<s>
The	O
study	O
of	O
image	B-Algorithm
formation	I-Algorithm
encompasses	O
the	O
radiometric	O
and	O
geometric	O
processes	O
by	O
which	O
2D	O
images	O
of	O
3D	O
objects	O
are	O
formed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
digital	B-Algorithm
images	I-Algorithm
,	O
the	O
image	B-Algorithm
formation	I-Algorithm
process	O
also	O
includes	O
analog	O
to	O
digital	O
conversion	O
and	O
sampling	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
spatial	O
extent	O
of	O
the	O
image	O
surface	O
and	O
the	O
focal	B-Algorithm
length	I-Algorithm
of	O
the	O
lens	O
determines	O
the	O
field	O
of	O
view	O
of	O
the	O
lens	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Image	B-Algorithm
formation	I-Algorithm
of	O
mirror	O
these	O
have	O
a	O
center	O
of	O
curvature	O
and	O
its	O
focal	B-Algorithm
length	I-Algorithm
of	O
the	O
mirror	O
is	O
half	O
of	O
the	O
center	O
of	O
curvature	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
BRDF	O
of	O
a	O
surface	O
is	O
the	O
ratio	O
of	O
the	O
exiting	O
power	O
per	O
square	O
meter	O
per	O
steradian	O
(	O
radiance	B-Application
)	O
to	O
the	O
incident	O
power	O
per	O
square	O
meter	O
(	O
irradiance	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Field	O
of	O
view	O
of	O
a	O
lens	O
is	O
limited	O
by	O
the	O
size	O
of	O
the	O
image	O
plane	O
and	O
the	O
focal	B-Algorithm
length	I-Algorithm
of	O
the	O
lens	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
relationship	O
between	O
a	O
location	O
on	O
the	O
image	O
and	O
a	O
location	O
on	O
the	O
object	O
is	O
y	O
=	O
f*	O
tan(θ )	O
,	O
where	O
y	O
is	O
the	O
max	O
extent	O
of	O
the	O
image	O
plane	O
,	O
f	O
is	O
the	O
focal	B-Algorithm
length	I-Algorithm
of	O
the	O
lens	O
and	O
θ	O
is	O
the	O
field	O
of	O
view	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
cone	O
of	O
the	O
focused	O
light	O
at	O
the	O
image	O
plane	O
is	O
set	O
by	O
the	O
size	O
of	O
the	O
entrance	O
pupil	O
and	O
the	O
focal	B-Algorithm
length	I-Algorithm
of	O
the	O
lens	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
color	B-Algorithm
images	I-Algorithm
,	O
a	O
mosaic	B-Algorithm
color	I-Algorithm
filter	I-Algorithm
is	O
typically	O
placed	O
over	O
the	O
pixels	O
to	O
create	O
a	O
color	B-Algorithm
image	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
example	O
is	O
a	O
Bayer	B-Algorithm
filter	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Color	B-Algorithm
images	I-Algorithm
can	O
be	O
perceived	O
via	O
two	O
means	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
distance	O
between	O
the	O
center	O
of	O
the	O
lens	O
and	O
the	O
retina	O
(	O
focal	B-Algorithm
length	I-Algorithm
)	O
varies	O
from	O
approximately	O
17mm	O
to	O
about	O
14mm	O
,	O
as	O
the	O
refractive	O
power	O
of	O
the	O
lens	O
increases	O
from	O
its	O
minimum	O
to	O
its	O
maximum	O
.	O
</s>
