<s>
InfinityDB	B-Application
is	O
an	O
all-Java	O
embedded	B-Application
database	I-Application
engine	O
and	O
client/server	O
DBMS	O
with	O
an	O
extended	O
java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentNavigableMap	O
interface	O
(	O
a	O
subinterface	O
of	O
java.util.Map	O
)	O
that	O
is	O
deployed	O
in	O
handheld	O
devices	O
,	O
on	O
servers	O
,	O
on	O
workstations	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
distributed	O
settings	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
design	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
a	O
proprietary	O
lockless	O
,	O
concurrent	O
,	O
B-tree	B-Architecture
architecture	O
that	O
enables	O
client	O
programmers	O
to	O
reach	O
high	O
levels	O
of	O
performance	O
without	O
risk	O
of	O
failures	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
embedded	O
system	O
,	O
data	O
is	O
stored	O
to	O
and	O
retrieved	O
from	O
a	O
single	O
embedded	B-Application
database	I-Application
file	O
using	O
the	O
InfnityDB	O
API	B-Application
that	O
allows	O
direct	O
access	O
to	O
the	O
variable	O
length	O
item	O
spaces	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
is	O
no	O
limit	O
to	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
items	O
,	O
database	O
size	O
,	O
or	O
JVM	B-Language
size	O
,	O
so	O
InfinityDB	B-Application
can	O
function	O
in	O
both	O
the	O
smallest	O
environment	O
that	O
provides	O
random	O
access	O
storage	O
and	O
can	O
be	O
scaled	O
to	O
large	O
settings	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
InfinityDB	B-Application
can	O
be	O
optimized	O
for	O
standard	O
relations	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
all	O
other	O
types	O
of	O
data	O
,	O
allowing	O
client	O
applications	O
to	O
perform	O
at	O
a	O
minimum	O
of	O
one	O
million	O
operations	O
per	O
second	O
on	O
a	O
virtual	O
,	O
8-core	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AirConcurrentMap	O
,	O
is	O
an	O
in-memory	O
map	O
that	O
implements	O
the	O
Java	B-Language
ConcurrentMap	O
interface	O
,	O
but	O
internally	O
it	O
uses	O
a	O
multi-core	O
design	O
so	O
that	O
its	O
performance	O
and	O
memory	O
make	O
it	O
the	O
fastest	O
Java	B-Language
Map	O
when	O
ordering	O
is	O
performed	O
and	O
it	O
holds	O
medium	O
to	O
large	O
numbers	O
of	O
entries	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AirConcurrentMap	O
iteration	O
is	O
faster	O
than	O
any	O
Java	B-Language
Map	O
iterators	O
,	O
regardless	O
of	O
the	O
specific	O
map	O
type	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
InfinityDB	B-Application
can	O
be	O
accessed	O
as	O
an	O
extended	O
standard	O
java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentNavigableMap	O
,	O
or	O
via	O
a	O
low-level	O
'	O
ItemSpace	O
 '	O
API	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ConcurrentNavigableMap	O
interface	O
is	O
a	O
subinterface	O
of	O
java.util.Map	O
but	O
has	O
special	O
ordering	O
and	O
concurrency	O
methods	O
:	O
this	O
is	O
the	O
same	O
API	B-Application
as	O
java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentSkipListMap	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Maps	O
have	O
the	O
standard	O
semantics	O
,	O
but	O
work	O
internally	O
on	O
a	O
'	O
tuple	O
space	O
 '	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
Maps	O
are	O
not	O
actually	O
stored	O
but	O
are	O
helpers	O
,	O
each	O
representing	O
nothing	O
more	O
than	O
an	O
immutable	O
tuple	O
prefix	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
key	O
and	O
value	O
types	O
available	O
include	O
all	O
Java	B-Language
primitive	O
data	O
types	O
,	O
Dates	O
,	O
Strings	O
,	O
small	O
char	O
or	O
byte	O
arrays	O
,	O
'	O
ByteStrings	O
 '	O
,	O
'	O
huge	O
array	O
 '	O
indexes	O
,	O
Character	O
Long	O
Objects	O
or	O
Binary	O
Long	O
Objects	O
,	O
plus	O
the	O
special-purpose	O
types	O
'	O
EntityClass	O
 '	O
and	O
'	O
Attribute	O
 '	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Attribute	O
values	O
can	O
be	O
ordered	O
sets	O
of	O
composite	O
components	O
,	O
character	O
large	O
objects	O
(	O
CLOB	O
's	O
)	O
,	O
binary	B-General_Concept
large	I-General_Concept
objects	I-General_Concept
(	O
BLOB	B-General_Concept
's	O
)	O
,	O
or	O
unlimited	O
sparse	B-Algorithm
arrays	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Any	O
ItemSpace	O
may	O
be	O
represented	O
as	O
an	O
extended	O
JSON	B-General_Concept
document	O
,	O
and	O
JSON	B-General_Concept
printers	O
and	O
parsers	O
are	O
provided	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
JSON	B-General_Concept
documents	O
are	O
not	O
native	O
but	O
are	O
mapped	O
to	O
sets	O
of	O
Items	O
when	O
desired	O
,	O
at	O
any	O
scale	O
determined	O
by	O
an	O
Item	O
prefix	B-Algorithm
that	O
represents	O
the	O
path	O
to	O
the	O
sub-document	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Hence	O
,	O
the	O
entire	O
database	O
or	O
any	O
subtree	O
of	O
it	O
down	O
to	O
a	O
single	O
value	O
can	O
be	O
represented	O
as	O
extended	O
JSON	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Because	O
Items	O
are	O
always	O
kept	O
sorted	O
,	O
the	O
JSON	B-General_Concept
keys	O
of	O
an	O
object	O
are	O
always	O
in	O
order	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Data	O
is	O
not	O
stored	O
as	O
text	O
to	O
be	O
parsed	O
with	O
weak	O
typing	O
as	O
in	O
JSON	B-General_Concept
or	O
XML	B-Protocol
,	O
nor	O
is	O
it	O
parsed	O
out	O
of	O
programmer-defined	O
binary	O
stream	O
representations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
no	O
custom	O
client-devised	O
binary	O
formats	O
that	O
can	O
grow	O
brittle	O
,	O
and	O
which	O
can	O
have	O
security	O
,	O
documentation	O
,	O
upgrade	O
,	O
testing	O
,	O
versioning	O
,	O
scaling	O
,	O
and	O
debugging	O
problems	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
is	O
the	O
case	O
with	O
Java	B-Language
Object	O
serialization	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
operations	O
are	O
either	O
the	O
standard	O
Map	O
API	B-Application
for	O
get( )	O
,	O
put( )	O
,	O
iterators	O
,	O
and	O
so	O
on	O
,	O
or	O
at	O
the	O
lower	O
level	O
,	O
insert( )	O
,	O
delete( )	O
,	O
update( )	O
,	O
first( )	O
,	O
next( )	O
,	O
last( )	O
,	O
and	O
previous( )	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Typical	O
Items	O
are	O
about	O
30	O
bytes	O
uncompressed	B-General_Concept
in	O
memory	O
,	O
but	O
LOB	O
's	O
for	O
example	O
use	O
1KB	O
Items	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
in	O
contrast	O
to	O
chunked	O
access	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
for	O
example	O
formatting	O
and	O
parsing	O
entire	O
JSON	B-General_Concept
or	O
XML	B-Protocol
texts	O
or	O
entire	O
Java	B-Language
Object	O
serialization	O
graphs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On-storage	O
performance	O
is	O
like	O
any	O
block-oriented	O
B-tree	B-Architecture
,	O
with	O
blocks	O
of	O
about	O
4KB	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
O(log(n )	O
)	O
per	O
access	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
performance	O
and	O
efficiency	O
,	O
the	O
Items	O
are	O
stored	O
inside	O
a	O
single	O
B-tree	B-Architecture
prefix-compressed	O
and	O
variable	O
length	O
as	O
an	O
uninterpreted	O
sequence	O
of	O
bytes	O
for	O
further	O
compression	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
B-tree	B-Architecture
may	O
typically	O
grow	O
to	O
the	O
100GB	O
's	O
range	O
but	O
has	O
no	O
limits	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
InfinityDB	B-Application
minimizes	O
the	O
size	O
of	O
its	O
database	O
file	O
through	O
four	O
types	O
of	O
compression	B-General_Concept
(	O
prefix	B-Algorithm
,	O
suffix	O
,	O
zlib	B-Language
,	O
and	O
UTF-8	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Schema	B-Application
upgrade	O
when	O
structures	O
are	O
extended	O
or	O
modified	O
is	O
done	O
by	O
adding	O
or	O
removing	O
Items	O
in	O
new	O
ways	O
at	O
runtime	O
,	O
and	O
there	O
are	O
no	O
upgrade	O
scripts	O
-	O
hence	O
the	O
data	O
model	O
is	O
NoSQL	O
and	O
schemaless	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Besides	O
the	O
normal	O
Java	B-Language
primitive	O
types	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
'	O
EntityClass	O
 '	O
and	O
'	O
Attribute	O
 '	O
types	O
,	O
each	O
identified	O
by	O
a	O
name	O
or	O
number	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
is	O
no	O
fixed	O
schema	B-Application
elsewhere	O
,	O
so	O
new	O
data	O
that	O
arrives	O
in	O
the	O
system	O
describes	O
itself	O
,	O
at	O
Item-level	O
granularity	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
EntityClass	O
and	O
Attribute	O
numbers	O
or	O
names	O
can	O
be	O
represented	O
in	O
extended	O
JSON	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
data	O
is	O
displayed	O
in	O
the	O
web-based	O
Client/Server	O
database	O
browser	O
,	O
it	O
can	O
be	O
viewed	O
,	O
manipulated	O
,	O
and	O
transferred	O
as	O
a	O
list	O
of	O
sorted	O
formatted	O
Items	O
,	O
or	O
as	O
JSON	B-General_Concept
documents	O
,	O
or	O
as	O
nestable	O
tables	O
whose	O
visible	O
structure	O
is	O
determined	O
by	O
the	O
EntityClass	O
and	O
Attributes	O
that	O
are	O
mixed	O
into	O
the	O
Items	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
dynamic	O
loose	O
flexibility	O
of	O
JSON	B-General_Concept
and	O
the	O
formality	O
of	O
tables	O
are	O
combined	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Each	O
InfinityDB	B-Application
instance	O
stores	O
data	O
into	O
a	O
single	O
database	O
file	O
and	O
does	O
not	O
require	O
additional	O
log	O
or	O
rollback	O
files	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
InfinityDB	B-Application
Client/Server	O
(	O
in	O
alpha-testing	O
state	O
)	O
features	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
client/server	O
system	O
for	O
secure	O
remote	O
shared	O
access	O
to	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
InfinityDB	B-Application
Embedded	B-Application
database	I-Application
files	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Back-end	O
web	O
secure	O
database	O
browsing	O
and	O
editing	O
with	O
tabular	O
,	O
JSON	B-General_Concept
,	O
and	O
ItemSpace	O
views	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Secure	O
RESTful	O
access	O
by	O
Python	O
and	O
bash	O
via	O
curl	O
for	O
JSON	B-General_Concept
and	O
BLOB	B-General_Concept
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Remote	O
access	O
by	O
Java	B-Language
programs	O
using	O
a	O
RemoteItemSpace	O
feature	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
InfinityDB	B-Application
Encrypted	O
(	O
Version	O
5	O
)	O
(	O
in	O
beta-testing	O
state	O
)	O
features	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
InfinityDB	B-Application
Embedded	O
(	O
version	O
4	O
)	O
features	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
JSON	B-General_Concept
printing/parsing	O
with	O
extensions	O
for	O
more	O
data	O
types	O
:	O
JSON	B-General_Concept
can	O
represent	O
any	O
ItemSpace	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AirConcurrentMap	O
is	O
a	O
Java	B-Language
ConcurrentNavigableMap	O
implementation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Better	O
memory	O
efficiency	O
than	O
all	O
standard	O
Java	B-Language
library	O
Maps	O
above	O
about	O
1K	O
Entries	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
proprietary	O
parallel	O
Map	O
scan	O
is	O
faster	O
than	O
that	O
for	O
Java	B-Language
1.8	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
forEach	O
is	O
faster	O
than	O
for	O
Java	B-Language
1.8	O
Maps	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
both	O
InfinityDB	B-Application
and	O
AirConcurrentMap	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Concurrent	O
,	O
multi-threaded	O
processing	O
on	O
multiple	O
cores	O
without	O
locks	O
increases	O
performance	O
on	O
multi-core	O
platforms	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
Intel	B-Device
i7	I-Device
by	O
approximately	O
seven	O
times	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Standard	O
Java	B-Language
Map	O
access	O
is	O
used	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
enhanced	O
java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentNavigable	O
interface	O
is	O
implemented	O
,	O
allowing	O
direct	O
substitution	O
into	O
any	O
existing	O
application	O
or	O
test	O
code	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Infinity	O
Database	O
Engine	O
was	O
first	O
deployed	O
in	O
Intel	B-Device
8088	I-Device
assembly	O
language	O
in	O
the	O
ROSCOR	O
sports	O
video	O
editor	O
(	O
RSVE	O
)	O
that	O
was	O
licensed	O
to	O
NFL	O
teams	O
in	O
the	O
1980s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Java	B-Language
version	O
2.0	O
added	O
transactionality	O
,	O
and	O
version	O
3.0	O
added	O
concurrency	O
features	O
which	O
are	O
patent	O
pending	O
,	O
and	O
apply	O
to	O
InfinityDB	B-Application
as	O
well	O
as	O
AirConcurrentMap	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Uses	O
of	O
the	O
all-JAVA	O
InfinityDB	B-Application
,	O
marketed	O
by	O
Boiler	O
Bay	O
Inc	O
.	O
since	O
2002	O
,	O
include	O
:	O
</s>
