<s>
Integrated	B-Protocol
Services	I-Protocol
Digital	I-Protocol
Broadcasting	I-Protocol
(	O
ISDB	B-Protocol
;	O
Japanese	O
:	O
,	O
Tōgō	O
dejitaru	O
hōsō	O
sābisu	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
Japanese	O
broadcasting	O
standard	O
for	O
digital	B-Application
television	I-Application
(	O
DTV	B-Application
)	O
and	O
digital	O
radio	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ISDB	B-Protocol
supersedes	O
both	O
the	O
NTSC-J	O
analog	O
television	O
system	O
and	O
the	O
previously	O
used	O
MUSE	O
Hi-vision	O
analog	O
HDTV	B-Device
system	O
in	O
Japan	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
improved	O
version	O
of	O
ISDB-T	O
(	O
ISDB-T	B-Application
International	I-Application
)	O
will	O
soon	O
replace	O
the	O
NTSC	O
,	O
PAL-M	O
,	O
and	O
PAL-N	O
broadcast	O
standards	O
in	O
South	O
America	O
and	O
the	O
Philippines	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Digital	B-Application
Terrestrial	I-Application
Television	I-Application
Broadcasting	I-Application
(	O
DTTB	B-Application
)	O
services	O
using	O
ISDB-T	O
started	O
in	O
Japan	O
in	O
December	O
2003	O
,	O
and	O
since	O
then	O
,	O
many	O
countries	O
have	O
adopted	O
ISDB	B-Protocol
over	O
other	O
digital	O
broadcasting	O
standards	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
newer	O
and	O
"	O
advanced	O
"	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
ISDB	B-Protocol
standard	O
(	O
that	O
will	O
eventually	O
allow	O
up	O
to	O
8K	O
terrestrial	O
broadcasts	O
and	O
1080p	O
mobile	O
broadcasts	O
via	O
the	O
VVC	B-Algorithm
codec	O
,	O
including	O
HDR	B-Application
and	O
HFR	O
)	O
is	O
currently	O
under	O
development	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
(	O
In	O
2013	O
,	O
decided	O
on	O
European	O
digital	B-Application
terrestrial	I-Application
TV	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
Angola	O
reviewed	O
the	O
adoption	O
to	O
ISDB-T	B-Application
International	I-Application
system	O
in	O
March	O
2019	O
.	O
)	O
</s>
<s>
ISDB	B-Protocol
is	O
maintained	O
by	O
the	O
Japanese	O
organization	O
ARIB	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
core	O
standards	O
of	O
ISDB	B-Protocol
are	O
ISDB-S	O
(	O
satellite	O
television	O
)	O
,	O
ISDB-T	O
(	O
terrestrial	O
)	O
,	O
ISDB-C	O
(	O
cable	O
)	O
and	O
2.6	O
GHz	O
band	O
mobile	O
broadcasting	O
which	O
are	O
all	O
based	O
on	O
MPEG-2	B-Algorithm
,	O
MPEG-4	B-Algorithm
,	O
or	O
HEVC	B-Algorithm
standard	O
for	O
multiplexing	O
with	O
transport	O
stream	O
structure	O
and	O
video	O
and	O
audio	O
coding	O
(	O
MPEG-2	B-Algorithm
,	O
H.264	B-Application
,	O
or	O
HEVC	B-Algorithm
)	O
and	O
are	O
capable	O
of	O
UHD	B-Device
,	O
high-definition	B-Device
television	I-Device
(	O
HDTV	B-Device
)	O
and	O
standard-definition	B-Device
television	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
ISDB-T	O
and	O
ISDB-Tsb	B-Protocol
are	O
for	O
mobile	O
reception	O
in	O
TV	O
bands	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
1seg	B-Device
is	O
the	O
name	O
of	O
an	O
ISDB-T	O
component	O
that	O
allows	O
viewers	O
to	O
watch	O
TV	O
channels	O
via	O
cell	O
phones	O
,	O
laptop	B-Device
computers	I-Device
,	O
and	O
vehicles	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
concept	O
was	O
named	O
for	O
its	O
similarity	O
to	O
ISDN	B-Protocol
as	O
both	O
allow	O
multiple	O
channels	O
of	O
data	O
to	O
be	O
transmitted	O
together	O
(	O
a	O
process	O
called	O
multiplexing	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
broadcast	O
standard	O
is	O
also	O
much	O
like	O
another	O
digital	O
radio	O
system	O
,	O
Eureka	O
147	O
,	O
which	O
calls	O
each	O
group	O
of	O
stations	O
on	O
a	O
transmitter	O
an	O
ensemble	O
;	O
this	O
is	O
very	O
much	O
like	O
the	O
multi-channel	O
digital	B-Application
TV	I-Application
standard	O
DVB-T	O
.	O
ISDB-T	O
operates	O
on	O
unused	O
TV	O
channels	O
,	O
an	O
approach	O
that	O
was	O
taken	O
by	O
other	O
countries	O
for	O
TV	O
but	O
never	O
before	O
for	O
radio	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
various	O
flavors	O
of	O
ISDB	B-Protocol
differ	O
mainly	O
in	O
the	O
modulations	O
used	O
,	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
requirements	O
of	O
different	O
frequency	O
bands	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
12GHz	O
band	O
ISDB-S	O
uses	O
PSK	B-General_Concept
modulation	O
,	O
2.6GHz	O
band	O
digital	O
sound	O
broadcasting	O
uses	O
CDM	B-Protocol
,	O
and	O
ISDB-T	O
(	O
in	O
VHF	B-Algorithm
and/or	O
UHF	O
band	O
)	O
uses	O
COFDM	B-Protocol
with	O
PSK/QAM	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Besides	O
audio	O
and	O
video	O
transmission	O
,	O
ISDB	B-Protocol
also	O
defines	O
data	O
connections	O
(	O
Data	O
broadcasting	O
)	O
with	O
the	O
internet	O
as	O
a	O
return	O
channel	O
over	O
several	O
media	O
(	O
10/100	B-Protocol
Ethernet	I-Protocol
,	O
telephone	O
line	O
modem	O
,	O
mobile	O
phone	O
,	O
wireless	O
LAN	O
(	O
IEEE	O
802.11	O
)	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O
)	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
component	O
is	O
used	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
for	O
interactive	O
interfaces	O
like	O
data	O
broadcasting	O
(	O
ARIB	B-Device
STD-B24	I-Device
)	O
and	O
electronic	B-Device
program	I-Device
guides	I-Device
(	O
EPG	B-Device
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ISDB	B-Protocol
specification	O
describes	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
(	O
network	O
)	O
interfaces	O
,	O
but	O
most	O
importantly	O
,	O
the	O
Common	O
Interface	O
for	O
Conditional	O
Access	O
System	O
(	O
CAS	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
ISDB	B-Protocol
has	O
examples	O
of	O
implementing	O
various	O
kinds	O
of	O
CAS	O
systems	O
,	O
in	O
Japan	O
,	O
a	O
CAS	O
system	O
called	O
"	O
B-CAS	O
"	O
is	O
used	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ARIB	O
STD-B25	O
defines	O
the	O
Common	B-Device
Scrambling	I-Device
Algorithm	I-Device
(	O
CSA	O
)	O
system	O
called	O
MULTI2	B-Algorithm
required	O
for	O
(	O
de	O
-	O
)	O
scrambling	O
television	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ISDB	B-Protocol
CAS	O
system	O
in	O
Japan	O
is	O
operated	O
by	O
a	O
company	O
named	O
B-CAS	O
;	O
the	O
CAS	O
card	O
is	O
called	O
B-CAS	O
card	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Japanese	O
ISDB	B-Protocol
signal	O
is	O
always	O
encrypted	O
by	O
the	O
B-CAS	O
system	O
even	O
if	O
it	O
is	O
a	O
free	O
television	O
program	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ISDB	B-Protocol
supports	O
RMP	O
(	O
Rights	O
management	O
and	O
protection	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
all	O
digital	B-Application
television	I-Application
(	O
DTV	B-Application
)	O
systems	O
carry	O
digital	O
data	O
content	O
,	O
a	O
DVD	O
or	O
high-definition	O
(	O
HD	O
)	O
recorder	O
could	O
easily	O
copy	O
content	O
losslessly	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
"	O
Copy	O
never	O
"	O
programs	O
may	O
only	O
be	O
timeshifted	B-Device
and	O
cannot	O
be	O
permanently	O
stored	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
two	O
types	O
of	O
ISDB	B-Protocol
receiver	O
:	O
Television	O
and	O
set-top	O
box	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
aspect	O
ratio	O
of	O
an	O
ISDB-receiving	O
television	O
set	O
is	O
16:9	O
;	O
televisions	O
fulfilling	O
these	O
specs	O
are	O
called	O
Hi-Vision	O
TV	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
four	O
TV	O
types	O
:	O
Cathode	B-Device
ray	I-Device
tube	I-Device
(	O
CRT	O
)	O
,	O
plasma	O
display	O
panel	O
(	O
PDP	O
)	O
,	O
organic	B-Device
light-emitting	I-Device
diode	I-Device
(	O
OLED	B-Device
)	O
and	O
liquid	B-Device
crystal	I-Device
display	I-Device
(	O
LCD	B-Device
)	O
,	O
with	O
LCD	B-Device
being	O
the	O
most	O
popular	O
Hi-Vision	O
TV	O
on	O
the	O
Japanese	O
market	O
nowadays	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
LCD	B-Device
share	O
,	O
as	O
measured	O
by	O
JEITA	O
in	O
November	O
2004	O
,	O
was	O
about	O
60%	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Typical	O
middle	O
to	O
high-end	O
ISDB	B-Protocol
receivers	O
marketed	O
in	O
Japan	O
have	O
several	O
interfaces	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
F	B-Protocol
connectors	I-Protocol
for	O
RF	O
input	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HDMI	B-Protocol
or	O
D4	B-Protocol
connector	I-Protocol
for	O
an	O
HDTV	B-Device
monitor	O
in	O
a	O
home	O
cinema	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Optical	B-Protocol
digital	I-Protocol
audio	I-Protocol
interface	I-Protocol
for	O
an	O
audio	O
amplifier	O
and	O
speakers	O
for	O
5.1	O
surround	O
audio	O
in	O
a	O
home	O
cinema	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
IEEE	B-Protocol
1394	I-Protocol
(	O
aka	O
FireWire	B-Protocol
)	O
interface	O
for	O
digital	O
data	O
recorders	O
(	O
like	O
DVD	O
recorders	O
)	O
in	O
a	O
home	O
cinema	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
RCA	B-Protocol
video	I-Protocol
jack	I-Protocol
provides	O
SDTV	B-Device
signal	O
that	O
is	O
sampled	O
down	O
from	O
the	O
HDTV	B-Device
signal	O
for	O
analog	O
CRT	O
television	O
sets	O
or	O
VCRs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
RCA	B-Protocol
audio	I-Protocol
jacks	I-Protocol
provide	O
stereo	O
audio	O
for	O
analog	O
CRT	O
television	O
sets	O
or	O
VCRs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
10/100	B-Protocol
and	O
modular	O
jack	O
telephone	O
line	O
modem	O
interfaces	O
are	O
for	O
an	O
internet	O
connection	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
contrast	O
,	O
1seg	B-Device
digital	O
broadcasts	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
for	O
low-bandwidth	O
mobile	O
reception	O
and	O
occupy	O
1/13th	O
of	O
a	O
digital	O
channel	O
,	O
are	O
transmitted	O
"	O
in	O
the	O
clear	O
"	O
and	O
do	O
not	O
carry	O
copy	O
protection	O
information	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
modes	O
in	O
ISDB	B-Protocol
that	O
do	O
not	O
allow	O
the	O
output	O
of	O
a	O
signal	O
from	O
an	O
Analog	O
connector	O
(	O
such	O
as	O
D-connector	O
,	O
Component	O
,	O
Composite	O
,	O
or	O
S-Video	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
already	O
plans	O
to	O
restrict	O
analog	O
output	O
(	O
similar	O
to	O
Blu-ray	O
and	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD	I-Operating_System
)	O
for	O
"	O
Copyright	O
Protection	O
"	O
reasons	O
,	O
making	O
all	O
currently	O
sold	O
STB	O
Tuners	O
,	O
LCD/Plasma	O
TVs	O
(	O
without	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
inputs	O
)	O
,	O
analog-output-only	O
VHS	O
and	O
D-VHS	O
systems	O
,	O
and	O
DVD	O
players	O
,	O
unusable	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Currently	O
,	O
no	O
financial	O
assistance	O
schemes	O
have	O
been	O
announced	O
,	O
forcing	O
viewers	O
without	O
proper	O
devices	O
to	O
buy	O
new	O
TVs	O
or	O
STB	O
boxes	O
that	O
receive	O
ISDB	B-Protocol
broadcasts	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
copy	O
protection	O
on	O
ISDB	B-Protocol
broadcasts	O
can	O
be	O
circumvented	O
with	O
the	O
proper	O
hardware	O
and	O
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Brazilian	O
standard	O
ISDB-Tb	B-Application
does	O
not	O
implement	O
this	O
copy	O
protection	O
mechanism	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
cards	O
are	O
included	O
with	O
every	O
digital	B-Application
television	I-Application
or	O
tuner	O
at	O
no	O
charge	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unregistered	O
B-CAS	O
cards	O
display	O
a	O
watermark	B-General_Concept
in	O
the	O
corner	O
of	O
the	O
screen	O
,	O
suggesting	O
the	O
user	O
to	O
register	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
HDTV	B-Device
or	O
up	O
to	O
three	O
SDTV	B-Device
services	O
within	O
one	O
channel	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Equipped	O
with	O
an	O
electronic	B-Device
program	I-Device
guide	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
examples	O
providing	O
more	O
than	O
10	O
SDTV	B-Device
services	O
with	O
H.264	B-Application
coding	O
in	O
some	O
countries	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Japan	O
started	O
digital	O
broadcasting	O
using	O
the	O
DVB-S	O
standard	O
by	O
PerfecTV	O
in	O
October/1996	O
,	O
and	O
DirecTV	O
in	O
December/1997	O
,	O
with	O
communication	O
satellites	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Still	O
,	O
DVB-S	O
did	O
not	O
satisfy	O
the	O
requirements	O
of	O
Japanese	O
broadcasters	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
NHK	O
,	O
key	O
commercial	O
broadcasting	O
stations	O
like	O
Nippon	O
Television	O
,	O
TBS	O
,	O
Fuji	O
Television	O
,	O
TV	O
Asahi	O
,	O
TV	O
Tokyo	O
,	O
and	O
WOWOW	O
(	O
Movie-only	O
Pay-TV	O
broadcasting	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Consequently	O
,	O
ARIB	O
developed	O
a	O
new	O
broadcast	O
standard	O
called	O
ISDB-S	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
requirements	O
were	O
HDTV	B-Device
capability	O
,	O
interactive	O
services	O
,	O
network	O
access	O
and	O
effective	O
frequency	O
utilization	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
technical	O
requirements	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
DVB-S	O
standard	O
allows	O
the	O
transmission	O
of	O
a	O
bitstream	O
of	O
roughly	O
34	O
Mbit/s	O
with	O
a	O
satellite	O
transponder	O
,	O
which	O
means	O
the	O
transponder	O
can	O
send	O
one	O
HDTV	B-Device
channel	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unfortunately	O
,	O
the	O
NHK	O
broadcasting	O
satellite	O
had	O
only	O
four	O
vacant	O
transponders	O
,	O
which	O
led	O
ARIB	O
and	O
NHK	O
to	O
work	O
on	O
ISDB-S	O
:	O
the	O
new	O
standard	O
could	O
transmit	O
at	O
51	O
Mbit/s	O
with	O
a	O
single	O
transponder	O
,	O
which	O
means	O
that	O
ISDB-S	O
is	O
1.5	O
times	O
more	O
efficient	O
than	O
DVB-S	O
and	O
that	O
one	O
transponder	O
can	O
transmit	O
two	O
HDTV	B-Device
channels	O
,	O
along	O
with	O
other	O
independent	O
audio	O
and	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
(	O
the	O
successor	O
of	O
Skyport	O
TV	O
and	O
Sky	O
D	O
)	O
,	O
CS	O
burn	O
,	O
Platone	O
,	O
EP	O
,	O
DirecTV	O
,	O
J	O
Sky	O
B	O
,	O
and	O
PerfecTV	O
!,	O
adopted	O
the	O
ISDB-S	O
system	O
for	O
use	O
on	O
the	O
110-degree	O
(	O
east	O
longitude	O
)	O
wide-band	O
communication	O
satellite	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
table	O
shows	O
the	O
summary	O
of	O
ISDB-S	O
(	O
satellite	O
digital	O
broadcasting	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Method	O
BS	O
digital	O
broadcasting	O
Wide	O
band	O
CS	O
digital	O
broadcasting	O
Frequency	O
band	O
11.7	O
to	O
12.2	O
GHz	O
12.2	O
to	O
12.75	O
GHz	O
Transmission	O
bit	O
rate	O
51	O
Mbit/s	O
(	O
TC8PSK	O
)	O
40	O
Mbit/s	O
(	O
QPSK	O
)	O
Transmission	O
band	O
width	O
34.5	O
MHz*	O
34.5	O
MHz	O
*	O
Compatible	O
with	O
27	O
MHz	O
band	O
satellite	O
transponder	O
for	O
analog	B-Application
FM	I-Application
broadcasting	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
New	O
satellite	O
version	O
supporting	O
4K	B-Device
,	O
8K	O
,	O
HDR	B-Application
,	O
HFR	O
,	O
and	O
22.2	O
audio	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ISDB-C	O
is	O
cable	O
digital	O
broadcasting	O
specification	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ISDB-C	O
is	O
identical	O
to	O
DVB-C	O
but	O
has	O
a	O
different	O
channel	O
bandwidth	O
of	O
6MHz	O
(	O
instead	O
of	O
8MHz	O
)	O
and	O
roll-off	O
factor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HDTV	B-Device
was	O
invented	O
at	O
NHK	O
Science	O
&	O
Technology	O
Research	O
Laboratories	O
(	O
Japan	O
Broadcasting	O
Corporation	O
's	O
Science	O
&	O
Technical	O
Research	O
Laboratories	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
research	O
for	O
HDTV	B-Device
started	O
as	O
early	O
as	O
the	O
1960s	O
,	O
though	O
a	O
standard	O
was	O
proposed	O
to	O
the	O
ITU-R	O
(	O
CCIR	O
)	O
only	O
in	O
1973	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
the	O
1980s	O
,	O
a	O
high	B-Device
definition	I-Device
television	I-Device
camera	O
,	O
cathode-ray	B-Device
tube	I-Device
,	O
videotape	O
recorder	O
,	O
and	O
editing	O
equipment	O
,	O
among	O
others	O
,	O
had	O
been	O
developed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1982	O
NHK	O
developed	O
MUSE	O
(	O
Multiple	O
sub-Nyquist	O
sampling	O
encoding	O
)	O
,	O
the	O
first	O
HDTV	B-Device
video	O
compression	O
and	O
transmission	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
MUSE	O
used	O
digital	O
video	O
compression	O
,	O
but	O
for	O
transmission	O
frequency	B-Application
modulation	I-Application
was	O
used	O
after	O
a	O
digital-to-analog	O
converter	O
converted	O
the	O
digital	O
signal	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
demonstration	O
made	O
a	O
great	O
impression	O
in	O
the	O
U.S.	O
,	O
leading	O
to	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
the	O
ATSC	B-Device
terrestrial	O
DTV	B-Application
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Europe	O
also	O
developed	O
a	O
DTV	B-Application
system	O
called	O
DVB	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Japan	O
began	O
R&D	O
of	O
a	O
completely	O
digital	O
system	O
in	O
the	O
1980s	O
that	O
led	O
to	O
ISDB	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Japan	O
began	O
terrestrial	O
digital	O
broadcasting	O
,	O
using	O
ISDB-T	O
standard	O
by	O
NHK	O
and	O
commercial	O
broadcasting	O
stations	O
,	O
on	O
1	O
December	O
2003	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ISDB-T	O
is	O
characterized	O
by	O
the	O
following	O
features	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
ISDB-T	O
(	O
Integrated	O
Services	O
Digital	O
Broadcasting-Terrestrial	O
)	O
in	O
Japan	O
use	O
UHF	O
470MHz-710MHz	O
,	O
bandwidth	O
of	O
240MHz	O
,	O
allocate	O
40	O
channels	O
namely	O
channels	O
13	O
to	O
52	O
(	O
previously	O
used	O
also	O
710MHz-770MHz	O
,	O
53	O
to	O
62	O
,	O
but	O
this	O
range	O
was	O
re-assigned	O
to	O
cell	O
phones	O
)	O
,	O
each	O
channel	O
is	O
6MHz	O
width	O
(	O
actually	O
5.572MHz	O
effective	O
bandwidth	O
and	O
430kHz	O
guard	O
band	O
between	O
channels	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
channel	O
tables	O
with	O
6MHz	O
width	O
,	O
ISDB-T	O
single	O
channel	O
bandwidths	O
5.572MHz	O
has	O
number	O
of	O
carriers	O
5,617	O
with	O
interval	O
of	O
0.99206kHz	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ISDB-T	O
allows	O
to	O
accommodate	O
any	O
combination	O
of	O
HDTV	B-Device
(	O
roughly	O
8Mbit/s	O
in	O
H.264	B-Application
)	O
and	O
SDTV	B-Device
(	O
roughly	O
2Mbit/s	O
in	O
H.264	B-Application
)	O
within	O
the	O
given	O
bitrate	O
determined	O
by	O
the	O
transmission	O
parameters	O
such	O
as	O
bandwidth	O
,	O
code-rate	O
,	O
guard	O
interval	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Typically	O
,	O
among	O
the	O
13	O
segments	O
,	O
the	O
center	O
segment	O
is	O
used	O
for	O
1seg	B-Device
with	O
QPSK	O
modulation	O
and	O
the	O
remaining	O
12	O
segments	O
for	O
the	O
HDTV	B-Device
or	O
SDTV	B-Device
payloads	O
for	O
64QAM	B-Device
modulation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
bitstream	O
of	O
the	O
12	O
segments	O
are	O
combined	O
into	O
one	O
transport	O
stream	O
,	O
within	O
which	O
any	O
combination	O
of	O
programs	O
can	O
be	O
carried	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
MPEG-2	B-Algorithm
transport	O
stream	O
definition	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ISDB-T	O
transmits	O
an	O
HDTV	B-Device
channel	O
and	O
a	O
mobile	O
TV	O
channel	O
1seg	B-Device
within	O
one	O
channel	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
1seg	B-Device
is	O
a	O
mobile	O
terrestrial	O
digital	O
audio/video	O
broadcasting	O
service	O
in	O
Japan	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
1seg	B-Device
is	O
designed	O
for	O
mobile	O
usage	O
,	O
reception	O
is	O
sometimes	O
problematic	O
in	O
moving	O
vehicles	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ISDB-T	O
provides	O
interactive	O
services	O
with	O
data	O
broadcasting	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Such	O
as	O
Electronic	B-Device
Program	I-Device
Guides	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
ISDB-T	O
supports	O
internet	O
access	O
as	O
a	O
return	O
channel	O
that	O
works	O
to	O
support	O
the	O
data	O
broadcasting	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ISDB-T	O
provides	O
Single-Frequency	B-Device
Network	I-Device
(	O
SFN	O
)	O
and	O
on-channel	B-Device
repeater	I-Device
technology	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ISDB-T	O
can	O
be	O
received	O
indoors	O
with	O
a	O
simple	O
indoor	O
antenna	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ISDB-T	O
provides	O
robustness	O
to	O
multipath	O
interference	O
(	O
"	O
ghosting	O
"	O
)	O
,	O
co-channel	O
analog	O
television	O
interference	O
,	O
and	O
electromagnetic	O
interferences	O
that	O
come	O
from	O
motor	O
vehicles	O
and	O
power	O
lines	O
in	O
urban	O
environments	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ISDB-T	O
is	O
claimed	O
to	O
allow	O
HDTV	B-Device
to	O
be	O
received	O
on	O
moving	O
vehicles	O
at	O
over	O
100km/h	O
;	O
DVB-T	O
can	O
only	O
receive	O
SDTV	B-Device
on	O
moving	O
vehicles	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
is	O
claimed	O
that	O
ATSC	B-Device
can	O
not	O
be	O
received	O
on	O
moving	O
vehicles	O
at	O
all	O
(	O
however	O
,	O
in	O
early	O
2007	O
there	O
were	O
reports	O
of	O
successful	O
reception	O
of	O
ATSC	B-Device
on	O
laptops	B-Device
using	O
USB	O
tuners	O
in	O
moving	O
vehicles	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ISDB-T	O
was	O
adopted	O
for	O
commercial	O
transmissions	O
in	O
Japan	O
in	O
December	O
2003	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ISDB-T	O
had	O
10	O
million	O
subscribers	O
by	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
April	O
2005	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Along	O
with	O
the	O
wide	O
use	O
of	O
ISDB-T	O
,	O
the	O
price	O
of	O
receivers	O
is	O
getting	O
low	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
price	O
of	O
ISDB-T	O
STB	O
in	O
the	O
lower	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
market	O
is	O
¥19800	O
as	O
of	O
19	O
April	O
2006	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Brazil	O
,	O
which	O
used	O
an	O
analogue	O
TV	O
system	O
(	O
PAL-M	O
)	O
that	O
slightly	O
differed	O
from	O
any	O
other	O
countries	O
,	O
has	O
chosen	O
ISDB-T	O
as	O
a	O
base	O
for	O
its	O
DTV	B-Application
format	O
,	O
calling	O
it	O
ISDB-Tb	B-Application
or	O
internally	O
SBTVD	B-Application
(	O
Sistema	O
Brasileiro	O
de	O
Televisão	O
Digital-Terrestre	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Japanese	O
DiBEG	O
group	O
incorporated	O
the	O
advancements	O
made	O
by	O
Brazil	O
-MPEG4	O
video	O
codec	O
instead	O
of	O
ISDB-T	O
'	O
s	O
MPEG2	B-Algorithm
and	O
a	O
powerful	O
interaction	O
middleware	O
called	O
Ginga	B-Application
-	O
and	O
has	O
renamed	O
the	O
standard	O
to	O
"	O
ISDB-T	B-Application
International	I-Application
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
than	O
Argentina	O
,	O
Brazil	O
,	O
Peru	O
,	O
Chile	O
and	O
Ecuador	O
which	O
have	O
selected	O
ISDB-Tb	B-Application
,	O
there	O
are	O
other	O
South	O
American	O
countries	O
,	O
mainly	O
from	O
Mercosur	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Venezuela	O
,	O
that	O
chose	O
ISDB-Tb	B-Application
,	O
which	O
providing	O
economies	O
of	O
scale	O
and	O
common	O
market	O
benefits	O
from	O
the	O
regional	O
South	O
American	O
manufacturing	O
instead	O
of	O
importing	O
ready-made	O
STBs	O
as	O
is	O
the	O
case	O
with	O
the	O
other	O
standards	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Also	O
,	O
it	O
has	O
been	O
confirmed	O
with	O
extensive	O
tests	O
realized	O
by	O
Brazilian	O
Association	O
of	O
Radio	O
and	O
Television	O
Broadcasters	O
(	O
ABERT	O
)	O
,	O
Brazilian	O
Television	O
Engineering	O
Society	O
(	O
SET	O
)	O
and	O
Universidade	O
Presbiteriana	O
Mackenzie	O
the	O
insufficient	O
quality	O
for	O
indoor	O
reception	O
presented	O
by	O
ATSC	B-Device
and	O
,	O
between	O
DVB-T	O
and	O
ISDB-T	O
,	O
the	O
latter	O
presented	O
superior	O
performance	O
in	O
indoor	O
reception	O
and	O
flexibility	O
to	O
access	O
digital	O
services	O
and	O
TV	O
programs	O
through	O
non-mobile	O
,	O
mobile	O
or	O
portable	O
receivers	O
with	O
impressive	O
quality	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ABERT	O
–	O
SET	O
group	O
in	O
Brazil	O
did	O
system	O
comparison	O
tests	O
of	O
DTV	B-Application
under	O
the	O
supervision	O
of	O
the	O
CPqD	O
foundation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ABERT/SET	O
group	O
selected	O
ISDB-T	O
as	O
the	O
best	O
choice	O
in	O
digital	O
broadcasting	O
modulation	O
systems	O
among	O
ATSC	B-Device
,	O
DVB-T	O
and	O
ISDB-T	O
.	O
Another	O
study	O
found	O
that	O
ISDB-T	O
and	O
DVB-T	O
performed	O
similarly	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
both	O
were	O
outperformed	O
by	O
DVB-T2	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
ISDB-T	O
was	O
singled	O
out	O
as	O
the	O
most	O
flexible	O
of	O
all	O
for	O
meeting	O
the	O
needs	O
of	O
mobility	O
and	O
portability	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
June	O
29	O
,	O
2006	O
,	O
Brazil	O
announced	O
ISDB-T-based	O
SBTVD	B-Application
as	O
the	O
chosen	O
standard	O
for	O
digital	B-Application
TV	I-Application
transmissions	O
,	O
to	O
be	O
fully	O
implemented	O
by	O
2016	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
November	O
2007	O
(	O
one	O
month	O
prior	O
DTTV	B-Application
launch	O
)	O
,	O
a	O
few	O
suppliers	O
started	O
to	O
announce	O
zapper	O
STBs	O
of	O
the	O
new	O
Nippon-Brazilian	O
SBTVD-T	B-Application
standard	O
,	O
at	O
that	O
time	O
without	O
interactivity	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
lists	O
the	O
other	O
countries	O
who	O
adopted	O
the	O
ISDB-T	O
standard	O
,	O
chronologically	O
arranged	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
June	O
30	O
,	O
2006	O
,	O
Brazil	O
announced	O
its	O
decision	O
to	O
adopt	O
ISDB-T	O
as	O
the	O
digital	B-Application
terrestrial	I-Application
television	I-Application
standard	O
,	O
by	O
means	O
of	O
presidential	O
decree	O
5820/2006	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
April	O
23	O
,	O
2009	O
,	O
Peru	O
announced	O
its	O
decision	O
to	O
adopt	O
ISDB-T	O
as	O
the	O
digital	B-Application
terrestrial	I-Application
television	I-Application
standard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
August	O
28	O
,	O
2009	O
,	O
Argentina	O
officially	O
adopted	O
the	O
ISDB-T	O
system	O
calling	O
it	O
internally	O
SATVD-T	O
(	O
Sistema	O
Argentino	O
de	O
Televisión	O
–	O
Terrestre	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
September	O
14	O
,	O
2009	O
,	O
Chile	O
announced	O
it	O
was	O
adopting	O
the	O
ISDB-T	O
standard	O
because	O
it	O
adapts	O
better	O
to	O
the	O
geographical	O
makeup	O
of	O
the	O
country	O
,	O
while	O
allowing	O
signal	O
reception	O
in	O
cell	O
phones	O
,	O
high-definition	O
content	O
delivery	O
and	O
a	O
wider	O
variety	O
of	O
channels	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
October	O
6	O
,	O
2009	O
,	O
Venezuela	O
officially	O
adopted	O
the	O
ISDB-T	O
standard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
March	O
26	O
,	O
2010	O
,	O
Ecuador	O
announced	O
its	O
decision	O
to	O
adopt	O
ISDB-T	O
standard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
April	O
29	O
,	O
2010	O
,	O
Costa	O
Rica	O
officially	O
announced	O
the	O
adoption	O
of	O
ISDB-Tb	B-Application
standard	O
based	O
upon	O
a	O
commission	O
in	O
charge	O
of	O
analyzing	O
which	O
protocol	O
to	O
accept	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
June	O
1	O
,	O
2010	O
,	O
Paraguay	O
officially	O
adopted	O
ISDB-T	B-Application
International	I-Application
,	O
via	O
a	O
presidential	O
decree	O
#4483	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
June	O
11	O
,	O
2010	O
,	O
the	O
Philippines	O
(	O
NTC	O
)	O
officially	O
adopted	O
the	O
ISDB-T	O
standard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
July	O
6	O
,	O
2010	O
,	O
Bolivia	O
announced	O
its	O
decision	O
to	O
adopt	O
ISDB-T	O
standard	O
as	O
well	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
December	O
27	O
,	O
2010	O
,	O
the	O
Uruguayan	O
Government	O
adopts	O
the	O
ISDB-T	O
standard.	O
,	O
voiding	O
a	O
previous	O
2007	O
decree	O
which	O
adopted	O
the	O
European	O
DVB	B-Application
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
November	O
15	O
,	O
2011	O
,	O
the	O
Maldivian	O
Government	O
adopts	O
the	O
ISDB-T	O
standard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
February	O
26	O
,	O
2013	O
,	O
the	O
Botswana	O
government	O
adopts	O
the	O
ISDB-T	O
standard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
September	O
12	O
,	O
2013	O
,	O
Honduras	O
adopted	O
the	O
ISDB-T	O
standard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
May	O
20	O
,	O
2014	O
,	O
Government	O
of	O
Sri	O
Lanka	O
officially	O
announced	O
its	O
decision	O
to	O
adopt	O
ISDB-T	O
standard	O
,	O
and	O
on	O
September	O
7	O
,	O
2014	O
Japanese	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
Shinzo	O
Abe	O
signed	O
an	O
agreement	O
with	O
Sri	O
Lankan	O
President	O
Mahinda	O
Rajapakse	O
for	O
constructing	O
infrastructure	O
such	O
as	O
ISDB-T	O
networks	O
with	O
a	O
view	O
to	O
smooth	O
conversion	O
to	O
ISDB-T	O
,	O
and	O
cooperating	O
in	O
the	O
field	O
of	O
content	O
and	O
developing	O
human	O
resources	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
January	O
23	O
,	O
2017	O
,	O
El	O
Salvador	O
adopted	O
the	O
ISDB-T	O
standard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
March	O
20	O
,	O
2019	O
,	O
Angola	O
adopted	O
the	O
ISDB-T	O
standard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ARIB	O
has	O
developed	O
a	O
segment	O
structure	O
called	O
BST-OFDM	O
(	O
see	O
figure	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ISDB-T	O
divides	O
the	O
frequency	O
band	O
of	O
one	O
channel	O
into	O
thirteen	O
segments	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
ISDB-T	O
can	O
transmit	O
both	O
LDTV	O
and	O
HDTV	B-Device
using	O
one	O
TV	O
channel	O
or	O
change	O
to	O
3	O
SDTV	B-Device
,	O
a	O
switch	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
performed	O
at	O
any	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ISDB-T	O
can	O
also	O
change	O
the	O
modulation	O
scheme	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
above	O
figure	O
shows	O
the	O
spectrum	O
of	O
13	O
segments	O
structure	O
of	O
ISDB-T	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
H.264	B-Application
Baseline	O
profile	O
is	O
used	O
in	O
one	O
segment	O
(	O
1seg	B-Device
)	O
broadcasting	O
for	O
portables	O
and	O
Mobile	O
phone	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
H.264	B-Application
High-profile	O
is	O
used	O
in	O
ISDB-Tb	B-Application
to	O
high	O
definition	O
broadcasts	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Specification	O
of	O
Japanese	O
terrestrial	O
digital	O
broadcasting	O
using	O
ISDB-T	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ISDB-Tsb	B-Protocol
is	O
the	O
terrestrial	O
digital	O
sound	O
broadcasting	O
specification	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
technical	O
specification	O
is	O
the	O
same	O
as	O
ISDB-T	O
.	O
ISDB-Tsb	B-Protocol
supports	O
the	O
coded	B-Protocol
transmission	I-Protocol
of	I-Protocol
OFDM	I-Protocol
signals	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
ISDB-Tmm	O
(	O
Terrestrial	O
mobile	O
multi-media	O
)	O
utilised	O
suitable	O
number	O
of	O
segments	O
by	O
station	O
with	O
video	O
coding	O
MPEG-4	O
AVC/H.264	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
multiple	O
channels	O
,	O
ISDB-Tmm	O
served	O
dedicated	O
channels	O
such	O
as	O
sport	O
,	O
movie	O
,	O
music	O
channels	O
and	O
others	O
with	O
CD	B-Device
quality	O
sound	O
,	O
allowing	O
for	O
better	O
broadcast	O
quality	O
as	O
compared	O
to	O
1seg	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
service	O
used	O
the	O
VHF	B-Algorithm
band	I-Algorithm
,	O
207.5	O
–	O
222MHz	O
which	O
began	O
to	O
be	O
utilised	O
after	O
Japan	O
's	O
switchover	O
to	O
digital	B-Application
television	I-Application
in	O
July	O
2011	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Japan	O
's	O
Ministry	O
of	O
Internal	O
Affairs	O
and	O
Communications	O
licensed	O
to	O
NTT	O
Docomo	O
subsidiary	O
mmbi	O
,	O
Inc	O
.	O
for	O
ISDB-Tmm	O
method	O
on	O
September	O
9	O
,	O
2010	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
MediaFLO	B-Device
method	O
offered	O
with	O
KDDI	O
was	O
not	O
licensed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ISDB-Tmm	O
broadcasting	O
service	O
by	O
mmbi	O
,	O
Inc	O
.	O
is	O
named	O
モバキャス	O
(	O
pronounced	O
mobakyasu	O
)	O
,	O
literally	O
short	O
form	O
of	O
mobile	O
casting	O
on	O
July	O
14	O
,	O
2011	O
,	O
and	O
had	O
been	O
branded	O
as	O
NOTTV	O
since	O
October	O
4	O
,	O
2011	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Android	B-Application
smartphones	B-Application
and	O
tablets	B-Device
with	O
ISDB-Tmm	O
receiving	O
capability	O
were	O
also	O
sold	O
mainly	O
by	O
NTT	O
DoCoMo	O
,	O
although	O
a	O
separate	O
tuner	O
(	O
TV	O
BoX	O
manufactured	O
by	O
Huawei	O
;	O
or	O
StationTV	O
manufactured	O
by	O
Pixela	O
)	O
could	O
be	O
purchased	O
for	O
iPhones	B-Device
and	O
iPads	B-Device
as	O
well	O
as	O
Android	B-Application
smartphones	B-Application
and	O
tablets	B-Device
sold	O
by	O
au	O
by	O
KDDI	O
and	O
SoftBank	O
Mobile	O
to	O
receive	O
ISDB-Tmm	O
broadcasts	O
.	O
</s>
