<s>
In	O
digital	O
photography	O
,	O
the	O
image	B-Algorithm
sensor	I-Algorithm
format	I-Algorithm
is	O
the	O
shape	O
and	O
size	O
of	O
the	O
image	B-Algorithm
sensor	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
image	B-Algorithm
sensor	I-Algorithm
format	I-Algorithm
of	O
a	O
digital	B-Device
camera	I-Device
determines	O
the	O
angle	O
of	O
view	O
of	O
a	O
particular	O
lens	O
when	O
used	O
with	O
a	O
particular	O
sensor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Because	O
the	O
image	B-Algorithm
sensors	I-Algorithm
in	O
many	O
digital	B-Device
cameras	I-Device
are	O
smaller	O
than	O
the	O
24mm	O
×	O
36mm	O
image	O
area	O
of	O
full-frame	B-Algorithm
35	O
mm	O
cameras	O
,	O
a	O
lens	O
of	O
a	O
given	O
focal	O
length	O
gives	O
a	O
narrower	O
field	O
of	O
view	O
in	O
such	O
cameras	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sensor	B-Algorithm
size	I-Algorithm
is	O
often	O
expressed	O
as	O
optical	B-Algorithm
format	I-Algorithm
in	O
inches	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
measures	O
are	O
also	O
used	O
;	O
see	O
table	O
of	O
sensor	B-Algorithm
formats	I-Algorithm
and	O
sizes	O
below	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Lenses	O
produced	O
for	O
35mm	O
film	O
cameras	O
may	O
mount	O
well	O
on	O
the	O
digital	O
bodies	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
larger	O
image	O
circle	O
of	O
the	O
35mm	O
system	O
lens	O
allows	O
unwanted	O
light	O
into	O
the	O
camera	O
body	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
smaller	O
size	O
of	O
the	O
image	B-Algorithm
sensor	I-Algorithm
compared	O
to	O
35mm	O
film	O
format	O
results	O
in	O
cropping	O
of	O
the	O
image	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
this	O
result	O
that	O
gives	O
rise	O
to	O
the	O
common	O
opinion	O
that	O
small	O
sensors	O
yield	B-Architecture
greater	O
depth	O
of	O
field	O
than	O
large	O
ones	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
change	O
in	O
depth	O
of	O
field	O
is	O
brought	O
about	O
by	O
the	O
requirement	O
for	O
a	O
different	O
degree	O
of	O
enlargement	O
to	O
achieve	O
the	O
same	O
final	O
image	B-Algorithm
size	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
practice	O
,	O
if	O
applying	O
a	O
lens	O
with	O
a	O
fixed	O
focal	O
length	O
and	O
a	O
fixed	O
aperture	O
and	O
made	O
for	O
an	O
image	O
circle	O
to	O
meet	O
the	O
requirements	O
for	O
a	O
large	O
sensor	O
is	O
to	O
be	O
adapted	O
,	O
without	O
changing	O
its	O
physical	O
properties	O
,	O
to	O
smaller	O
sensor	B-Algorithm
sizes	I-Algorithm
neither	O
the	O
depth	O
of	O
field	O
nor	O
the	O
light	O
gathering	O
will	O
change	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Discounting	O
photo	B-Algorithm
response	I-Algorithm
non-uniformity	I-Algorithm
(	O
PRNU	B-Algorithm
)	O
and	O
dark	O
noise	O
variation	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
not	O
intrinsically	O
sensor-size	O
dependent	O
,	O
the	O
noises	O
in	O
an	O
image	B-Algorithm
sensor	I-Algorithm
are	O
shot	O
noise	O
,	O
read	O
noise	O
,	O
and	O
dark	O
noise	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Each	O
of	O
these	O
noises	O
has	O
a	O
different	O
dependency	O
on	O
sensor	B-Algorithm
size	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Image	B-Algorithm
sensor	I-Algorithm
noise	O
can	O
be	O
compared	O
across	O
formats	O
for	O
a	O
given	O
fixed	O
photon	O
flux	O
per	O
pixel	O
area	O
(	O
the	O
P	O
in	O
the	O
formulas	O
)	O
;	O
this	O
analysis	O
is	O
useful	O
for	O
a	O
fixed	O
number	O
of	O
pixels	O
with	O
pixel	O
area	O
proportional	O
to	O
sensor	O
area	O
,	O
and	O
fixed	O
absolute	O
aperture	O
diameter	O
for	O
a	O
fixed	O
imaging	O
situation	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
depth	O
of	O
field	O
,	O
diffraction	O
limit	O
at	O
the	O
subject	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Thus	O
for	O
equal	O
exposures	O
,	O
the	O
signal	O
to	O
noise	O
ratios	O
of	O
two	O
different	O
size	O
sensors	O
of	O
equal	O
quantum	O
efficiency	O
and	O
pixel	O
count	O
will	O
(	O
for	O
a	O
given	O
final	O
image	B-Algorithm
size	I-Algorithm
)	O
be	O
in	O
proportion	O
to	O
the	O
square	O
root	O
of	O
the	O
sensor	O
area	O
(	O
or	O
the	O
linear	O
scale	O
factor	O
of	O
the	O
sensor	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
good	O
cell	O
phone	O
camera	O
with	O
typical	O
pixel	O
size	O
1.1	O
μm	O
(	O
Samsung	B-Application
A8	O
)	O
would	O
have	O
about	O
3	O
times	O
worse	O
SNR	O
due	O
to	O
shot	O
noise	O
than	O
a	O
3.7	O
μm	O
pixel	O
interchangeable	O
lens	O
camera	O
(	O
Panasonic	O
G85	O
)	O
and	O
5	O
times	O
worse	O
than	O
a	O
6	O
μm	O
full	O
frame	O
camera	O
(	O
Sony	O
A7	O
III	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
given	O
,	O
for	O
an	O
active	B-Architecture
pixel	I-Architecture
sensor	I-Architecture
,	O
by	O
the	O
voltage	O
at	O
the	O
input	O
(	O
gate	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
read	O
transistor	O
divided	O
by	O
the	O
charge	O
which	O
generates	O
that	O
voltage	O
,	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
image	B-Algorithm
sensor	I-Algorithm
literature	O
,	O
the	O
noise	O
floor	O
is	O
taken	O
as	O
the	O
readout	O
noise	O
,	O
so	O
(	O
note	O
,	O
the	O
read	O
noise	O
is	O
the	O
same	O
quantity	O
as	O
referred	O
to	O
in	O
the	O
SNR	O
calculation	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
considering	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
sensor	B-Algorithm
size	I-Algorithm
,	O
and	O
its	O
effect	O
on	O
the	O
final	O
image	O
,	O
the	O
different	O
magnification	O
required	O
to	O
obtain	O
the	O
same	O
size	O
image	O
for	O
viewing	O
must	O
be	O
accounted	O
for	O
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
an	O
additional	O
scale	O
factor	O
of	O
where	O
is	O
the	O
relative	O
crop	O
factor	O
,	O
making	O
the	O
overall	O
scale	O
factor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
the	O
'	O
same	O
picture	O
 '	O
conditions	O
,	O
same	O
angle	O
of	O
view	O
,	O
subject	O
distance	O
and	O
depth	O
of	O
field	O
,	O
then	O
the	O
F-numbers	O
are	O
in	O
the	O
ratio	O
,	O
so	O
the	O
scale	O
factor	O
for	O
the	O
diffraction	O
MTF	O
is	O
1	O
,	O
leading	O
to	O
the	O
conclusion	O
that	O
the	O
diffraction	O
MTF	O
at	O
a	O
given	O
depth	O
of	O
field	O
is	O
independent	O
of	O
sensor	B-Algorithm
size	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
might	O
be	O
expected	O
that	O
lenses	O
appropriate	O
for	O
a	O
range	O
of	O
sensor	B-Algorithm
sizes	I-Algorithm
could	O
be	O
produced	O
by	O
simply	O
scaling	O
the	O
same	O
designs	O
in	O
proportion	O
to	O
the	O
crop	O
factor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
summary	O
,	O
as	O
sensor	B-Algorithm
size	I-Algorithm
reduces	O
,	O
the	O
accompanying	O
lens	O
designs	O
will	O
change	O
,	O
often	O
quite	O
radically	O
,	O
to	O
take	O
advantage	O
of	O
manufacturing	O
techniques	O
made	O
available	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
reduced	O
size	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
lenses	O
are	O
often	O
very	O
large	O
in	O
relation	O
to	O
sensor	B-Algorithm
size	I-Algorithm
,	O
but	O
with	O
a	O
small	O
sensor	O
can	O
be	O
fitted	O
into	O
a	O
compact	O
package	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Small	O
body	O
means	O
small	O
lens	O
and	O
means	O
small	O
sensor	O
,	O
so	O
to	O
keep	O
smartphones	B-Application
slim	O
and	O
light	O
,	O
the	O
smartphone	B-Application
manufacturers	O
use	O
a	O
tiny	O
sensor	O
usually	O
less	O
than	O
the	O
1/2.3	O
"	O
used	O
in	O
most	O
bridge	B-Device
cameras	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
one	O
time	O
only	O
Nokia	B-Language
808	I-Language
PureView	I-Language
used	O
a	O
1/1.2	O
"	O
sensor	O
,	O
almost	O
three	O
times	O
the	O
size	O
of	O
a	O
1/2.3	O
"	O
sensor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
improvements	O
in	O
sensor	O
technology	O
allow	O
smartphone	B-Application
manufacturers	O
to	O
use	O
image	B-Algorithm
sensors	I-Algorithm
as	O
small	O
as	O
1/4	O
"	O
without	O
sacrificing	O
too	O
much	O
image	O
quality	O
compared	O
to	O
budget	O
point	O
&	O
shoot	O
cameras	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
active	O
area	O
may	O
be	O
smaller	O
than	O
the	O
image	B-Algorithm
sensor	I-Algorithm
,	O
and	O
active	O
area	O
can	O
differ	O
in	O
different	O
modes	O
of	O
operation	O
of	O
the	O
same	O
camera	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Semiconductor	O
image	B-Algorithm
sensors	I-Algorithm
can	O
suffer	O
from	O
shading	O
effects	O
at	O
large	O
apertures	O
and	O
at	O
the	O
periphery	O
of	O
the	O
image	O
field	O
,	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
geometry	O
of	O
the	O
light	O
cone	O
projected	O
from	O
the	O
exit	O
pupil	O
of	O
the	O
lens	O
to	O
a	O
point	O
,	O
or	O
pixel	O
,	O
on	O
the	O
sensor	O
surface	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
may	O
include	O
simplified	O
pixel	O
designs	O
which	O
require	O
less	O
metallisation	O
,	O
'	O
light	O
pipes	O
 '	O
built	O
within	O
the	O
pixel	O
to	O
bring	O
its	O
apparent	O
surface	O
closer	O
to	O
the	O
microlens	O
and	O
'	O
back	B-Algorithm
side	I-Algorithm
illumination	I-Algorithm
 '	O
in	O
which	O
the	O
wafer	B-Architecture
is	O
thinned	O
to	O
expose	O
the	O
rear	O
of	O
the	O
photodetectors	O
and	O
the	O
microlens	O
layer	O
is	O
placed	O
directly	O
on	O
that	O
surface	O
,	O
rather	O
than	O
the	O
front	O
side	O
with	O
its	O
wiring	O
layers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
professional	O
DSLRs	O
,	O
SLTs	B-Device
and	O
mirrorless	B-Device
cameras	I-Device
use	O
full-frame	B-Algorithm
sensors	O
,	O
equivalent	O
to	O
the	O
size	O
of	O
a	O
frame	O
of	O
35mm	O
film	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
consumer-level	O
DSLRs	O
,	O
SLTs	B-Device
and	O
mirrorless	B-Device
cameras	I-Device
use	O
relatively	O
large	O
sensors	O
,	O
either	O
somewhat	O
under	O
the	O
size	O
of	O
a	O
frame	O
of	O
APS-C	B-Algorithm
film	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
crop	O
factor	O
of	O
1.5	O
–	O
1.6	O
;	O
or	O
30%	O
smaller	O
than	O
that	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
crop	O
factor	O
of	O
2.0	O
(	O
this	O
is	O
the	O
Four	B-Architecture
Thirds	I-Architecture
System	I-Architecture
,	O
adopted	O
by	O
Olympus	O
and	O
Panasonic	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
there	O
is	O
only	O
one	O
mirrorless	B-Device
model	O
equipped	O
with	O
a	O
very	O
small	O
sensor	O
,	O
more	O
typical	O
of	O
compact	O
cameras	O
:	O
the	O
Pentax	B-Algorithm
Q7	I-Algorithm
,	O
with	O
a	O
1/1.7	O
"	O
sensor	O
(	O
4.55	O
crop	O
factor	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
See	O
Sensors	O
equipping	O
Compact	O
digital	B-Device
cameras	I-Device
and	O
camera-phones	O
section	O
below	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
different	O
terms	O
are	O
used	O
in	O
marketing	O
to	O
describe	O
DSLR/SLT/mirrorless	O
sensor	B-Algorithm
formats	I-Algorithm
,	O
including	O
the	O
following	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
860mm²	O
area	O
Full-frame	B-Algorithm
digital	I-Algorithm
SLR	I-Algorithm
format	O
,	O
with	O
sensor	O
dimensions	O
nearly	O
equal	O
to	O
those	O
of	O
35	O
mm	O
film	O
(	O
36×24mm	O
)	O
from	O
Pentax	B-Application
,	O
Panasonic	O
,	O
Leica	O
,	O
Nikon	B-Algorithm
,	O
Canon	O
,	O
Sony	O
and	O
announced	O
in	O
2018	O
by	O
Sigma	O
as	O
upcoming	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
370mm²	O
area	O
APS-C	B-Algorithm
standard	O
format	O
from	O
Nikon	B-Algorithm
,	O
Pentax	B-Application
,	O
Sony	O
,	O
Fujifilm	O
,	O
Sigma	O
(	O
crop	O
factor	O
1.5	O
)	O
(	O
Actual	O
APS-C	B-Algorithm
film	O
is	O
bigger	O
,	O
however	O
.	O
)	O
</s>
<s>
Obsolescent	O
and	O
out-of-production	O
sensor	B-Algorithm
sizes	I-Algorithm
include	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
548mm²	O
area	O
Leica	O
's	O
M8	B-Algorithm
and	I-Algorithm
M8.2	I-Algorithm
sensor	O
(	O
crop	O
factor	O
1.33	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Current	O
M-series	O
sensors	O
are	O
effectively	O
full-frame	B-Algorithm
(	O
crop	O
factor	O
1.0	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Current	O
1D/5D	O
-series	O
sensors	O
are	O
effectively	O
full-frame	B-Algorithm
(	O
crop	O
factor	O
1.0	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
370mm²	O
area	O
APS-C	B-Algorithm
crop	O
factor	O
1.5	O
format	O
from	O
Epson	B-Algorithm
,	O
Samsung	B-Algorithm
NX	I-Algorithm
,	O
Konica	O
Minolta	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
286mm²	O
area	O
Foveon	B-Algorithm
X3	I-Algorithm
format	O
used	O
in	O
Sigma	O
SD-series	O
DSLRs	O
and	O
DP-series	O
mirrorless	B-Device
(	O
crop	O
factor	O
1.7	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Later	O
models	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
SD1	B-Device
,	O
DP2	B-Algorithm
Merrill	I-Algorithm
and	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
Quattro	O
series	O
use	O
a	O
crop	O
factor	O
1.5	O
Foveon	O
sensor	O
;	O
the	O
even	O
more	O
recent	O
Quattro	O
H	O
mirrorless	B-Device
uses	O
an	O
APS-H	O
Foveon	O
sensor	O
with	O
a	O
1.35	O
crop	O
factor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
30mm²	O
area	O
1/2.3	O
"	O
original	O
Pentax	B-Algorithm
Q	I-Algorithm
(	O
5.6	O
crop	O
factor	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
full-frame	B-Algorithm
sensors	O
were	O
first	O
introduced	O
,	O
production	O
costs	O
could	O
exceed	O
twenty	O
times	O
the	O
cost	O
of	O
an	O
APS-C	B-Algorithm
sensor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Only	O
twenty	O
full-frame	B-Algorithm
sensors	O
can	O
be	O
produced	O
on	O
an	O
silicon	B-Architecture
wafer	I-Architecture
,	O
which	O
would	O
fit	O
100	O
or	O
more	O
APS-C	B-Algorithm
sensors	O
,	O
and	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
significant	O
reduction	O
in	O
yield	B-Architecture
due	O
to	O
the	O
large	O
area	O
for	O
contaminants	O
per	O
component	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Additionally	O
,	O
full	O
frame	O
sensor	O
fabrication	B-Architecture
originally	O
required	O
three	O
separate	O
exposures	O
during	O
each	O
step	O
of	O
the	O
photolithography	B-Algorithm
process	O
,	O
which	O
requires	O
separate	O
masks	O
and	O
quality	O
control	O
steps	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Newer	O
photolithography	B-Algorithm
equipment	O
now	O
allows	O
single-pass	O
exposures	O
for	O
full-frame	B-Algorithm
sensors	O
,	O
although	O
other	O
size-related	O
production	O
constraints	O
remain	O
much	O
the	O
same	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Due	O
to	O
the	O
ever-changing	O
constraints	O
of	O
semiconductor	B-Architecture
fabrication	I-Architecture
and	O
processing	O
,	O
and	O
because	O
camera	O
manufacturers	O
often	O
source	O
sensors	O
from	O
third-party	O
foundries	B-Algorithm
,	O
it	O
is	O
common	O
for	O
sensor	O
dimensions	O
to	O
vary	O
slightly	O
within	O
the	O
same	O
nominal	O
format	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
the	O
Nikon	B-Algorithm
D3	I-Algorithm
and	O
D700	B-Algorithm
cameras	O
 '	O
nominally	O
full-frame	B-Algorithm
sensors	O
actually	O
measure	O
36	O
×	O
23.9mm	O
,	O
slightly	O
smaller	O
than	O
a	O
36	O
×	O
24mm	O
frame	O
of	O
35mm	O
film	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
another	O
example	O
,	O
the	O
Pentax	B-Algorithm
K200D	I-Algorithm
's	O
sensor	O
(	O
made	O
by	O
Sony	O
)	O
measures	O
23.5	O
×	O
15.7mm	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
contemporaneous	O
K20D	B-Algorithm
's	O
sensor	O
(	O
made	O
by	O
Samsung	B-Application
)	O
measures	O
23.4	O
×	O
15.6mm	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
of	O
these	O
image	B-Algorithm
sensor	I-Algorithm
formats	I-Algorithm
approximate	O
the	O
3:2	O
aspect	O
ratio	O
of	O
35mm	O
film	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Again	O
,	O
the	O
Four	B-Architecture
Thirds	I-Architecture
System	I-Architecture
is	O
a	O
notable	O
exception	O
,	O
with	O
an	O
aspect	O
ratio	O
of	O
4:3	O
as	O
seen	O
in	O
most	O
compact	O
digital	B-Device
cameras	I-Device
(	O
see	O
below	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
sensors	O
are	O
made	O
for	O
camera	O
phones	O
,	O
compact	O
digital	B-Device
cameras	I-Device
,	O
and	O
bridge	B-Device
cameras	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
image	B-Algorithm
sensors	I-Algorithm
equipping	O
compact	O
cameras	O
have	O
an	O
aspect	O
ratio	O
of	O
4:3	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
matches	O
the	O
aspect	O
ratio	O
of	O
the	O
popular	O
SVGA	O
,	O
XGA	B-Device
,	O
and	O
SXGA	O
display	O
resolutions	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
the	O
first	O
digital	B-Device
cameras	I-Device
,	O
allowing	O
images	O
to	O
be	O
displayed	O
on	O
usual	O
monitors	O
without	O
cropping	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
most	O
compact	O
digital	B-Device
cameras	I-Device
used	O
small	O
1/2.3	O
"	O
sensors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Such	O
cameras	O
include	O
Canon	O
Powershot	O
SX230	O
IS	O
,	O
Fuji	O
Finepix	O
Z90	O
and	O
Nikon	B-Algorithm
Coolpix	O
S9100	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
older	O
digital	B-Device
cameras	I-Device
(	O
mostly	O
from	O
2005	O
–	O
2010	O
)	O
used	O
even	O
smaller	O
1/2.5	O
"	O
sensors	O
:	O
these	O
include	O
Panasonic	O
Lumix	O
DMC-FS62	O
,	O
Canon	O
Powershot	O
SX120	O
IS	O
,	O
Sony	O
Cyber-shot	O
DSC-S700	O
,	O
and	O
Casio	O
Exilim	O
EX-Z80	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Canon	O
has	O
APS-C	B-Algorithm
sensor	O
on	O
its	O
top	O
model	O
PowerShot	O
G1	O
X	O
Mark	O
III	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Finally	O
,	O
Sony	O
has	O
the	O
DSC-RX1	O
and	O
DSC-RX1R	O
cameras	O
in	O
their	O
lineup	O
,	O
which	O
have	O
a	O
full-frame	B-Algorithm
sensor	O
usually	O
only	O
used	O
in	O
professional	O
DSLRs	O
,	O
SLTs	B-Device
and	O
MILCs	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Due	O
to	O
the	O
size	O
constraints	O
of	O
powerful	O
zoom	O
objectives	O
,	O
most	O
current	O
bridge	B-Device
cameras	I-Device
have	O
1/2.3	O
"	O
sensors	O
,	O
as	O
small	O
as	O
those	O
used	O
in	O
common	O
more	O
compact	O
cameras	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
lens	O
sizes	O
are	O
proportional	O
to	O
the	O
image	B-Algorithm
sensor	I-Algorithm
size	I-Algorithm
,	O
smaller	O
sensors	O
enable	O
large	O
zoom	O
amounts	O
with	O
moderate	O
size	O
lenses	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2011	O
the	O
high-end	O
Fujifilm	B-Algorithm
X-S1	I-Algorithm
was	O
equipped	O
with	O
a	O
much	O
larger	O
2/3	O
"	O
sensor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2013	O
–	O
2014	O
,	O
both	O
Sony	O
(	O
Cyber-shot	B-Algorithm
DSC-RX10	I-Algorithm
)	O
and	O
Panasonic	O
(	O
Lumix	B-Algorithm
DMC-FZ1000	I-Algorithm
)	O
produced	O
bridge	B-Device
cameras	I-Device
with	O
1	O
"	O
sensors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sensor	B-Algorithm
sizes	I-Algorithm
of	O
around	O
1/6	O
"	O
are	O
common	O
in	O
camera	O
phones	O
,	O
webcams	B-Protocol
and	O
digital	O
camcorders	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Nokia	B-Language
N8	I-Language
's	O
1/1.83	O
"	O
sensor	O
was	O
the	O
largest	O
in	O
a	O
phone	O
in	O
late	O
2011	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Nokia	B-Language
808	I-Language
surpasses	O
compact	O
cameras	O
with	O
its	O
41	O
million	O
pixels	O
,	O
1/1.2	O
"	O
sensor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
the	O
traditional	O
medium	O
format	O
120	O
film	O
usually	O
had	O
one	O
side	O
with	O
6cm	O
length	O
(	O
the	O
other	O
varying	O
from	O
4.5	O
to	O
24cm	O
)	O
,	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
digital	O
sensor	B-Algorithm
sizes	I-Algorithm
described	O
below	O
are	O
approximately	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
roughly	O
twice	O
the	O
size	O
of	O
a	O
Full-frame	B-Algorithm
digital	I-Algorithm
SLR	I-Algorithm
sensor	B-Algorithm
format	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2010	O
,	O
Pentax	B-Application
released	O
the	O
40MP	O
645D	O
medium	O
format	O
DSLR	O
with	O
a	O
CCD	B-Algorithm
sensor	I-Algorithm
;	O
later	O
models	O
of	O
the	O
645	O
series	O
kept	O
the	O
same	O
sensor	B-Algorithm
size	I-Algorithm
but	O
replaced	O
the	O
CCD	O
with	O
a	O
CMOS	B-Architecture
sensor	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2016	O
,	O
Hasselblad	B-Algorithm
announced	O
the	O
X1D	O
,	O
a	O
50MP	O
medium-format	O
mirrorless	B-Device
camera	I-Device
,	O
with	O
a	O
CMOS	B-Architecture
sensor	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
late	O
2016	O
,	O
Fujifilm	O
also	O
announced	O
its	O
new	O
Fujifilm	B-Algorithm
GFX	I-Algorithm
50S	I-Algorithm
medium	O
format	O
,	O
mirrorless	B-Device
entry	O
into	O
the	O
market	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
CMOS	B-Architecture
sensor	I-Architecture
and	O
51.4MP	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sensor	B-Algorithm
sizes	I-Algorithm
are	O
expressed	O
in	O
inches	O
notation	O
because	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
the	O
popularization	O
of	O
digital	B-Algorithm
image	I-Algorithm
sensors	I-Algorithm
they	O
were	O
used	O
to	O
replace	O
video	O
camera	O
tubes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Current	O
digital	B-Algorithm
image	I-Algorithm
sensor	I-Algorithm
size	O
descriptors	O
are	O
the	O
video	O
camera	O
tube	O
equivalency	O
size	O
,	O
not	O
the	O
actual	O
size	O
of	O
the	O
sensor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
"	O
optical	B-Algorithm
format	I-Algorithm
"	O
measure	O
goes	O
back	O
to	O
the	O
way	O
image	B-Algorithm
sizes	I-Algorithm
of	O
video	O
cameras	O
used	O
until	O
the	O
late	O
1980s	O
were	O
expressed	O
,	O
referring	O
to	O
the	O
outside	O
diameter	O
of	O
the	O
glass	O
envelope	O
of	O
the	O
video	O
camera	O
tube	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
David	O
Pogue	O
of	O
The	O
New	O
York	O
Times	O
states	O
that	O
"	O
the	O
actual	O
sensor	B-Algorithm
size	I-Algorithm
is	O
much	O
smaller	O
than	O
what	O
the	O
camera	O
companies	O
publish	O
–	O
about	O
one-third	O
smaller.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
Instead	O
of	O
"	O
formats	O
"	O
,	O
these	O
sensor	B-Algorithm
sizes	I-Algorithm
are	O
often	O
called	O
types	O
,	O
as	O
in	O
"	O
1/2	O
-inch-type	O
CCD.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
Due	O
to	O
inch-based	O
sensor	B-Algorithm
formats	I-Algorithm
not	O
being	O
standardized	O
,	O
their	O
exact	O
dimensions	O
may	O
vary	O
,	O
but	O
those	O
listed	O
are	O
typical	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
listed	O
sensor	O
areas	O
span	O
more	O
than	O
a	O
factor	O
of	O
1000	O
and	O
are	O
proportional	O
to	O
the	O
maximum	O
possible	O
collection	O
of	O
light	O
and	O
image	B-Algorithm
resolution	I-Algorithm
(	O
same	O
lens	O
speed	O
,	O
i.e.	O
,	O
minimum	O
F-number	O
)	O
,	O
but	O
in	O
practice	O
are	O
not	O
directly	O
proportional	O
to	O
image	B-Algorithm
noise	I-Algorithm
or	O
resolution	O
due	O
to	O
other	O
limitations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
application	O
examples	O
of	O
phone	O
or	O
camera	O
may	O
not	O
show	O
the	O
exact	O
sensor	B-Algorithm
sizes	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Computed	O
as	O
Crop	O
factorDefined	O
here	O
as	O
the	O
ratio	O
of	O
the	O
diagonal	O
of	O
a	O
full	O
35	O
frame	O
to	O
that	O
of	O
the	O
sensor	B-Algorithm
format	I-Algorithm
,	O
that	O
is	O
.1/10	O
"	O
1.601.280.964:31.23-9.4627.041/8	O
"	O
2.001.601.204:31.92-8.8121.651/6	O
"	O
(	O
Panasonic	O
SDR-H20	O
,	O
SDR-H200	O
)	O
3.002.401.804:34.32-7.6414.141/4	O
"	O
4.503.602.704:39.72-6.4710.811/3.6	O
"	O
(	O
Nokia	B-Application
Lumia	I-Application
720	I-Application
)	O
5.004.003.004:312.0-6.178.651/3.2	O
"	O
(	O
iPhone	B-Operating_System
5	I-Operating_System
)	O
5.684.543.424:315.50-5.807.611/3.09	O
"	O
Sony	O
EXMOR	B-Device
IMX3515.824.663.54:316.3-5.737.43Standard	O
8	O
mm	O
film	O
frame5.944.83.511:816.8-5.687.281/3	O
"	O
(	O
iPhone	B-Operating_System
5S	I-Operating_System
,	O
iPhone	B-Operating_System
6	I-Operating_System
,	O
LG	B-Application
G3	I-Application
)	O
6.004.803.604:317.30-5.647.211/2.9	O
"	O
Sony	O
EXMOR	B-Device
IMX3226.234.983.744:318.63-5.546.921/2.7	O
"	O
Fujifilm	O
2800	O
Zoom6.725.374.044:321.70-5.326.44Super	O
8	O
mm	O
film	O
frame7.045.794.0113:923.22-5.226.151/2.5	O
"	O
(	O
Nokia	B-Application
Lumia	I-Application
1520	I-Application
,	O
Sony	O
Cyber-shot	O
DSC-T5	O
,	O
iPhone	B-Operating_System
XS	I-Operating_System
)	O
7.185.764.294:324.70-5.136.021/2.3	O
"	O
(	O
Pentax	B-Algorithm
Q	I-Algorithm
,	O
Sony	O
Cyber-shot	O
DSC-W330	O
,	O
GoPro	B-Device
HERO3	O
,	O
Panasonic	O
HX-A500	O
,	O
Google	O
Pixel/Pixel	O
+	O
,	O
DJI	O
Phantom	O
3/Mavic	O
2	O
Zoom	O
)	O
,	O
Nikon	O
P1000/P9007.666.174.554:328.50-4.945.641/2.3	O
"	O
Sony	O
Exmor	B-Device
IMX220	O
7.876.304.724:329.73-4.865.491/2	O
"	O
(	O
Fujifilm	B-Algorithm
HS30EXR	I-Algorithm
,	O
Xiaomi	B-Application
Mi	I-Application
9	I-Application
,	O
OnePlus	B-Application
7	I-Application
,	O
Espros	O
EPC	O
660	O
,	O
DJI	O
Mavic	O
Air	O
2	O
)	O
8.006.404.804:330.70-4.815.411/1.8	O
"	O
(	O
Nokia	B-Language
N8	I-Language
)	O
(	O
Olympus	O
C-5050	O
,	O
C-5060	O
,	O
C-7070	O
)	O
8.937.185.324:338.20-4.504.841/1.7	O
"	O
(	O
Pentax	B-Algorithm
Q7	I-Algorithm
,	O
Canon	O
G10	O
,	O
G15	O
,	O
Huawei	B-Application
P20	I-Application
Pro	I-Application
,	O
Huawei	B-Application
P30	I-Application
Pro	I-Application
,	O
Huawei	B-Application
Mate	I-Application
20	I-Application
Pro	I-Application
)	O
9.507.605.704:343.30-4.324.551/1.6	O
"	O
(	O
Fujifilm	O
f200exr	O
)	O
10.078.086.014:348.56-4.154.302/3	O
"	O
(	O
Nokia	B-Device
Lumia	I-Device
1020	I-Device
,	O
Fujifilm	O
X10	O
,	O
X20	O
,	O
XF1	O
)	O
11.008.806.604:358.10-3.893.931/1.33	O
"	O
(	O
Samsung	B-Application
Galaxy	I-Application
S20	I-Application
Ultra	I-Application
)	O
129.67.24:369.12-3.643.58Standard	O
16	O
mm	O
film	O
frame12.7010.267.4911:876.85-3.493.411/1.2	O
"	O
(	O
Nokia	B-Language
808	I-Language
PureView	I-Language
)	O
13.3310.678.004:385.33-3.343.241/1.12	O
"	O
(	O
Xiaomi	B-Application
Mi	I-Application
11	I-Application
Ultra	I-Application
)	O
14.2911.438.574:397.96	O
??	O
</s>
