<s>
ISDB-T	B-Application
International	I-Application
,	O
or	O
SBTVD	B-Application
,	O
short	O
for	O
Sistema	B-Application
Brasileiro	I-Application
de	I-Application
Televisão	I-Application
Digital	I-Application
(	O
)	O
,	O
is	O
a	O
technical	O
standard	O
for	O
digital	B-Application
television	I-Application
broadcast	O
used	O
in	O
Brazil	O
,	O
Argentina	O
,	O
Peru	O
,	O
Botswana	O
,	O
Chile	O
,	O
Honduras	O
,	O
Venezuela	O
,	O
Ecuador	O
,	O
Costa	O
Rica	O
,	O
Paraguay	O
,	O
Philippines	O
,	O
Bolivia	O
,	O
Nicaragua	O
,	O
El	O
Salvador	O
and	O
Uruguay	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
Japanese	O
ISDB-T	O
standard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ISDB-T	B-Application
International	I-Application
launched	O
into	O
commercial	O
operation	O
on	O
2	O
December	O
2007	O
,	O
in	O
São	O
Paulo	O
,	O
Brazil	O
,	O
as	O
SBTVD	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
ISDB-T	B-Application
International	I-Application
is	O
also	O
called	O
ISDB-Tb	B-Application
(	O
ISDB-T	O
Japanese	O
standard	O
,	O
Brazilian	O
version	O
)	O
and	O
basically	O
differs	O
from	O
original	O
ISDB-T	O
by	O
using	O
H.264/MPEG	B-Application
-4	I-Application
AVC	I-Application
as	O
a	O
video	O
compression	O
standard	O
(	O
ISDB-T	O
uses	O
H.262/MPEG	B-Algorithm
-2	I-Algorithm
Part	I-Algorithm
2	I-Algorithm
)	O
,	O
a	O
presentation	O
rate	O
of	O
30	O
frames	O
per	O
second	O
even	O
in	O
portable	O
devices	O
(	O
ISDB-T	O
,	O
One	B-Device
seg	I-Device
,	O
uses	O
15	O
frame/s	O
for	O
portable	O
devices	O
)	O
and	O
powerful	O
interaction	O
using	O
middleware	B-General_Concept
Ginga	B-Application
,	O
composed	O
by	O
Ginga-NCL	B-Application
and	O
Ginga-J	B-Application
modules	O
(	O
ISDB-T	O
uses	O
BML	B-Device
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ISDB-T	B-Application
International	I-Application
standard	O
was	O
developed	O
as	O
SBTVD	B-Application
by	O
a	O
study	O
group	O
coordinated	O
by	O
the	O
Brazilian	O
Ministry	O
of	O
Communications	O
and	O
was	O
led	O
by	O
the	O
Brazilian	O
Telecommunications	O
Agency	O
(	O
ANATEL	O
)	O
with	O
support	O
from	O
the	O
Telecommunication	O
's	O
Research	O
and	O
Development	O
Centre	O
(	O
CPqD	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
objective	O
of	O
the	O
group	O
was	O
to	O
develop	O
and	O
implement	O
a	O
DTV	O
(	O
Digital	B-Application
TV	I-Application
)	O
standard	O
in	O
Brazil	O
,	O
addressing	O
not	O
only	O
technical	O
and	O
economical	O
issues	O
,	O
but	O
also	O
and	O
mainly	O
mitigating	O
the	O
digital	O
divide	O
,	O
that	O
is	O
,	O
to	O
promote	O
inclusion	O
of	O
those	O
living	O
apart	O
from	O
today	O
's	O
information	O
society	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
January	O
2009	O
,	O
the	O
Brazilian-Japanese	O
study	O
group	O
for	O
digital	B-Application
TV	I-Application
finished	O
and	O
published	O
a	O
specification	O
document	O
joining	O
the	O
Japanese	O
ISDB-T	O
with	O
Brazilian	O
SBTVD	B-Application
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
a	O
specification	O
now	O
called	O
"	O
ISDB-T	B-Application
International	I-Application
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ISDB-T	B-Application
International	I-Application
is	O
the	O
system	O
that	O
is	O
proposed	O
by	O
Japan	O
and	O
Brazil	O
for	O
use	O
in	O
other	O
countries	O
in	O
South	O
America	O
and	O
around	O
the	O
world	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
history	O
of	O
SBTVD	B-Application
development	O
can	O
be	O
divided	O
in	O
two	O
major	O
periods	O
:	O
a	O
)	O
Initial	O
Studies	O
and	O
Tests	O
;	O
b	O
)	O
Implementation	O
of	O
Digital	B-Application
TV	I-Application
Work	O
Group	O
and	O
final	O
definition	O
of	O
SBTVD	B-Application
standard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
1994	O
a	O
group	O
composed	O
of	O
technicians	O
from	O
Brazilian	O
Society	O
for	O
Television	O
Engineering	O
(	O
SET	O
)	O
and	O
Brazilian	O
Association	O
of	O
Radio	O
and	O
Television	O
Broadcasters	O
(	O
ABERT	O
)	O
has	O
been	O
analyzing	O
existing	O
digital	B-Application
TV	I-Application
standards	O
(	O
American	O
ATSC	B-Device
,	O
European	O
DVB-T	O
and	O
Japanese	O
ISDB-T	O
)	O
and	O
its	O
technical	O
aspects	O
but	O
the	O
discussion	O
become	O
a	O
robust	O
study	O
only	O
in	O
1998	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
without	O
influence	O
of	O
the	O
ATSC	B-Device
Committee	O
,	O
DVB	O
Group	O
or	O
ARIB/DiBEG	O
Group	O
)	O
and	O
it	O
was	O
considered	O
a	O
very	O
rigorous	O
and	O
robust	O
study	O
by	O
the	O
DTV	O
technical	O
world	O
community	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
results	O
of	O
the	O
"	O
Brazilian	O
digital	B-Application
television	I-Application
tests	O
"	O
showed	O
the	O
insufficient	O
quality	O
for	O
indoor	O
reception	O
presented	O
by	O
ATSC	B-Device
(	O
that	O
is	O
a	O
very	O
important	O
parameter	O
because	O
47%	O
of	O
television	O
sets	O
in	O
Brazil	O
use	O
only	O
an	O
internal	O
antenna	O
)	O
and	O
,	O
between	O
DVB-T	O
and	O
ISDB-T	O
,	O
the	O
last	O
one	O
presented	O
superior	O
performance	O
in	O
indoor	O
reception	O
and	O
flexibility	O
to	O
access	O
digital	O
services	O
and	O
TV	O
programs	O
through	O
non-mobile	O
,	O
mobile	O
or	O
portable	O
receivers	O
with	O
impressive	O
quality	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Due	O
to	O
the	O
completeness	O
and	O
quality	O
of	O
the	O
ABERT/SET/Mackenzie	O
study	O
,	O
ANATEL	O
considered	O
that	O
as	O
the	O
official	O
result	O
and	O
supported	O
it	O
considering	O
ISDB-T	O
the	O
better	O
standard	O
to	O
be	O
implemented	O
in	O
Brazil	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ATSC	B-Device
Committee	O
and	O
DVB	O
Group	O
wanted	O
to	O
review	O
the	O
ABERT/SET/Mackenzie	O
report	O
and	O
ANATEL	O
decision	O
;	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
SBTVD	B-Application
program	O
was	O
deployed	O
on	O
November	O
26	O
,	O
2003	O
,	O
by	O
Presidential	O
Act	O
#	O
4.901	O
,	O
focusing	O
the	O
creation	O
of	O
a	O
reference	O
model	O
for	O
national	O
terrestrial	O
digital	B-Application
TV	I-Application
in	O
Brazil	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Consultant	O
Committee	O
(	O
CC	O
Comitê	O
Consultivo	O
)	O
:	O
to	O
define	O
and	O
develop	O
the	O
technical	O
aspects	O
of	O
digital	B-Application
TV	I-Application
,	O
and	O
to	O
select	O
the	O
best	O
technology	O
to	O
be	O
used	O
in	O
Brazil	O
(	O
including	O
eventually	O
a	O
technology	O
totally	O
created	O
in	O
Brazil	O
)	O
;	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
objective	O
of	O
the	O
DTV	O
Work	O
Group	O
was	O
not	O
only	O
to	O
define	O
the	O
technical	O
and	O
economical	O
aspects	O
of	O
the	O
Digital	B-Application
TV	I-Application
system	O
but	O
also	O
to	O
address	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
provision	O
of	O
educational	O
support	O
via	O
Digital	B-Application
TV	I-Application
through	O
specialized	O
content	O
and	O
interactive	O
programs	O
;	O
</s>
<s>
Just	O
for	O
the	O
Consultant	O
Committee	O
,	O
20	O
public	O
RFP	O
(	O
Request	O
for	O
Proposal	O
)	O
were	O
published	O
trying	O
to	O
cover	O
all	O
areas	O
that	O
compose	O
digital	B-Application
TV	I-Application
:	O
Modulation	O
,	O
Signal	O
Processing/Compression	O
,	O
video	O
systems	O
,	O
audio	O
systems	O
,	O
data	O
transport	O
,	O
middleware	B-General_Concept
,	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
groups	O
worked	O
to	O
present	O
a	O
totally	O
new	O
digital	O
standard	O
,	O
some	O
groups	O
worked	O
to	O
analyze	O
and	O
select	O
the	O
most	O
known	O
digital	B-Application
TV	I-Application
standards	O
(	O
American	O
ATSC	B-Device
,	O
European	O
DVB-T	O
and	O
Japanese	O
ISDB-T	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
groups	O
worked	O
to	O
implement	O
new	O
features/modules	O
to	O
these	O
already	O
known	O
standards	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
3	O
years	O
of	O
studies	O
and	O
developments	O
,	O
the	O
SBTVD	B-Device
Forum	I-Device
announced	O
the	O
selection	O
of	O
Japanese	O
ISDB-T	O
system	O
as	O
a	O
baseline	O
for	O
the	O
SBTVD	B-Application
system	O
,	O
enhanced	O
by	O
some	O
new	O
technologies	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
MPEG-4	B-Application
AVC	I-Application
compression	O
system	O
(	O
H.264	B-Application
)	O
for	O
video	O
—	O
allows	O
more	O
data	O
payload	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
band	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Japan	O
uses	O
MPEG-2	B-Algorithm
video	I-Algorithm
;	O
</s>
<s>
Middleware	B-General_Concept
called	O
"	O
Ginga	B-Application
"	O
more	O
robust	O
with	O
declarative	O
and	O
procedural	O
modules	O
,	O
to	O
allow	O
complex	O
interactive	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Japan	O
uses	O
BML	B-Device
middleware	B-General_Concept
which	O
is	O
only	O
declarative	O
;	O
</s>
<s>
SBTVD	B-Application
system	O
also	O
presents	O
some	O
adaptations	O
(	O
the	O
following	O
are	O
the	O
main	O
ones	O
)	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Note	O
:	O
There	O
are	O
around	O
16	O
technical	O
documents	O
for	O
the	O
SBTVD	B-Application
system	O
,	O
with	O
more	O
than	O
3,000	O
pages	O
published	O
by	O
the	O
ABNT	O
(	O
Brazilian	O
Association	O
for	O
Technical	O
Standards	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
SBTVD	B-Device
Forum	I-Device
detailing	O
the	O
entire	O
SBTVD	B-Application
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
selection	O
of	O
the	O
Japanese	O
ISDB-T	O
system	O
as	O
the	O
baseline	O
for	O
SBTVD	B-Application
was	O
based	O
on	O
video/audio	O
quality	O
indoor	O
and	O
outdoor	O
,	O
signal	O
robustness	O
,	O
excellent	O
interference	O
treatment	O
,	O
support	O
for	O
complex	O
interactive	O
TV	O
programs	O
,	O
and	O
quality	O
mobile	O
TV	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Besides	O
that	O
,	O
ISDB-T	O
with	O
the	O
new	O
features	O
like	O
MPEG-4	O
video	O
compression	O
and	O
Ginga	B-Application
middleware	B-General_Concept
become	O
an	O
excellent	O
support	O
for	O
those	O
social	O
requirements	O
intended	O
by	O
the	O
Brazilian	O
Government	O
(	O
digital	O
inclusion	O
,	O
educational	O
and	O
cultural	O
support	O
,	O
e-gov	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Economical	O
points	O
were	O
analyzed	O
too	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
elimination	O
of	O
royalties	O
by	O
the	O
Japanese	O
Government	O
on	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
ISDB-T	O
,	O
the	O
transfer	O
of	O
technology	O
from	O
Japan	O
to	O
Brazil	O
,	O
the	O
creation	O
of	O
a	O
Japanese-Brazilian	O
work	O
group	O
for	O
ongoing	O
developments	O
,	O
and	O
financial	O
help	O
for	O
the	O
initial	O
implementation	O
from	O
the	O
Japanese	O
Development	O
Bank	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
final	O
decision	O
was	O
announced	O
on	O
June	O
29	O
,	O
2006	O
,	O
by	O
Presidential	O
Act	O
#	O
5.820	O
officially	O
stating	O
that	O
Brazil	O
adopted	O
the	O
ISDB-T	O
terrestrial	O
digital	O
transmission	O
system	O
as	O
the	O
baseline	O
for	O
ISDB-Tb	B-Application
(	O
the	O
commercial	O
name	O
for	O
the	O
SBTVD	B-Application
system	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Presidential	O
Act	O
also	O
defines	O
the	O
implementation	O
plan	O
and	O
rules	O
for	O
digital	B-Application
TV	I-Application
in	O
Brazil	O
stating	O
that	O
in	O
seven	O
years	O
all	O
Brazilian	O
territory	O
must	O
be	O
covered	O
by	O
the	O
digital	B-Application
TV	I-Application
signal	O
and	O
in	O
10	O
years	O
(	O
i.e.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
important	O
to	O
note	O
that	O
this	O
Presidential	O
Act	O
states	O
that	O
ISDB-Tb	B-Application
must	O
offer	O
a	O
"	O
Multiprogram	O
"	O
feature	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
decision	O
for	O
ISDB-T	O
was	O
contested	O
by	O
some	O
sectors	O
of	O
society	O
that	O
complained	O
it	O
was	O
a	O
"	O
political	O
"	O
decision	O
where	O
the	O
Brazilian	O
Government	O
was	O
influenced	O
by	O
the	O
Broadcaster	O
Association	O
,	O
especially	O
TV	O
Globo	O
,	O
since	O
ISDB-T	O
isolates	O
TV	O
business	O
from	O
telecommunication	O
company	O
business	O
which	O
will	O
protect	O
the	O
already	O
decreasing	O
earnings	O
of	O
broadcasters	O
in	O
a	O
world	O
that	O
is	O
migrating	O
from	O
TV	O
to	O
Internet	O
and	O
cellular	O
telephone	O
services	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
SBTVD	B-Application
(	O
ISDB-Tb	B-Application
)	O
and	O
the	O
original	O
ISDB-T	O
are	O
not	O
compatible	O
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
the	O
other	O
hand	O
,	O
Brazil	O
is	O
producing	O
several	O
types	O
of	O
TV	O
sets	O
and	O
set-top	O
boxes	O
for	O
the	O
SBTVD	B-Application
(	O
ISDB-Tb	B-Application
)	O
system	O
and	O
in	O
a	O
good	O
quantity	O
and	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
problem	O
meeting	O
the	O
consumer	O
demand	O
for	O
TV	O
sets	O
,	O
set-top	O
boxes	O
and	O
also	O
for	O
transmitters	O
and	O
other	O
components	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Peru	O
,	O
Argentina	O
,	O
Chile	O
,	O
Venezuela	O
,	O
Ecuador	O
,	O
Costa	O
Rica	O
,	O
Paraguay	O
,	O
Uruguay	O
,	O
Philippines	O
and	O
Nicaragua	O
have	O
recently	O
adopted	O
ISDB-T	O
and	O
will	O
reinforce	O
the	O
gains	O
of	O
scale	O
in	O
the	O
production	O
of	O
equipment	O
,	O
thus	O
continuing	O
to	O
reduce	O
the	O
price	O
,	O
consolidating	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
ISDB-T	B-Application
International	I-Application
standard	O
not	O
only	O
in	O
South	O
America	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
months	O
after	O
Presidential	O
Act	O
number	O
5.820	O
,	O
in	O
November	O
2006	O
,	O
the	O
SBTVD	B-Device
Forum	I-Device
was	O
created	O
to	O
lead	O
and	O
coordinate	O
technical	O
discussions	O
about	O
the	O
standard	O
,	O
to	O
create	O
all	O
related	O
documentation	O
(	O
in	O
conjunction	O
with	O
ABNT	O
(	O
Associação	O
Brasileira	O
de	O
Normas	O
Técnicas	O
;	O
Brazilian	O
Association	O
for	O
Technical	O
Standards	O
)	O
)	O
and	O
to	O
plan	O
further	O
developments	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Samsung	B-Application
was	O
the	O
first	O
company	O
to	O
do	O
a	O
public	O
demonstration	O
of	O
SBTVD	B-Application
transmissions	O
and	O
receivers	O
on	O
June	O
19	O
,	O
2007	O
,	O
although	O
other	O
companies	O
claimed	O
to	O
have	O
receivers	O
ready	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
tuner	O
and	O
set-top	O
box	O
were	O
developed	O
in	O
Brazil	O
,	O
at	O
Samsung	B-Application
's	O
research	O
center	O
in	O
Manaus	O
,	O
Amazonas	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
1seg	B-Device
broadcasting	O
to	O
mobile	O
devices	O
was	O
also	O
shown	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
signal	O
was	O
a	O
test	O
reel	O
from	O
TV	O
Globo	O
,	O
broadcast	O
at	O
1080i	O
(	O
the	O
standard	O
does	O
not	O
define	O
1080p	O
)	O
consisting	O
of	O
short	O
clips	O
from	O
soap	O
operas	O
,	O
talk	O
shows	O
,	O
soccer	O
games	O
from	O
recent	O
years	O
and	O
footage	O
of	O
the	O
Brazilian	O
Carnival	B-Application
in	O
Rio	O
de	O
Janeiro	O
along	O
with	O
some	O
scenic	O
views	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Broadcasts	O
of	O
the	O
event	O
could	O
be	O
seen	O
both	O
from	O
Samsung	B-Application
's	O
show	O
room	O
and	O
electronics	O
megastores	O
that	O
received	O
digital	O
tuners	O
to	O
show	O
and	O
demonstrate	O
the	O
technology	O
to	O
the	O
public	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Regular	O
SBTVD	B-Application
broadcasts	O
started	O
on	O
December	O
2	O
,	O
2007	O
,	O
initially	O
in	O
São	O
Paulo	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
16	O
months	O
,	O
the	O
digital	B-Application
TV	I-Application
signal	O
covered	O
almost	O
50%	O
of	O
the	O
Brazilian	O
population	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
country	O
has	O
successfully	O
finished	O
the	O
transition	O
from	O
analog	O
to	O
digital	B-Application
TV	I-Application
in	O
December	O
2018	O
,	O
when	O
analog	O
TV	O
was	O
phased	O
out	O
in	O
most	O
regions	O
where	O
it	O
was	O
still	O
broadcasting	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
unable	O
to	O
receive	O
digital	B-Application
TV	I-Application
)	O
were	O
given	O
set	O
top	O
boxes	O
to	O
enable	O
them	O
to	O
continue	O
watch	O
TV	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
new	O
push	O
in	O
set-top	O
box	O
and	O
DTV	O
sets	O
sales	O
is	O
expected	O
with	O
the	O
final	O
specification	O
of	O
Ginga	B-Application
middleware	B-General_Concept
that	O
will	O
allow	O
interactive	O
use	O
of	O
TV	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ginga	B-Application
1.0	O
(	O
a	O
first	O
implementation	O
of	O
Ginga	B-Application
)	O
was	O
already	O
released	O
for	O
use	O
by	O
set-top	O
box/DTV	O
manufacturers	O
,	O
using	O
NCL	B-Device
(	O
Nested	B-Device
Context	I-Device
Language	I-Device
)	O
/Lua	O
as	O
its	O
declarative	O
programming	O
language	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
That	O
part	O
of	O
Ginga	B-Application
is	O
called	O
Ginga-NCL	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
the	O
complete	O
Ginga	B-Application
middleware	B-General_Concept
specification	O
was	O
planned	O
to	O
present	O
the	O
declarative	O
NCL	B-Device
module	O
and	O
procedural	O
Java	O
module	O
to	O
allow	O
programmers	O
,	O
manufacturers	O
and	O
users	O
to	O
take	O
the	O
best	O
from	O
the	O
two	O
environments	O
:	O
declarative	O
and	O
procedural	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Java	O
part	O
of	O
Ginga	B-Application
,	O
called	O
Ginga-J	B-Application
,	O
had	O
its	O
specification	O
approved	O
by	O
the	O
SBTVD	B-Device
Forum	I-Device
in	O
April	O
2009	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
same	O
forum	O
declared	O
that	O
the	O
APIs	O
set	O
developed	O
by	O
Sun	O
Microsystems	O
,	O
called	O
Java-DTV	O
,	O
is	O
the	O
standard	O
for	O
SBTVD	B-Application
system	O
,	O
after	O
negotiations	O
with	O
Sun	O
Microsystems	O
to	O
reduce	O
royalties	O
in	O
15%	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Hence	O
,	O
the	O
royalty	O
cost	O
defined	O
by	O
Sun	O
for	O
Java-DTV	O
is	O
much	O
more	O
affordable	O
than	O
that	O
charged	O
by	O
GEM	O
APIs	O
owners	O
(	O
GEM	O
middleware	B-General_Concept
is	O
used	O
in	O
DVB-T	O
the	O
European	O
DTV	O
standard	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
That	O
will	O
benefit	O
development	O
of	O
interactive	O
set-top	O
boxes	O
and	O
TV	O
sets	O
keeping	O
them	O
cheaper	O
than	O
if	O
GEM	O
was	O
used	O
as	O
middleware	B-General_Concept
or	O
even	O
if	O
GEM	O
APIs	O
were	O
used	O
with	O
Ginga-J	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
3rd	O
quarter	O
2009	O
the	O
first	O
set-top	O
boxes	O
and	O
TV	O
sets	O
with	O
complete	O
Ginga	B-Application
middleware	B-General_Concept
(	O
Ginga-NCL	B-Application
and	O
Ginga-J	B-Application
)	O
were	O
available	O
in	O
the	O
market	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
May	O
2009	O
a	O
42inch	O
LCD	O
TV	O
FullHD	O
(	O
1920×1080	O
)	O
with	O
built-in	O
Digital	B-Application
TV	I-Application
tuner	O
and	O
special	O
characteristics	O
such	O
as	O
double	O
presentation	O
rate	O
(	O
120Hz	O
)	O
and	O
exceptional	O
contrast	O
(	O
50.000:1	O
)	O
was	O
being	O
sold	O
for	O
R$	O
3,600	O
.00	O
(	O
~	O
US$	O
1,800	O
.00	O
)	O
in	O
São	O
Paulo	O
City	O
,	O
a	O
very	O
impressive	O
price	O
reduction	O
for	O
such	O
a	O
quality	O
product	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
basic	O
devices	O
present	O
even	O
lower	O
prices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
was	O
slowing	O
down	O
the	O
adoption	O
of	O
digital	B-Application
TV	I-Application
in	O
Brazil	O
,	O
since	O
most	O
people	O
that	O
watch	O
FTA	O
TV	O
cannot	O
afford	O
buying	O
expensive	O
LCD	O
TVs	O
,	O
and	O
21	O
and	O
29inch	O
CRT	O
TVs	O
are	O
still	O
very	O
popular	O
among	O
the	O
low	O
income	O
population	O
and	O
can	O
be	O
bought	O
for	O
about	O
R$400	O
–	O
600	O
(	O
US$200	O
–	O
300	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
From	O
2010	O
on	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
mandated	O
that	O
all	O
TV	O
sets	O
sold	O
in	O
Brazil	O
to	O
be	O
ISDB-T	O
compatible	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
massive	O
distribution	O
program	O
of	O
set	O
top	O
boxes	O
to	O
low	O
income	O
citizen	O
who	O
still	O
had	O
old	O
TV	O
sets	O
(	O
unable	O
to	O
receive	O
ISDB-T	O
)	O
was	O
performed	O
between	O
2015	O
and	O
2018	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sales	O
of	O
mobile	O
receivers	O
(	O
for	O
Notebooks	O
,	O
mobile	O
DTV	O
sets	O
and	O
mobile	O
phones	O
with	O
a	O
built-in	O
DTV	O
receiver	O
)	O
are	O
increasing	O
very	O
fast	O
and	O
it	O
seems	O
that	O
mobility	O
is	O
perceived	O
by	O
consumers	O
as	O
a	O
more	O
attractive	O
SBTVD/ISDB	O
-T	O
feature	O
than	O
HD	O
or	O
Full	O
HD	O
definition	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
SBTVD/ISDB	O
-T	O
standard	O
allows	O
a	O
very	O
impressive	O
mobile	O
reception	O
,	O
with	O
high	O
quality	O
and	O
steady	O
image	O
,	O
without	O
noise	O
,	O
excellent	O
audio	O
and	O
very	O
robust	O
reception	O
even	O
in	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
signal	O
reflection	O
,	O
electromagnetic	O
or	O
impulsive	O
interference	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
innovative	O
feature	O
of	O
the	O
ISDB-T	O
standard	O
allows	O
a	O
consumer	O
to	O
watch	O
three	O
different	O
programs	O
at	O
once	O
,	O
or	O
in	O
a	O
sports	O
match	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
possible	O
to	O
watch	O
the	O
game	O
from	O
the	O
point	O
of	O
view	O
of	O
different	O
cameras	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
Japan	O
Multiprogram	O
has	O
been	O
successful	O
with	O
the	O
launch	O
of	O
ISDB-T	O
there	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Brazilian	O
broadcasters	O
defend	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
current	O
analog	O
TV	O
VHF	O
band	O
for	O
the	O
"	O
return	O
channel	O
"	O
,	O
the	O
channel	O
that	O
allows	O
digital	B-Application
TV	I-Application
sets	O
to	O
send	O
data	O
to	O
broadcasters	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
an	O
interactive	O
TV	O
service	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Brazilian	O
and	O
Japanese	O
governments	O
are	O
working	O
together	O
to	O
show	O
the	O
benefits	O
of	O
SBTVD	B-Application
(	O
ISDB-Tb	B-Application
)	O
standard	O
to	O
all	O
South-American	O
countries	O
,	O
focusing	O
specially	O
on	O
the	O
social	O
benefits	O
of	O
digital	O
inclusion	O
through	O
DTV	O
and	O
quality	O
of	O
image	O
,	O
sound	O
and	O
robustness	O
of	O
ISDB-T	O
system	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
mobility	O
and	O
interaction	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Maldives	O
on	O
October	O
19	O
,	O
2011	O
,	O
attracted	O
to	O
Earthquake	O
Early	O
Warning	O
for	O
tsunami	B-Application
,	O
and	O
the	O
first	O
country	O
with	O
8MHz	O
channel	O
bandwidth	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Botswana	O
on	O
February	O
26	O
,	O
2013	O
,	O
first	O
in	O
African	O
countries	O
,	O
and	O
Botswana	O
Television	O
(	O
BTV	O
)	O
officially	O
started	O
digital	B-Application
TV	I-Application
broadcasting	O
on	O
July	O
29	O
,	O
2013	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
Angola	O
reviewed	O
the	O
adoption	O
to	O
ISDB-T	B-Application
International	I-Application
system	O
in	O
March	O
2019	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Brazil	O
and	O
Japan	O
are	O
presenting	O
the	O
benefits	O
of	O
SBTVD/ISDB	O
-Tb	O
standard	O
to	O
Guatemala	O
,	O
Cuba	O
,	O
Belize	O
,	O
Mozambique	O
,	O
Tanzania	O
,	O
Malawi	O
,	O
Thailand	O
,	O
and	O
some	O
SADC	O
countries	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Additionally	O
,	O
Brazil	O
and	O
Japan	O
are	O
trying	O
to	O
present	O
the	O
benefits	O
of	O
SBTVD/ISDB	O
-Tb	O
to	O
Colombia	O
and	O
Panama	O
which	O
have	O
initially	O
chosen	O
the	O
European	O
standard	O
as	O
of	O
January	O
2011	O
and	O
Honduras	O
and	O
El	O
Salvador	O
who	O
have	O
initially	O
chosen	O
the	O
US-American	O
standard	O
as	O
of	O
December	O
2010	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
International	O
Telecommunication	O
Union	O
(	O
ITU	O
)	O
—	O
a	O
United	O
Nations	O
 '	O
regulatory	O
agency	O
for	O
telecommunication	O
and	O
information	O
technology	O
questions	O
—	O
has	O
certified	O
on	O
April	O
29	O
,	O
2009	O
,	O
the	O
module	O
Ginga-NCL	B-Application
and	O
the	O
language	O
NCL/Lua	O
as	O
the	O
first	O
international	O
recommendation	O
for	O
interactive	O
multimedia	O
environments	O
for	O
Digital	B-Application
TV	I-Application
and	O
IPTV	O
—	O
Recommendation	O
H.761	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
NCL/Lua	O
and	O
Ginga-NCL	B-Application
were	O
developed	O
by	O
the	O
TeleMidia	O
Laboratory	O
of	O
the	O
Informatics	O
Department	O
at	O
Pontifícia	O
Universidade	O
Católica	O
do	O
Rio	O
de	O
Janeiro	O
(	O
PUC-Rio	O
)	O
,	O
a	O
Brazilian	O
university	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
an	O
important	O
ITU-T	O
standard	O
as	O
it	O
addresses	O
the	O
standardization	O
of	O
middleware	B-General_Concept
for	O
interactivity	O
in	O
devices	O
and	O
set-top	O
boxes	O
for	O
IPTV	O
and	O
Digital	B-Application
TV	I-Application
,	O
before	O
that	O
market	O
becomes	O
full	O
of	O
incompatible	O
hardware/software	O
solutions	O
,	O
thus	O
impacting	O
final	O
users	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Additionally	O
,	O
in	O
October	O
2009	O
,	O
ITU	O
has	O
defined	O
officially	O
SBTVD	B-Application
as	O
a	O
subsystem	O
for	O
ISBD-T	O
,	O
developing	O
2	O
new	O
recommendations	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
a	O
.	O
UIT-R	O
BT.1699	O
regarding	O
technical	O
aspects	O
of	O
Ginga-NCL	B-Application
middleware	B-General_Concept
for	O
DTV	O
and	O
;	O
</s>
<s>
b	O
.	O
UIT-R	O
BT.1306	O
regarding	O
innovations	O
presented	O
by	O
Brazilian	O
standard	O
over	O
ISDB-T	O
like	O
MPEG-4	O
compression	O
,	O
and	O
others	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
digital	B-Application
TV	I-Application
implementation	O
rollout	O
is	O
finished	O
and	O
analog	O
signal	O
is	O
cut	O
off	O
,	O
then	O
VHF	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
for	O
other	O
services	O
or	O
even	O
to	O
expand	O
digital	O
services	O
to	O
more	O
broadcasters	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ISDB	B-Protocol
system	O
can	O
also	O
work	O
based	O
in	O
cable	O
or	O
satellite	O
transmission	O
(	O
ISDB-C	O
and	O
ISDB-S	O
)	O
using	O
appropriate	O
frequency	O
band	O
,	O
but	O
these	O
standards	O
are	O
outside	O
the	O
scope	O
of	O
this	O
article	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Japan	O
,	O
Brazil	O
,	O
Peru	O
,	O
Argentina	O
,	O
Chile	O
,	O
Venezuela	O
and	O
Ecuador	O
:	O
6MHz	O
(	O
It	O
is	O
possible	O
to	O
use	O
SBTVD/ISDB	O
-T	O
system	O
with	O
13	O
segments	O
in	O
7MHz	O
or	O
8MHz	O
if	O
that	O
is	O
required	O
by	O
any	O
country	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Maldives	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
country	O
to	O
adopt	O
ISDB-T	O
with	O
8MHz	O
channel	O
bandwidth	O
.	O
)	O
</s>
<s>
Note	O
:	O
Japan	O
uses	O
MPEG-2	B-Algorithm
video	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
k	O
)	O
Interactive	O
TV	O
middleware	B-General_Concept
:	O
</s>
<s>
Allows	O
the	O
government	O
or	O
authority	O
configure	O
the	O
Emergency	O
Warning	O
Broadcast	O
system	O
and	O
send	O
an	O
alert	O
(	O
earthquake	O
,	O
tsunami	B-Application
,	O
etc	O
.	O
)	O
</s>
<s>
to	O
each	O
device	O
in	O
the	O
area	O
ISDB-T/SBTVD/ISDB	O
-T	O
International	O
signal	O
is	O
present	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
example	O
of	O
such	O
alert	O
is	O
Earthquake	O
Early	O
Warning	O
(	O
EEW	O
)	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
well-utilized	O
with	O
alert	O
sound	O
and	O
emergency	O
box	O
superimposed	O
on	O
TV	O
screen	O
at	O
time	O
of	O
the	O
2011	O
Tōhoku	O
earthquake	O
and	O
tsunami	B-Application
and	O
many	O
aftershocks	O
in	O
several	O
days	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
April	O
2011	O
,	O
the	O
Chilean	O
Subsecretary	O
of	O
Telecommunications	O
will	O
disclose	O
to	O
implement	O
similar	O
alert	O
system	O
utilized	O
in	O
Japan	O
through	O
ISDB-T	O
.	O
Philippines	O
will	O
implement	O
emergency	O
warning	O
broadcast	O
to	O
households	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
SBTVD	B-Device
Forum	I-Device
closed	O
an	O
agreement	O
with	O
the	O
Brazilian	O
Government	O
for	O
the	O
adoption	O
of	O
the	O
Japanese	O
standard	O
EEW	O
or	O
EWS	O
in	O
June	O
2011	O
.	O
</s>
