<s>
The	O
ISM	B-Algorithm
radio	I-Algorithm
bands	I-Algorithm
are	O
portions	B-Algorithm
of	O
the	O
radio	B-Algorithm
spectrum	I-Algorithm
reserved	O
internationally	O
for	O
industrial	O
,	O
scientific	O
,	O
and	O
medical	O
(	O
ISM	O
)	O
purposes	O
,	O
excluding	O
applications	O
in	O
telecommunications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
powerful	O
emissions	O
of	O
these	O
devices	O
can	O
create	O
electromagnetic	O
interference	O
and	O
disrupt	O
radio	O
communication	O
using	O
the	O
same	O
frequency	O
,	O
so	O
these	O
devices	O
are	O
limited	O
to	O
certain	O
bands	B-Algorithm
of	I-Algorithm
frequencies	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
general	O
,	O
communications	O
equipment	O
operating	O
in	O
ISM	B-Algorithm
bands	I-Algorithm
must	O
tolerate	O
any	O
interference	O
generated	O
by	O
ISM	O
applications	O
,	O
and	O
users	O
have	O
no	O
regulatory	O
protection	O
from	O
ISM	O
device	O
operation	O
in	O
these	O
bands	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Cordless	O
phones	O
,	O
Bluetooth	B-Protocol
devices	O
,	O
near-field	O
communication	O
(	O
NFC	O
)	O
devices	O
,	O
garage	O
door	O
openers	O
,	O
baby	O
monitors	O
,	O
and	O
wireless	B-General_Concept
computer	I-General_Concept
networks	I-General_Concept
(	O
Wi-Fi	O
)	O
may	O
all	O
use	O
the	O
ISM	O
frequencies	O
,	O
although	O
these	O
low-power	O
transmitters	O
are	O
not	O
considered	O
to	O
be	O
ISM	O
devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ISM	B-Algorithm
bands	I-Algorithm
are	O
defined	O
by	O
the	O
ITU	O
Radio	O
Regulations	O
(	O
article	O
5	O
)	O
in	O
footnotes	O
5.138	O
,	O
5.150	O
,	O
and	O
5.280	O
of	O
the	O
Radio	O
Regulations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Because	O
communication	O
devices	O
using	O
the	O
ISM	B-Algorithm
bands	I-Algorithm
must	O
tolerate	O
any	O
interference	O
from	O
ISM	O
equipment	O
,	O
unlicensed	O
operations	O
are	O
typically	O
permitted	O
to	O
use	O
these	O
bands	O
,	O
since	O
unlicensed	O
operation	O
typically	O
needs	O
to	O
be	O
tolerant	O
of	O
interference	O
from	O
other	O
devices	O
anyway	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ISM	B-Algorithm
bands	I-Algorithm
share	O
allocations	O
with	O
unlicensed	O
and	O
licensed	O
operations	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
high	O
likelihood	O
of	O
harmful	O
interference	O
,	O
licensed	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
bands	O
is	O
typically	O
low	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
,	O
uses	O
of	O
the	O
ISM	B-Algorithm
bands	I-Algorithm
are	O
governed	O
by	O
of	O
the	O
Federal	O
Communications	O
Commission	O
(	O
FCC	O
)	O
rules	O
,	O
while	O
Part	O
15	O
contains	O
the	O
rules	O
for	O
unlicensed	O
communication	O
devices	O
,	O
even	O
those	O
that	O
share	O
ISM	O
frequencies	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
Europe	O
,	O
the	O
ETSI	O
is	O
responsible	O
for	O
regulating	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
Short	O
Range	O
Devices	O
,	O
some	O
of	O
which	O
operate	O
in	O
ISM	B-Algorithm
bands	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
order	O
to	O
improve	O
harmonisation	O
in	O
spectrum	O
utilisation	O
,	O
the	O
majority	O
of	O
service-allocations	O
stipulated	O
in	O
this	O
document	O
were	O
incorporated	O
in	O
national	O
Tables	O
of	O
Frequency	B-Algorithm
Allocations	I-Algorithm
and	O
Utilisations	O
which	O
is	O
within	O
the	O
responsibility	O
of	O
the	O
appropriate	O
national	O
administration	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Frequency	O
range	O
Center	O
frequency	O
Bandwidth	O
Type	O
Availability	O
Licensed	O
users	O
MHz	O
6.795	O
MHz	O
MHz	O
kHz	O
A	O
Subject	O
to	O
local	O
acceptance	O
FIXED	O
SERVICE	O
&	O
Mobile	O
service	O
MHz	O
13.567	O
MHz	O
MHz	O
kHz	O
B	O
Worldwide	O
FIXED	O
&	O
Mobile	O
services	O
except	O
Aeronautical	O
mobile	O
(	O
R	O
)	O
service	O
MHz	O
27.283	O
MHz	O
MHz	O
kHz	O
B	O
Worldwide	O
FIXED	O
&	O
MOBILE	O
SERVICE	O
except	O
Aeronautical	O
mobile	O
service	O
,	O
CB	B-Application
Radio	I-Application
MHz	O
40.7	O
MHz	O
MHz	O
kHz	O
B	O
Worldwide	O
Fixed	O
,	O
Mobile	O
services	O
&	O
Earth	O
exploration-satellite	O
service	O
MHz	O
434.79	O
MHz	O
MHz	O
MHz	O
A	O
only	O
in	O
Region	O
1	O
,	O
subject	O
to	O
local	O
acceptance	O
AMATEUR	O
SERVICE	O
&	O
RADIOLOCATION	O
SERVICE	O
,	O
additional	O
apply	O
the	O
provisions	O
of	O
footnote	O
5.280	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ISM	B-Algorithm
bands	I-Algorithm
were	O
first	O
established	O
at	O
the	O
International	O
Telecommunications	O
Conference	O
of	O
the	O
ITU	O
in	O
Atlantic	O
City	O
,	O
1947	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
American	O
delegation	O
specifically	O
proposed	O
several	O
bands	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
now	O
commonplace	O
2.4GHz	B-Algorithm
band	I-Algorithm
,	O
to	O
accommodate	O
the	O
then	O
nascent	O
process	O
of	O
microwave	O
heating	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
FCC	O
annual	O
reports	O
of	O
that	O
time	O
suggest	O
that	O
much	O
preparation	O
was	O
done	O
ahead	O
of	O
these	O
presentations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Radio	O
frequencies	O
in	O
the	O
ISM	B-Algorithm
bands	I-Algorithm
have	O
been	O
used	O
for	O
communication	O
purposes	O
,	O
although	O
such	O
devices	O
may	O
experience	O
interference	O
from	O
non-communication	O
sources	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
,	O
as	O
early	O
as	O
1958	O
Class	O
D	O
Citizens	B-Application
Band	I-Application
,	O
a	O
Part	O
95	O
service	O
,	O
was	O
allocated	O
to	O
frequencies	O
that	O
are	O
also	O
allocated	O
to	O
ISM	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
U.S.	O
,	O
the	O
FCC	O
first	O
made	O
unlicensed	O
spread	B-Architecture
spectrum	I-Architecture
available	O
in	O
the	O
ISM	B-Algorithm
bands	I-Algorithm
in	O
rules	O
adopted	O
on	O
May	O
9	O
,	O
1985	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
part	O
of	O
a	O
broader	O
proposal	O
to	O
allow	O
civil	O
use	O
of	O
spread	B-Architecture
spectrum	I-Architecture
technology	O
and	O
was	O
opposed	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
by	O
mainstream	O
equipment	O
manufacturers	O
and	O
many	O
radio	O
system	O
operators	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
medical	O
settings	O
,	O
shortwave	O
and	O
microwave	O
diathermy	O
machines	O
use	O
radio	O
waves	O
in	O
the	O
ISM	B-Algorithm
bands	I-Algorithm
to	O
apply	O
deep	O
heating	O
to	O
the	O
body	O
for	O
relaxation	O
and	O
healing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
as	O
detailed	O
below	O
,	O
the	O
increasing	O
congestion	O
of	O
the	O
radio	B-Algorithm
spectrum	I-Algorithm
,	O
the	O
increasing	O
sophistication	O
of	O
microelectronics	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
attraction	O
of	O
unlicensed	O
use	O
,	O
has	O
in	O
recent	O
decades	O
led	O
to	O
an	O
explosion	O
of	O
uses	O
of	O
these	O
bands	O
for	O
short	O
range	O
communication	O
systems	O
for	O
wireless	O
devices	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
now	O
by	O
far	O
the	O
largest	O
uses	O
of	O
these	O
bands	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
of	O
the	O
largest	O
applications	O
has	O
been	O
wireless	B-General_Concept
networking	I-General_Concept
(	O
Wi-Fi	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
IEEE	O
802.11	O
wireless	B-General_Concept
networking	I-General_Concept
protocols	O
,	O
the	O
standards	O
on	O
which	O
almost	O
all	O
wireless	O
systems	O
are	O
based	O
,	O
use	O
the	O
ISM	B-Algorithm
bands	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Virtually	O
all	O
laptops	B-Device
,	O
tablet	B-Device
computers	I-Device
,	O
computer	O
printers	O
and	O
cellphones	O
now	O
have	O
802.11	O
wireless	B-Device
modems	I-Device
using	O
the	O
2.4	O
and	O
5.7GHz	O
ISM	B-Algorithm
bands	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Bluetooth	B-Protocol
is	O
another	O
networking	O
technology	O
using	O
the	O
2.4GHz	B-Algorithm
band	I-Algorithm
,	O
which	O
can	O
be	O
problematic	O
given	O
the	O
probability	O
of	O
interference	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Near-field	O
communication	O
(	O
NFC	O
)	O
devices	O
such	O
as	O
proximity	O
cards	O
and	O
contactless	O
smart	O
cards	O
use	O
the	O
lower	O
frequency	O
13	O
and	O
27MHz	O
ISM	B-Algorithm
bands	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
short	O
range	O
devices	O
using	O
the	O
ISM	B-Algorithm
bands	I-Algorithm
are	O
:	O
wireless	B-Device
microphones	I-Device
,	O
baby	O
monitors	O
,	O
garage	O
door	O
openers	O
,	O
wireless	O
doorbells	O
,	O
keyless	O
entry	O
systems	O
for	O
vehicles	O
,	O
radio	O
control	O
channels	O
for	O
UAVs	O
(	O
drones	O
)	O
,	O
wireless	O
surveillance	O
systems	O
,	O
RFID	B-Application
systems	O
for	O
merchandise	O
,	O
and	O
wild	B-Application
animal	I-Application
tracking	I-Application
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sulfur	O
lamps	O
are	O
commercially	O
available	O
plasma	O
lamps	O
,	O
which	O
use	O
a	O
2.45GHz	O
magnetron	B-Device
to	O
heat	O
sulfur	O
into	O
a	O
brightly	O
glowing	O
plasma	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Long-distance	O
wireless	B-Application
power	I-Application
systems	O
have	O
been	O
proposed	O
and	O
experimented	O
with	O
which	O
would	O
use	O
high-power	O
transmitters	O
and	O
rectennas	O
,	O
in	O
lieu	O
of	O
overhead	O
transmission	O
lines	O
and	O
underground	O
cables	O
,	O
to	O
send	O
power	O
to	O
remote	O
locations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
recent	O
years	O
ISM	B-Algorithm
bands	I-Algorithm
have	O
also	O
been	O
shared	O
with	O
(	O
non-ISM	O
)	O
license-free	O
error-tolerant	O
communications	O
applications	O
such	O
as	O
wireless	B-Architecture
sensor	I-Architecture
networks	I-Architecture
in	O
the	O
915MHz	O
and	O
2.450GHz	O
bands	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
wireless	B-Architecture
LANs	I-Architecture
and	O
cordless	O
phones	O
in	O
the	O
915MHz	O
,	O
2.450GHz	O
,	O
and	O
5.800GHz	O
bands	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ISM	O
equipment	O
does	O
not	O
necessarily	O
include	O
a	O
radio	O
receiver	O
in	O
the	O
ISM	B-Algorithm
band	I-Algorithm
(	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ISM	B-Algorithm
bands	I-Algorithm
are	O
also	O
widely	O
used	O
for	O
Radio-frequency	B-Application
identification	I-Application
(	O
RFID	B-Application
)	O
applications	O
with	O
the	O
most	O
commonly	O
used	O
band	O
being	O
the	O
13.56MHz	O
band	O
used	O
by	O
systems	O
compliant	O
with	O
ISO/IEC	O
14443	O
including	O
those	O
used	O
by	O
biometric	O
passports	O
and	O
contactless	O
smart	O
cards	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
Europe	O
,	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
ISM	B-Algorithm
band	I-Algorithm
is	O
covered	O
by	O
Short	O
Range	O
Device	O
regulations	O
issued	O
by	O
European	O
Commission	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
technical	O
recommendations	O
by	O
CEPT	O
and	O
standards	O
by	O
ETSI	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
most	O
of	O
Europe	O
,	O
LPD433	B-Algorithm
band	O
is	O
allowed	O
for	O
license-free	O
voice	O
communication	O
in	O
addition	O
to	O
PMR446	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Wireless	B-General_Concept
network	I-General_Concept
devices	O
use	O
wavebands	O
as	O
follows	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
IEEE	O
802.15.4	O
,	O
Zigbee	B-Protocol
and	O
other	O
personal	B-General_Concept
area	I-General_Concept
networks	I-General_Concept
may	O
use	O
the	O
and	O
ISM	B-Algorithm
bands	I-Algorithm
because	O
of	O
frequency	O
sharing	O
between	O
different	O
allocations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Wireless	B-Architecture
LANs	I-Architecture
and	O
cordless	O
phones	O
can	O
also	O
use	O
bands	O
other	O
than	O
those	O
shared	O
with	O
ISM	O
,	O
but	O
such	O
uses	O
require	O
approval	O
on	O
a	O
country	O
by	O
country	O
basis	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DECT	B-Protocol
phones	O
use	O
allocated	O
spectrum	O
outside	O
the	O
ISM	B-Algorithm
bands	I-Algorithm
that	O
differs	O
in	O
Europe	O
and	O
North	O
America	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ultra-wideband	O
LANs	O
require	O
more	O
spectrum	O
than	O
the	O
ISM	B-Algorithm
bands	I-Algorithm
can	O
provide	O
,	O
so	O
the	O
relevant	O
standards	O
such	O
as	O
IEEE	O
802.15.4a	O
are	O
designed	O
to	O
make	O
use	O
of	O
spectrum	O
outside	O
the	O
ISM	B-Algorithm
bands	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Despite	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
these	O
additional	O
bands	O
are	O
outside	O
the	O
official	O
ITU-R	O
ISM	B-Algorithm
bands	I-Algorithm
,	O
because	O
they	O
are	O
used	O
for	O
the	O
same	O
types	O
of	O
low	O
power	O
personal	O
communications	O
,	O
they	O
are	O
sometimes	O
incorrectly	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
ISM	B-Algorithm
bands	I-Algorithm
as	O
well	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Worldwide	O
Digital	O
Cordless	O
Telecommunications	O
or	O
WDCT	O
is	O
a	O
technology	O
that	O
uses	O
the	O
radio	B-Algorithm
spectrum	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	O
's	O
Project	O
Loon	O
used	O
ISM	B-Algorithm
bands	I-Algorithm
(	O
specifically	O
2.4	O
and	O
5.8GHz	O
bands	O
)	O
for	O
balloon-to-balloon	O
and	O
balloon-to-ground	O
communications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Pursuant	O
to	O
47	O
CFR	O
Part	O
97	O
some	O
ISM	B-Algorithm
bands	I-Algorithm
are	O
used	O
by	O
licensed	O
amateur	O
radio	O
operators	O
for	O
communication	O
-	O
including	O
amateur	O
television	O
.	O
</s>
