<s>
ISO/IEC	B-Device
20248	I-Device
Automatic	O
Identification	O
and	O
Data	O
Capture	O
Techniques	O
–	O
Data	O
Structures	O
–	O
Digital	O
Signature	O
Meta	O
Structure	O
is	O
an	O
international	O
standard	O
specification	O
under	O
development	O
by	O
ISO/IEC	O
JTC	O
1/SC	O
31/WG	O
2	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
development	O
is	O
an	O
extension	O
of	O
SANS	B-Device
1368	I-Device
,	O
which	O
is	O
the	O
current	O
published	O
specification	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ISO/IEC	B-Device
20248	I-Device
and	O
SANS	B-Device
1368	I-Device
are	O
equivalent	O
standard	O
specifications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SANS	B-Device
1368	I-Device
is	O
a	O
South	O
African	O
national	O
standard	O
developed	O
by	O
the	O
South	O
African	O
Bureau	O
of	O
Standards	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ISO/IEC	B-Device
20248	I-Device
[	O
and	O
SANS	O
1368 ]	O
specifies	O
a	O
method	O
whereby	O
data	O
stored	O
within	O
a	O
barcode	O
and/or	O
RFID	B-Application
tag	I-Application
is	O
structured	O
and	O
digitally	O
signed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
purpose	O
of	O
the	O
standard	O
is	O
to	O
provide	O
an	O
open	O
and	O
interoperable	O
method	O
,	O
between	O
services	O
and	O
data	O
carriers	O
,	O
to	O
verify	O
data	O
originality	O
and	O
data	O
integrity	O
in	O
an	O
offline	O
use	B-Architecture
case	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ISO/IEC	B-Device
20248	I-Device
data	O
structure	O
is	O
also	O
called	O
a	O
"	O
DigSig	O
"	O
which	O
refers	O
to	O
a	O
small	O
,	O
in	O
bit	O
count	O
,	O
digital	O
signature	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ISO/IEC	B-Device
20248	I-Device
also	O
provides	O
an	O
effective	O
and	O
interoperable	O
method	O
to	O
exchange	O
data	O
messages	O
in	O
the	B-Operating_System
Internet	I-Operating_System
of	I-Operating_System
Things	I-Operating_System
 [ IoT ] 	O
and	O
machine	O
to	O
machine	O
 [ M2M ] 	O
services	O
allowing	O
intelligent	B-General_Concept
agents	I-General_Concept
in	O
such	O
services	O
to	O
authenticate	O
data	O
messages	O
and	O
detect	O
data	O
tampering	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ISO/IEC	B-Device
20248	I-Device
can	O
be	O
viewed	O
as	O
an	O
X.509	O
application	O
specification	O
similar	O
to	O
S/MIME	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Classic	O
digital	O
signatures	O
are	O
typically	O
too	O
big	O
(	O
the	O
digital	O
signature	O
size	O
is	O
typically	O
more	O
than	O
2k	O
bits	O
)	O
to	O
fit	O
in	O
barcodes	O
and	O
RFID	B-Application
tags	I-Application
while	O
maintaining	O
the	O
desired	O
read	O
performance	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ISO/IEC	B-Device
20248	I-Device
digital	O
signatures	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
data	O
,	O
are	O
typically	O
smaller	O
than	O
512	O
bits	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
X.509	O
digital	O
certificates	O
within	O
a	O
public	B-Architecture
key	I-Architecture
infrastructure	I-Architecture
(	O
PKI	O
)	O
is	O
used	O
for	O
key	O
and	O
data	O
description	O
distribution	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
method	O
ensures	O
the	O
open	O
verifiable	O
decoding	O
of	O
data	O
stored	O
in	O
a	O
barcode	O
and/or	O
RFID	B-Application
tag	I-Application
into	O
a	O
tagged	O
data	O
structure	O
;	O
for	O
example	O
JSON	B-General_Concept
and	O
XML	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
ISO/IEC	B-Device
20248	I-Device
addresses	O
the	O
need	O
to	O
verify	O
the	O
integrity	O
of	O
physical	O
documents	O
and	O
objects	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
DigSig	O
stored	O
in	O
a	O
QR	O
code	O
or	O
near	O
field	O
communications	O
(	O
NFC	O
)	O
RFID	B-Application
tag	I-Application
can	O
easily	O
be	O
read	O
and	O
verified	O
using	O
a	O
smartphone	B-Application
with	O
an	O
ISO/IEC	B-Device
20248	I-Device
compliant	O
application	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
DigSig	O
stored	O
in	O
an	O
RFID/NFC	O
tag	O
provides	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
copied	O
and	O
tampered	O
data	O
,	O
therefore	O
it	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
detect	O
the	O
original	O
document	O
or	O
object	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
unique	O
identifier	O
of	O
the	O
RFID	B-Application
tag	I-Application
is	O
used	O
for	O
this	O
purpose	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ISO/IEC	B-Device
20248	I-Device
calls	O
the	O
digital	O
signature	O
meta	O
structure	O
a	O
DigSig	O
envelope	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
the	O
information	O
(	O
the	O
signed	O
field	O
value	O
and	O
the	O
field	O
value	O
is	O
stored	O
on	O
the	O
AIDC	O
)	O
is	O
available	O
to	O
verify	O
when	O
the	O
data	O
structure	O
is	O
read	O
from	O
the	O
AIDC	O
(	O
barcode	O
and/or	O
RFID	B-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
useful	O
to	O
link	O
a	O
physical	O
object	O
with	O
an	O
barcode	O
and/or	O
RFID	B-Application
tag	I-Application
to	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
an	O
anti-counterfeiting	O
measure	O
;	O
for	O
example	O
the	O
seal	O
number	O
of	O
a	O
bottle	O
of	O
wine	O
may	O
be	O
a	O
b	O
field	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Typically	O
data	O
stored	O
in	O
a	O
DigSig	O
originate	O
as	O
structured	O
data	O
;	O
JSON	B-General_Concept
or	O
XML	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
DigSig	O
envelope	O
is	O
then	O
programmed	O
in	O
an	O
RFID	B-Application
tag	I-Application
or	O
printed	O
within	O
a	O
barcode	O
symbology	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
DigSig	O
Verifier	O
reads	O
the	O
DigSig	O
envelope	O
from	O
the	O
barcode	O
or	O
RFID	B-Application
tag	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Verifier	O
then	O
performs	O
the	O
verification	O
and	O
makes	O
the	O
fields	O
available	O
as	O
structured	O
data	O
for	O
example	O
JSON	B-General_Concept
or	O
XML	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
following	O
education	O
certificate	O
examples	O
use	O
the	O
URI-RAW	O
DigSig	O
envelope	O
format	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
URI	B-Protocol
format	O
allows	O
a	O
generic	O
barcode	O
reader	O
to	O
read	O
the	O
DigSig	O
where	O
after	O
it	O
can	O
be	O
verified	O
online	O
using	O
the	O
URI	B-Protocol
of	O
the	O
trusted	O
issuer	O
of	O
the	O
DigSig	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Often	O
the	O
ISO/IEC	B-Device
20248	I-Device
compliant	O
smartphone	B-Application
application	O
(	O
App	O
)	O
will	O
be	O
available	O
on	O
this	O
website	O
for	O
down	O
load	O
,	O
where	O
after	O
the	O
DigSig	O
can	O
be	O
verified	O
offline	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
university	O
certificate	O
example	O
illustrates	O
the	O
multi-language	O
support	O
of	O
SANS	B-Device
1368	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
this	O
example	O
a	O
vehicle	O
registration	O
plate	O
is	O
fitted	O
with	O
an	O
ISO/IEC	O
18000-63	O
(	O
Type	O
6C	O
)	O
RFID	B-Application
tag	I-Application
and	O
printed	O
with	O
a	O
QR	O
barcode	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
plate	O
is	O
both	O
offline	O
verifiable	O
using	O
a	O
smartphone	B-Application
,	O
when	O
the	O
vehicle	O
is	O
stopped	O
;	O
or	O
using	O
an	O
RFID	B-Application
reader	O
,	O
when	O
the	O
vehicle	O
drive	O
past	O
the	O
reader	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Note	O
the	O
3	O
DigSig	O
Envelope	O
formats	O
;	O
RAW	O
,	O
URI-RAW	O
and	O
URI-TEXT	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
DigSig	O
stored	O
in	O
the	O
RFID	B-Application
tag	I-Application
is	O
typically	O
in	O
a	O
RAW	O
envelope	O
format	O
to	O
reduce	O
the	O
size	O
from	O
the	O
URI	B-Protocol
envelope	O
format	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Barcodes	O
will	O
typically	O
use	O
the	O
URI-RAW	O
format	O
to	O
allow	O
generic	O
barcode	O
readers	O
to	O
perform	O
an	O
online	O
verification	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
RAW	O
format	O
is	O
the	O
most	O
compact	O
but	O
it	O
can	O
only	O
be	O
verified	O
with	O
a	O
SANS	B-Device
1368	I-Device
compliant	O
application	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
DigSig	O
stored	O
in	O
the	O
RFID	B-Application
tag	I-Application
will	O
also	O
contain	O
the	O
TID	O
(	O
Unique	O
Tag	O
Identifier	O
)	O
within	O
the	O
signature	O
part	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
following	O
QR	O
barcode	O
is	O
attached	O
to	O
a	O
computer	O
or	O
smartphone	B-Application
to	O
prove	O
it	O
belongs	O
to	O
a	O
specific	O
person	O
.	O
</s>
