</s>
