<s>
ImageJ	B-Language
is	O
a	O
Java-based	O
image	B-Algorithm
processing	I-Algorithm
program	O
developed	O
at	O
the	O
National	O
Institutes	O
of	O
Health	O
and	O
the	O
Laboratory	O
for	O
Optical	O
and	O
Computational	O
Instrumentation	O
(	O
LOCI	O
,	O
University	O
of	O
Wisconsin	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Its	O
first	O
version	O
,	O
ImageJ	B-Language
1.x	O
,	O
is	O
developed	O
in	O
the	O
public	O
domain	O
,	O
while	O
ImageJ2	B-Language
and	O
the	O
related	O
projects	O
SciJava	O
,	O
ImgLib2	O
,	O
and	O
SCIFIO	O
are	O
licensed	O
with	O
a	O
permissive	O
BSD-2	B-Operating_System
license	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
ImageJ	B-Language
was	O
designed	O
with	O
an	O
open	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
that	O
provides	O
extensibility	B-Architecture
via	O
Java	B-Language
plugins	B-Application
and	O
recordable	O
macros	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Custom	O
acquisition	O
,	O
analysis	O
and	O
processing	O
plugins	B-Application
can	O
be	O
developed	O
using	O
ImageJ	B-Language
's	O
built-in	O
editor	O
and	O
a	O
Java	B-Language
compiler	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
User-written	O
plugins	B-Application
make	O
it	O
possible	O
to	O
solve	O
many	O
image	B-Algorithm
processing	I-Algorithm
and	O
analysis	O
problems	O
,	O
from	O
three-dimensional	O
live-cell	O
imaging	O
to	O
radiological	O
image	B-Algorithm
processing	I-Algorithm
,	O
multiple	O
imaging	O
system	O
data	O
comparisons	O
to	O
automated	O
hematology	O
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ImageJ	B-Language
's	O
plugin	B-Application
architecture	O
and	O
built-in	O
development	O
environment	O
has	O
made	O
it	O
a	O
popular	O
platform	O
for	O
teaching	O
image	B-Algorithm
processing	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
ImageJ	B-Language
can	O
be	O
run	O
as	O
an	O
online	O
applet	B-Language
,	O
a	O
downloadable	O
application	O
,	O
or	O
on	O
any	O
computer	O
with	O
a	O
Java	B-Language
5	O
or	O
later	O
virtual	B-Architecture
machine	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
Downloadable	O
distributions	O
are	O
available	O
for	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
,	O
the	O
classic	B-Application
Mac	I-Application
OS	I-Application
,	O
macOS	B-Operating_System
,	O
Linux	B-Application
,	O
and	O
the	O
Sharp	B-Operating_System
Zaurus	I-Operating_System
PDA	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
source	O
code	O
for	O
ImageJ	B-Language
is	O
freely	O
available	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ImageJ	B-Language
can	O
display	O
,	O
edit	O
,	O
analyze	O
,	O
process	O
,	O
save	O
,	O
and	O
print	O
8-bit	B-Data_Structure
color	I-Data_Structure
and	O
grayscale	O
,	O
16-bit	O
integer	O
,	O
and	O
32-bit	O
floating	O
point	O
images	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
can	O
read	O
many	O
image	O
file	O
formats	O
,	O
including	O
TIFF	O
,	O
PNG	O
,	O
GIF	O
,	O
JPEG	O
,	O
BMP	B-Device
,	O
DICOM	B-Algorithm
,	O
and	O
FITS	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
raw	O
formats	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ImageJ	B-Language
supports	O
image	O
stacks	O
,	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
images	O
that	O
share	O
a	O
single	O
window	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
is	O
multithreaded	B-General_Concept
,	O
so	O
time-consuming	O
operations	O
can	O
be	O
performed	O
in	O
parallel	O
on	O
multi-CPU	O
hardware	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ImageJ	B-Language
can	O
calculate	O
area	O
and	O
pixel	O
value	O
statistics	O
of	O
user-defined	O
selections	O
and	O
intensity-thresholded	O
objects	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
can	O
create	O
density	O
histograms	B-Algorithm
and	O
line	B-Application
profile	I-Application
plots	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
supports	O
standard	O
image	B-Algorithm
processing	I-Algorithm
functions	O
such	O
as	O
logical	O
and	O
arithmetical	O
operations	O
between	O
images	O
,	O
contrast	O
manipulation	O
,	O
convolution	B-Language
,	O
Fourier	O
analysis	O
,	O
sharpening	O
,	O
smoothing	B-Application
,	O
edge	O
detection	O
,	O
and	O
median	B-Algorithm
filtering	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
does	O
geometric	B-Algorithm
transformations	I-Algorithm
such	O
as	O
scaling	B-Algorithm
,	O
rotation	O
,	O
and	O
flips	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Before	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
ImageJ	B-Language
in	O
1997	O
,	O
a	O
similar	O
freeware	O
image	O
analysis	O
program	O
known	O
as	O
NIH	B-Language
Image	I-Language
had	O
been	O
developed	O
in	O
Object	B-Language
Pascal	I-Language
for	O
Macintosh	B-Device
computers	O
running	O
pre-OS	O
X	O
operating	O
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Further	O
development	O
of	O
this	O
code	O
continues	O
in	O
the	O
form	O
of	O
Image	B-Application
SXM	I-Application
,	O
a	O
variant	O
tailored	O
for	O
physical	O
research	O
of	O
scanning	O
microscope	O
images	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
Windows	B-Application
version	O
–	O
ported	O
by	O
Scion	O
Corporation	O
(	O
now	O
defunct	O
)	O
,	O
so-called	O
Scion	B-Language
Image	I-Language
for	O
Windows	B-Application
–	O
was	O
also	O
developed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Both	O
versions	O
are	O
still	O
available	O
but	O
–	O
in	O
contrast	O
to	O
NIH	B-Language
Image	I-Language
–	O
closed-source	O
.	O
</s>
