<s>
An	O
immersive	B-General_Concept
virtual	I-General_Concept
musical	I-General_Concept
instrument	I-General_Concept
,	O
or	O
immersive	O
virtual	O
environment	O
for	O
music	O
and	O
sound	O
,	O
represents	O
sound	O
processes	O
and	O
their	O
parameters	O
as	O
3D	O
entities	O
of	O
a	O
virtual	B-Application
reality	I-Application
so	O
that	O
they	O
can	O
be	O
perceived	O
not	O
only	O
through	O
auditory	O
feedback	O
but	O
also	O
visually	O
in	O
3D	O
and	O
possibly	O
through	O
tactile	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
haptic	O
feedback	O
,	O
using	O
3D	O
interface	B-Architecture
metaphors	I-Architecture
consisting	O
of	O
interaction	B-Application
techniques	I-Application
such	O
as	O
navigation	O
,	O
selection	O
and	O
manipulation	O
(	O
NSM	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Florent	O
Berthaut	O
created	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
3D	O
reactive	O
widgets	O
involving	O
novel	O
representations	O
of	O
musical	O
events	O
and	O
sound	O
,	O
that	O
required	O
a	O
special	O
3D	O
input	O
device	O
to	O
interact	O
with	O
them	O
using	O
adapted	O
3D	O
interaction	B-Application
techniques	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Leonel	O
Valbom	O
created	O
a	O
3D	O
immersive	O
virtual	O
environment	O
with	O
visual	O
3D	O
representations	O
of	O
musical	O
events	O
and	O
audio	O
spatialization	O
with	O
which	O
could	O
be	O
interacted	O
using	O
NSM	O
interaction	B-Application
techniques	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Early	O
work	O
was	O
done	O
by	O
Jaron	O
Lanier	O
with	O
his	O
Chromatophoria	O
band	O
and	O
separately	O
by	O
Niko	O
Bolas	O
who	O
developed	O
the	O
Soundsculpt	O
Toolkit	O
,	O
a	O
software	O
interface	O
that	O
allows	O
the	O
world	O
of	O
music	O
to	O
communicate	O
with	O
the	O
graphical	O
elements	O
of	O
virtual	B-Application
reality	I-Application
.	O
</s>
