<s>
The	B-Device
iPod	I-Device
is	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
portable	O
media	O
players	O
and	O
multi-purpose	O
mobile	B-Application
devices	I-Application
designed	O
and	O
marketed	O
by	O
Apple	O
Inc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
version	O
was	O
released	O
on	O
October	O
23	O
,	O
2001	O
,	O
about	O
months	O
after	O
the	O
Macintosh	O
version	O
of	O
iTunes	B-Operating_System
was	O
released	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apple	O
sold	O
an	O
estimated	O
450	O
million	O
iPod	B-Operating_System
products	O
as	O
of	O
2022	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apple	O
discontinued	O
the	B-Device
iPod	I-Device
product	O
line	O
on	O
May	O
10	O
,	O
2022	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
over	O
20	O
years	O
,	O
the	B-Device
iPod	I-Device
brand	O
is	O
the	O
oldest	O
to	O
be	O
discontinued	O
by	O
Apple	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Like	O
other	O
digital	O
music	O
players	O
,	O
some	O
versions	O
of	O
the	B-Device
iPod	I-Device
can	O
serve	O
as	O
external	O
data	B-Architecture
storage	I-Architecture
devices	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
Prior	O
to	O
macOS	B-Application
10.15	O
,	O
Apple	B-Operating_System
's	I-Operating_System
iTunes	I-Operating_System
software	O
(	O
and	O
other	O
alternative	O
software	O
)	O
could	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
transfer	O
music	O
,	O
photos	O
,	O
videos	O
,	O
games	B-Operating_System
,	O
contact	O
information	O
,	O
e-mail	O
settings	O
,	O
Web	O
bookmarks	O
,	O
and	O
calendars	O
to	O
the	O
devices	O
supporting	O
these	O
features	O
from	O
computers	O
using	O
certain	O
versions	O
of	O
Apple	O
macOS	B-Application
and	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
operating	I-Application
systems	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Before	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
iOS	B-Operating_System
5	I-Operating_System
,	O
the	B-Device
iPod	I-Device
branding	O
was	O
used	O
for	O
the	O
media	O
player	O
included	O
with	O
the	O
iPhone	B-Device
and	O
iPad	B-Device
,	O
which	O
was	O
separated	O
into	O
apps	O
named	O
"	O
Music	O
"	O
and	O
"	O
Videos	O
"	O
on	O
the	B-Device
iPod	I-Device
Touch	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
iOS	B-Operating_System
5	I-Operating_System
,	O
separate	O
Music	O
and	O
Videos	O
apps	O
are	O
standardized	O
across	O
all	O
iOS-powered	O
products	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
the	O
iPhone	B-Device
and	O
iPad	B-Device
have	O
essentially	O
the	O
same	O
media	O
player	O
capabilities	O
as	O
the	B-Device
iPod	I-Device
line	O
,	O
they	O
are	O
generally	O
treated	O
as	O
separate	O
products	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
During	O
the	O
middle	O
of	O
2010	O
,	O
iPhone	B-Device
sales	O
overtook	O
those	O
of	O
the	B-Device
iPod	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Portable	O
MP3	O
players	O
had	O
existed	O
since	O
the	O
mid-1990s	O
,	O
but	O
Apple	O
found	O
existing	O
digital	O
music	O
players	O
"	O
big	O
and	O
clunky	O
or	O
small	O
and	O
useless	O
"	O
with	O
user	B-Application
interfaces	I-Application
that	O
were	O
"	O
unbelievably	O
awful	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Fadell	O
had	O
previously	O
developed	O
the	O
Philips	B-Operating_System
Velo	I-Operating_System
and	O
Nino	B-Operating_System
PDA	I-Operating_System
before	O
starting	O
a	O
company	O
called	O
Fuse	O
Systems	O
to	O
build	O
the	O
new	O
MP3	O
player	O
,	O
but	O
RealNetworks	O
,	O
Sony	O
and	O
Philips	O
had	O
already	O
passed	O
on	O
the	O
project	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Fadell	O
found	O
support	O
for	O
his	O
project	O
with	O
Apple	O
Computer	O
and	O
was	O
hired	O
by	O
Apple	O
in	O
2001	O
as	O
an	O
independent	O
contractor	O
to	O
work	O
on	O
the	B-Device
iPod	I-Device
project	O
,	O
then	O
code-named	O
project	O
P-68	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Because	O
most	O
of	O
Apple	O
's	O
engineering	O
manpower	O
and	O
resources	O
were	O
already	O
dedicated	O
to	O
the	O
iMac	O
line	O
,	O
Fadell	O
hired	O
engineers	O
from	O
his	O
startup	O
company	O
,	O
Fuse	O
,	O
and	O
veteran	O
engineers	O
from	O
General	O
Magic	O
and	O
Philips	O
to	O
build	O
the	O
core	O
iPod	B-Operating_System
development	O
team	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Time	O
constraints	O
forced	O
Fadell	O
to	O
develop	O
various	O
components	O
of	O
the	B-Device
iPod	I-Device
outside	O
Apple	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Fadell	O
partnered	O
with	O
a	O
company	O
called	O
PortalPlayer	O
to	O
design	O
software	O
for	O
the	O
device	O
;	O
this	O
work	O
eventually	O
took	O
shape	O
as	O
the	B-Device
iPod	I-Device
OS	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
device	O
's	O
physical	O
appearance	O
was	O
inspired	O
by	O
the	O
1958	O
Braun	O
T3	O
transistor	O
radio	O
designed	O
by	O
Dieter	O
Rams	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
wheel-based	O
user	B-Application
interface	I-Application
drew	O
on	O
Bang	O
&	O
Olufsen	O
's	O
BeoCom	O
6000	O
telephone	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apple	O
contracted	O
another	O
company	O
,	O
Pixo	O
,	O
to	O
help	O
design	O
and	O
implement	O
the	O
user	B-Application
interface	I-Application
(	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
Unicode	O
,	O
memory	O
management	O
,	O
and	O
event	O
processing	O
)	O
under	O
Jobs	O
 '	O
direct	O
supervision	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
name	O
iPod	B-Operating_System
was	O
proposed	O
by	O
Vinnie	O
Chieco	O
,	O
a	O
freelance	O
copywriter	O
,	O
who	O
(	O
with	O
others	O
)	O
was	O
contracted	O
by	O
Apple	O
to	O
determine	O
how	O
to	O
introduce	O
the	O
new	O
player	O
to	O
the	O
public	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
Chieco	O
saw	O
a	O
prototype	O
,	O
he	O
was	O
reminded	O
of	O
the	O
phrase	O
"	O
Open	O
the	O
pod	O
bay	O
doors	O
,	O
Hal	B-General_Concept
"	O
from	O
the	O
classic	O
sci-fi	O
film	O
2001	O
:	O
A	O
Space	O
Odyssey	O
,	O
referring	O
to	O
the	O
white	O
EVA	O
Pods	O
of	O
the	O
Discovery	O
One	O
spaceship	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Joseph	O
N	O
.	O
Grasso	O
of	O
New	O
Jersey	O
had	O
originally	O
listed	O
an	O
"	O
iPod	B-Operating_System
"	O
trademark	O
with	O
the	O
U.S.	O
Patent	O
and	O
Trademark	O
Office	O
(	O
USPTO	O
)	O
in	O
July	O
2000	O
for	O
Internet	O
kiosks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
iPod	B-Operating_System
kiosks	O
had	O
been	O
demonstrated	O
to	O
the	O
public	O
in	O
New	O
Jersey	O
in	O
March	O
1998	O
,	O
and	O
commercial	O
use	O
began	O
in	O
January	O
2000	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
venture	O
had	O
apparently	O
been	O
discontinued	O
by	O
2001	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
earliest	O
recorded	O
use	O
in	O
commerce	O
of	O
an	O
"	O
iPod	B-Operating_System
"	O
trademark	O
was	O
in	O
1991	O
by	O
Chrysalis	O
Corp	O
.	O
of	O
Sturgis	O
,	O
Michigan	O
,	O
styled	O
"	O
iPOD	B-Operating_System
"	O
,	O
for	O
office	O
furniture	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Starting	O
with	O
the	B-Device
iPod	I-Device
Mini	O
,	O
the	O
Chicago	O
font	O
was	O
replaced	O
with	O
Espy	O
Sans	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Later	O
iPods	B-Operating_System
switched	O
fonts	O
again	O
to	O
Podium	O
Sans	O
—	O
a	O
font	O
similar	O
to	O
Apple	O
's	O
corporate	O
font	O
,	O
Myriad	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Color	O
display	O
iPods	B-Operating_System
then	O
adopted	O
some	O
Mac	B-Application
OS	I-Application
X	I-Application
themes	O
like	O
Aqua	O
progress	O
bars	O
,	O
and	O
brushed	O
metal	O
meant	O
to	O
evoke	O
a	O
combination	O
lock	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
January	O
8	O
,	O
2004	O
,	O
Hewlett-Packard	O
(	O
HP	O
)	O
announced	O
that	O
they	O
would	O
sell	O
HP-branded	B-Operating_System
iPods	I-Operating_System
under	O
a	O
license	O
agreement	O
from	O
Apple	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Several	O
new	O
retail	O
channels	O
were	O
used	O
—	O
including	O
Walmart	O
—	O
and	O
these	O
iPods	B-Operating_System
eventually	O
made	O
up	O
5%	O
of	O
all	O
iPod	B-Operating_System
sales	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
July	O
2005	O
,	O
HP	O
stopped	O
selling	O
iPods	B-Operating_System
due	O
to	O
unfavorable	O
terms	O
and	O
conditions	O
imposed	O
by	O
Apple	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2006	O
,	O
Apple	O
partnered	O
with	O
Irish	O
rock	O
band	O
U2	O
to	O
present	O
a	O
special	O
edition	O
of	O
the	O
5th-generation	O
iPod	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Like	O
its	O
predecessor	O
,	O
this	O
iPod	B-Operating_System
has	O
the	O
signatures	O
of	O
the	O
four	O
members	O
of	O
the	O
band	O
engraved	O
on	O
its	O
back	O
,	O
but	O
this	O
one	O
was	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
the	O
company	O
changed	O
the	O
color	O
of	O
the	O
stainless	O
steel	O
back	O
from	O
a	O
silver	O
chrome	O
to	O
black	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
iPod	B-Operating_System
was	O
only	O
available	O
with	O
30GB	O
of	O
storage	O
capacity	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
special	O
edition	O
entitled	O
purchasers	O
to	O
an	O
exclusive	O
video	O
with	O
33	O
minutes	O
of	O
interviews	O
and	O
performance	O
by	O
U2	O
,	O
downloadable	O
from	O
the	O
iTunes	B-Operating_System
Store	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2007	O
,	O
Apple	O
modified	O
the	B-Device
iPod	I-Device
interface	B-Application
again	O
with	O
the	O
introduction	O
of	O
the	O
sixth-generation	O
iPod	B-Operating_System
Classic	I-Operating_System
and	O
third-generation	O
iPod	B-Device
Nano	I-Device
by	O
changing	O
the	O
font	O
to	O
Helvetica	O
and	O
,	O
in	O
most	O
cases	O
,	O
splitting	O
the	O
screen	O
in	O
half	O
,	O
displaying	O
the	O
menus	O
on	O
the	O
left	O
and	O
album	O
artwork	O
,	O
photos	O
,	O
or	O
videos	O
on	O
the	O
right	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
mid-2015	O
,	O
several	O
new	O
color	O
schemes	O
for	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
current	O
iPod	B-Operating_System
models	O
were	O
spotted	O
in	O
the	O
iTunes	B-Operating_System
12.2	O
update	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Belgian	O
website	O
Belgium	O
iPhone	B-Device
originally	O
found	O
the	O
images	O
after	O
plugging	O
in	O
an	O
iPod	B-Operating_System
for	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
,	O
and	O
subsequent	O
photos	O
were	O
discovered	O
by	O
Pierre	O
Dandumont	O
before	O
being	O
leaked	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
July	O
27	O
,	O
2017	O
,	O
Apple	O
removed	O
the	B-Device
iPod	I-Device
Nano	O
and	O
Shuffle	O
from	O
its	O
stores	O
,	O
marking	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
Apple	O
's	O
production	O
of	O
standalone	O
music	O
players	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
May	O
10	O
,	O
2022	O
,	O
Apple	O
discontinued	O
the	B-Device
iPod	I-Device
Touch	O
,	O
the	O
last	O
remaining	O
product	O
in	O
the	B-Device
iPod	I-Device
line	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
iOS	B-Operating_System
15	I-Operating_System
was	O
the	O
last	O
iOS	B-Application
release	O
the	O
7th	O
generation	O
iPod	B-Device
touch	I-Device
received	O
,	O
as	O
future	O
versions	O
from	O
iOS	B-Operating_System
16	I-Operating_System
onward	O
will	O
no	O
longer	O
support	O
the	O
device	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
+Chipsets	O
and	O
electronicsChipset	O
or	O
electronicProduct(s )	O
Component(s )	O
MicrocontrolleriPod	O
Classic	O
1st	O
to	O
3rd	O
generationsTwo	O
ARM	B-Architecture
7TDMI-derived	O
CPUs	B-General_Concept
running	O
at	O
90	O
MHziPod	O
Classic	O
4th	O
and	O
5th	O
generations	O
,	O
iPod	B-Operating_System
Mini	I-Operating_System
,	O
iPod	B-Device
Nano	I-Device
1st	O
generationVariable-speed	O
ARM	B-Architecture
7TDMI	O
CPUs	B-General_Concept
,	O
running	O
at	O
a	O
peak	O
of	O
80	O
MHz	O
to	O
save	O
battery	O
lifeiPod	O
Classic	O
6th	O
generation	O
,	O
iPod	B-Device
Nano	I-Device
2nd	O
generation	O
onwards	O
,	O
iPod	B-Application
Shuffle	I-Application
2nd	O
generation	O
onwardsSamsung	O
System-on-a-chip	B-Architecture
,	O
based	O
around	O
an	O
ARM	B-Architecture
processor.Cassell	O
,	O
Jonathan	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apple	O
Delivers	O
More	O
For	O
Less	O
With	O
New	O
iPod	B-Device
Nano	I-Device
,	O
iSuppli	O
Corporation	O
,	O
September	O
20	O
,	O
2006	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
How	O
Much	O
Should	O
an	O
IPod	B-Application
Shuffle	I-Application
Cost	O
?,	O
PC	O
World	O
,	O
February	O
24	O
,	O
2005	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Audio	O
tests	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
third-generation	O
iPod	B-Operating_System
has	O
a	O
weak	O
bass	O
response	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Similar	O
capacitors	O
were	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
fourth-generation	O
iPods	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first-generation	O
iPod	B-Application
Shuffle	I-Application
uses	O
a	O
dual-transistor	O
output	O
stage	O
,	O
rather	O
than	O
a	O
single	O
capacitor-coupled	O
output	O
,	O
and	O
does	O
not	O
exhibit	O
reduced	O
bass	O
response	O
for	O
any	O
load	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
all	O
iPods	B-Operating_System
released	O
in	O
2006	O
and	O
earlier	O
,	O
some	O
equalizer	O
(	O
EQ	O
)	O
sound	O
settings	O
can	O
easily	O
distort	O
the	O
bass	O
sound	O
,	O
even	O
on	O
undemanding	O
tracks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
From	O
the	O
fifth-generation	O
iPod	B-Operating_System
on	O
,	O
Apple	O
introduced	O
a	O
user-configurable	O
volume	O
limit	O
in	O
response	O
to	O
concerns	O
about	O
hearing	O
loss	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Users	O
report	O
that	O
in	O
the	O
sixth-generation	O
iPod	B-Operating_System
,	O
the	O
maximum	O
volume	O
output	O
level	O
is	O
limited	O
to	O
100dB	O
in	O
EU	O
markets	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apple	O
previously	O
had	O
to	O
remove	O
iPods	B-Operating_System
from	O
shelves	O
in	O
France	O
for	O
exceeding	O
this	O
legal	O
limit	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
users	O
who	O
bought	O
new	O
sixth-generation	O
iPods	B-Operating_System
in	O
late	O
2013	O
reported	O
a	O
new	O
option	O
that	O
allowed	O
them	O
to	O
disable	O
the	O
EU	O
volume	O
limit	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Older	O
sixth-generation	O
iPods	B-Operating_System
,	O
however	O
,	O
are	O
unable	O
to	O
update	O
to	O
this	O
software	O
version	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Originally	O
,	O
a	O
FireWire	B-Protocol
connection	O
to	O
the	O
host	O
computer	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
update	O
songs	O
or	O
recharge	O
the	O
battery	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
third	O
generation	O
began	O
including	O
a	O
30-pin	O
dock	B-Operating_System
connector	I-Operating_System
,	O
allowing	O
for	O
FireWire	B-Protocol
or	O
USB	B-Protocol
connectivity	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
provided	O
better	O
compatibility	O
with	O
non-Apple	O
machines	O
,	O
as	O
most	O
of	O
them	O
did	O
not	O
have	O
FireWire	B-Protocol
ports	I-Protocol
at	O
the	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Eventually	O
,	O
Apple	O
began	O
shipping	O
iPods	B-Operating_System
with	O
USB	B-Protocol
cables	O
instead	O
of	O
FireWire	B-Protocol
,	O
although	O
the	O
latter	O
was	O
available	O
separately	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
the	O
first-generation	O
iPod	B-Device
Nano	I-Device
and	O
the	O
fifth-generation	O
iPod	B-Operating_System
Classic	I-Operating_System
,	O
Apple	O
discontinued	O
using	O
FireWire	B-Protocol
for	O
data	O
transfer	O
(	O
while	O
still	O
allowing	O
for	O
use	O
of	O
FireWire	B-Protocol
to	O
charge	O
the	O
device	O
)	O
in	O
an	O
attempt	O
to	O
reduce	O
cost	O
and	O
form	O
factor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
the	O
second-generation	O
iPod	B-Device
Touch	I-Device
and	O
the	O
fourth-generation	O
iPod	B-Device
Nano	I-Device
,	O
FireWire	B-Protocol
charging	O
ability	O
has	O
been	O
removed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
second-	O
,	O
third-	O
,	O
and	O
fourth-generation	O
iPod	B-Application
Shuffle	I-Application
uses	O
a	O
single	O
3.5	O
mm	O
minijack	B-Device
phone	B-Device
connector	I-Device
which	O
acts	O
as	O
both	O
a	O
headphone	B-Device
jack	I-Device
or	O
a	O
USB	B-Protocol
data	O
and	O
charging	O
port	O
for	O
the	O
dock/cable	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
dock	B-Operating_System
connector	I-Operating_System
also	O
allowed	O
the	B-Device
iPod	I-Device
to	O
connect	O
to	O
accessories	O
,	O
which	O
often	O
supplement	O
the	B-Device
iPod	I-Device
's	O
music	O
,	O
video	O
,	O
and	O
photo	O
playback	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apple	O
sells	O
a	O
few	O
accessories	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
now-discontinued	O
iPod	B-Device
Hi-Fi	I-Device
,	O
but	O
most	O
are	O
manufactured	O
by	O
third	O
parties	O
such	O
as	O
Belkin	O
and	O
Griffin	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
peripherals	O
use	O
their	O
own	O
interface	B-Application
,	O
while	O
others	O
use	O
the	B-Device
iPod	I-Device
's	O
own	O
screen	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Because	O
the	O
dock	B-Operating_System
connector	I-Operating_System
is	O
a	O
proprietary	O
interface	B-Application
,	O
the	O
implementation	O
of	O
the	O
interface	B-Application
requires	O
paying	O
royalties	O
to	O
Apple	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apple	O
introduced	O
a	O
new	O
8-pin	O
dock	B-Operating_System
connector	I-Operating_System
,	O
named	O
Lightning	B-Architecture
,	O
on	O
September	O
12	O
,	O
2012	O
with	O
their	O
announcement	O
of	O
the	O
iPhone	B-Operating_System
5	I-Operating_System
,	O
the	O
fifth-generation	O
iPod	B-Device
Touch	I-Device
,	O
and	O
the	O
seventh-generation	O
iPod	B-Device
Nano	I-Device
,	O
which	O
all	O
feature	O
it	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
new	O
connector	O
replaces	O
the	O
older	O
30-pin	O
dock	B-Operating_System
connector	I-Operating_System
used	O
by	O
older	O
iPods	B-Operating_System
,	O
iPhones	B-Device
,	O
and	O
iPads	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apple	B-Architecture
Lightning	I-Architecture
cables	O
have	O
pins	O
on	O
both	O
sides	O
of	O
the	O
plug	O
so	O
it	O
can	O
be	O
inserted	O
with	O
either	O
side	O
facing	O
up	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Bluetooth	O
connectivity	O
was	O
added	O
to	O
the	O
last	O
model	O
of	O
the	B-Device
iPod	I-Device
Nano	O
,	O
and	O
Wi-Fi	O
to	O
the	B-Device
iPod	I-Device
Touch	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
accessories	O
have	O
been	O
made	O
for	O
the	B-Device
iPod	I-Device
line	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
large	O
number	O
are	O
made	O
by	O
third-party	O
companies	O
,	O
although	O
many	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	B-Device
iPod	I-Device
Hi-Fi	O
and	O
iPod	B-Device
Socks	I-Device
,	O
are	O
made	O
by	O
Apple	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
accessories	O
offer	O
unique	O
features	O
like	O
the	O
Nike+iPod	B-Application
pedometer	O
and	O
the	B-Device
iPod	I-Device
Camera	O
Connector	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
BMW	O
released	O
the	O
first	O
iPod	B-Operating_System
automobile	O
interface	B-Application
,	O
allowing	O
drivers	O
of	O
newer	O
BMW	O
vehicles	O
to	O
control	O
an	O
iPod	B-Operating_System
using	O
either	O
the	O
built-in	O
steering	O
wheel	O
controls	O
or	O
the	O
radio	O
head-unit	O
buttons	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Scion	O
offers	O
standard	O
iPod	B-Operating_System
connectivity	O
on	O
all	O
their	O
cars	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
independent	O
stereo	O
manufacturers	O
including	O
JVC	O
,	O
Pioneer	O
,	O
Kenwood	O
,	O
Alpine	O
,	O
Sony	O
,	O
and	O
Harman	O
Kardon	O
also	O
have	O
iPod-specific	O
integration	O
solutions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Beginning	O
in	O
mid-2007	O
,	O
four	O
major	O
airlines	O
,	O
United	O
,	O
Continental	O
,	O
Delta	O
,	O
and	O
Emirates	O
,	O
reached	O
agreements	O
to	O
install	O
iPod	B-Operating_System
seat	O
connections	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
free	O
service	O
will	O
allow	O
passengers	O
to	O
power	O
and	O
charge	O
an	O
iPod	B-Operating_System
,	O
and	O
view	O
video	O
and	O
music	O
libraries	O
on	O
individual	O
seat-back	O
displays	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Originally	O
KLM	B-General_Concept
and	O
Air	O
France	O
were	O
reported	O
to	O
be	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
deal	O
with	O
Apple	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
later	O
released	O
statements	O
explaining	O
that	O
they	O
were	O
only	O
contemplating	O
the	O
possibility	O
of	O
incorporating	O
such	O
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	B-Device
iPod	I-Device
line	O
can	O
play	O
several	O
audio	O
file	O
formats	O
including	O
MP3	O
,	O
AAC/M4A	O
,	O
Protected	B-Operating_System
AAC	I-Operating_System
,	O
AIFF	O
,	O
WAV	O
,	O
Audible	B-Application
audiobook	O
,	O
and	O
Apple	B-Algorithm
Lossless	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	B-Device
iPod	I-Device
Photo	O
introduced	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
display	O
JPEG	O
,	O
BMP	B-Device
,	O
GIF	O
,	O
TIFF	O
,	O
and	O
PNG	O
image	O
file	O
formats	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Fifth	O
-	O
and	O
sixth-generation	O
iPod	B-Operating_System
Classic	I-Operating_System
models	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
third-generation	O
iPod	B-Device
Nano	I-Device
models	O
,	O
can	O
also	O
play	O
MPEG-4	B-Algorithm
(	O
H.264/MPEG	B-Application
-4	I-Application
AVC	I-Application
)	O
and	O
QuickTime	B-Application
video	O
formats	O
,	O
with	O
restrictions	O
on	O
video	O
dimensions	O
,	O
encoding	O
techniques	O
and	O
data	O
rates	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Originally	O
,	O
iPod	B-Device
software	I-Device
only	O
worked	O
with	O
Classic	B-Application
Mac	I-Application
OS	I-Application
and	O
macOS	B-Application
;	O
iPod	B-Device
software	I-Device
for	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
was	O
launched	O
with	O
the	O
second-generation	O
model	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unlike	O
most	O
other	O
media	O
players	O
,	O
Apple	O
does	O
not	O
support	O
Microsoft	O
's	O
WMA	B-Application
audio	O
format	O
—	O
but	O
a	O
converter	O
for	O
WMA	B-Application
files	O
without	O
digital	O
rights	O
management	O
(	O
DRM	O
)	O
is	O
provided	O
with	O
the	O
Windows	B-Application
version	O
of	O
iTunes	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
MIDI	O
files	O
also	O
cannot	O
be	O
played	O
,	O
but	O
can	O
be	O
converted	O
to	O
audio	O
files	O
using	O
the	O
"	O
Advanced	O
"	O
menu	O
in	O
iTunes	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Alternative	O
open-source	O
audio	O
formats	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Ogg	B-Algorithm
Vorbis	I-Algorithm
and	O
FLAC	B-Application
,	O
are	O
not	O
supported	O
without	O
installing	O
custom	O
firmware	B-Application
onto	O
an	O
iPod	B-Operating_System
(	O
e.g.	O
,	O
Rockbox	B-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
During	O
installation	O
,	O
an	O
iPod	B-Operating_System
is	O
associated	O
with	O
one	O
host	O
computer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Each	O
time	O
an	O
iPod	B-Operating_System
connects	O
to	O
its	O
host	O
computer	O
,	O
iTunes	B-Operating_System
can	O
synchronize	O
entire	O
music	O
libraries	O
or	O
music	O
playlists	O
either	O
automatically	O
or	O
manually	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Song	O
ratings	O
can	O
be	O
set	O
on	O
an	O
iPod	B-Operating_System
and	O
synchronized	O
later	O
to	O
the	O
iTunes	B-Operating_System
library	O
,	O
and	O
vice	O
versa	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
user	O
can	O
access	O
,	O
play	O
,	O
and	O
add	O
music	O
on	O
a	O
second	O
computer	O
if	O
an	O
iPod	B-Operating_System
is	O
set	O
to	O
manual	O
and	O
not	O
automatic	O
sync	O
,	O
but	O
anything	O
added	O
or	O
edited	O
will	O
be	O
reversed	O
upon	O
connecting	O
and	O
syncing	O
with	O
the	O
main	O
computer	O
and	O
its	O
library	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
If	O
a	O
user	O
wishes	O
to	O
automatically	O
sync	O
music	O
with	O
another	O
computer	O
,	O
an	O
iPod	B-Operating_System
's	O
library	O
will	O
be	O
entirely	O
wiped	O
and	O
replaced	O
with	O
the	O
other	O
computer	O
's	O
library	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
iPods	B-Operating_System
with	O
color	O
displays	O
use	O
anti-aliased	B-Algorithm
graphics	O
and	O
text	O
,	O
with	O
sliding	O
animations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
iPods	B-Operating_System
(	O
except	O
the	O
3rd-generation	B-Application
iPod	I-Application
Shuffle	I-Application
,	O
the	O
6th	B-Device
&	I-Device
7th	I-Device
generation	I-Device
iPod	I-Device
Nano	I-Device
,	O
and	O
iPod	B-Device
Touch	I-Device
)	O
have	O
five	O
buttons	O
and	O
the	O
later	O
generations	O
have	O
the	O
buttons	O
integrated	O
into	O
the	O
click	B-Device
wheel	I-Device
–	O
an	O
innovation	O
that	O
gives	O
an	O
uncluttered	O
,	O
minimalist	O
interface	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
operations	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
scrolling	O
through	O
menu	O
items	O
and	O
controlling	O
the	O
volume	O
,	O
are	O
performed	O
by	O
using	O
the	O
click	B-Device
wheel	I-Device
in	O
a	O
rotational	O
manner	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
3rd-generation	B-Application
iPod	I-Application
Shuffle	I-Application
does	O
not	O
have	O
any	O
controls	O
on	O
the	O
actual	O
player	O
;	O
instead	O
,	O
it	O
has	O
a	O
small	O
control	O
on	O
the	O
earphone	O
cable	O
,	O
with	O
volume-up	O
and	O
-down	O
buttons	O
and	O
a	O
single	O
button	O
for	O
play	O
and	O
pause	O
,	O
next	O
track	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	B-Device
iPod	I-Device
Touch	O
has	O
no	O
click-wheel	O
;	O
instead	O
,	O
it	O
uses	O
a	O
touch	O
screen	O
along	O
with	O
a	O
home	O
button	O
,	O
sleep/wake	O
button	O
,	O
and	O
(	O
on	O
the	O
second	O
and	O
third	O
generations	O
of	O
the	B-Device
iPod	I-Device
Touch	O
)	O
volume-up	O
and	O
-down	O
buttons	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
user	B-Application
interface	I-Application
for	O
the	B-Device
iPod	I-Device
Touch	O
is	O
identical	O
to	O
that	O
of	O
the	O
iPhone	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Both	O
devices	O
use	O
iOS	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
iTunes	B-Operating_System
Store	O
(	O
introduced	O
April	O
29	O
,	O
2003	O
)	O
is	O
an	O
online	O
media	O
store	O
run	O
by	O
Apple	O
and	O
accessed	O
through	O
iTunes	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
the	O
time	O
the	O
store	O
was	O
introduced	O
,	O
purchased	O
audio	O
files	O
used	O
the	O
AAC	B-Application
format	I-Application
with	O
added	O
encryption	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
FairPlay	B-Operating_System
DRM	I-Operating_System
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Up	O
to	O
five	O
authorized	O
computers	O
and	O
an	O
unlimited	O
number	O
of	O
iPods	B-Operating_System
could	O
play	O
the	O
files	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Burning	O
the	O
files	O
with	O
iTunes	B-Operating_System
as	O
an	O
audio	O
CD	O
,	O
then	O
re-importing	O
would	O
create	O
music	O
files	O
without	O
the	O
DRM	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
in	O
a	O
deal	O
with	O
Apple	O
,	O
EMI	O
began	O
selling	O
DRM-free	O
,	O
higher-quality	O
songs	O
on	O
the	O
iTunes	B-Operating_System
Stores	O
,	O
in	O
a	O
category	O
called	O
"	O
iTunes	B-Operating_System
Plus.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
October	O
17	O
,	O
2007	O
,	O
Apple	O
lowered	O
the	O
cost	O
of	O
individual	O
iTunes	B-Operating_System
Plus	O
songs	O
to	O
per	O
song	O
,	O
the	O
same	O
as	O
DRM	O
encoded	O
tracks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
iPods	B-Operating_System
cannot	O
play	O
music	O
files	O
from	O
competing	O
music	O
stores	O
that	O
use	O
rival-DRM	O
technologies	O
like	O
Microsoft	O
's	O
protected	O
WMA	B-Application
or	O
RealNetworks	O
 '	O
Helix	B-Application
DRM	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Example	O
stores	O
include	O
Napster	B-Application
and	O
MSN	O
Music	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
RealNetworks	O
claims	O
that	O
Apple	O
is	O
creating	O
problems	O
for	O
itself	O
by	O
using	O
FairPlay	B-Operating_System
to	O
lock	O
users	O
into	O
using	O
the	O
iTunes	B-Operating_System
Store	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Steve	O
Jobs	O
stated	O
that	O
Apple	O
makes	O
little	O
profit	O
from	O
song	O
sales	O
,	O
although	O
Apple	O
uses	O
the	O
store	O
to	O
promote	O
iPod	B-Operating_System
sales	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
iPods	B-Operating_System
can	O
also	O
play	O
music	O
files	O
from	O
online	O
stores	O
that	O
do	O
not	O
use	O
DRM	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
eMusic	O
or	O
Amie	O
Street	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Universal	O
Music	O
Group	O
decided	O
not	O
to	O
renew	O
their	O
contract	O
with	O
the	O
iTunes	B-Operating_System
Store	O
on	O
July	O
3	O
,	O
2007	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Universal	O
will	O
now	O
supply	O
iTunes	B-Operating_System
in	O
an	O
'	O
at	O
will	O
 '	O
capacity	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apple	O
debuted	O
the	O
iTunes	B-Operating_System
Wi-Fi	O
Music	O
Store	O
on	O
September	O
5	O
,	O
2007	O
,	O
in	O
its	O
Media	O
Event	O
entitled	O
"	O
The	O
Beat	O
Goes	O
On	O
...	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
service	O
allows	O
users	O
to	O
access	O
the	O
Music	O
Store	O
from	O
either	O
an	O
iPhone	B-Device
or	O
an	O
iPod	B-Device
Touch	I-Device
and	O
download	O
songs	O
directly	O
to	O
the	O
device	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
synced	O
to	O
the	O
user	O
's	O
iTunes	B-Operating_System
Library	O
over	O
a	O
WiFi	O
connection	O
,	O
or	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
an	O
iPhone	B-Device
,	O
the	O
telephone	O
network	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Video	O
games	B-Operating_System
are	O
playable	O
on	O
various	O
versions	O
of	O
iPods	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
original	O
iPod	B-Operating_System
had	O
the	O
game	O
Brick	B-Application
(	O
originally	O
invented	O
by	O
Apple	O
's	O
co-founder	O
Steve	O
Wozniak	O
)	O
included	O
as	O
an	O
easter	O
egg	O
hidden	O
feature	O
;	O
later	O
firmware	B-Application
versions	O
added	O
it	O
as	O
a	O
menu	O
option	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Later	O
revisions	O
of	O
the	B-Device
iPod	I-Device
added	O
three	O
more	O
games	B-Operating_System
:	O
Parachute	O
,	O
Solitaire	B-Algorithm
,	O
and	O
Music	O
Quiz	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
September	O
2006	O
,	O
the	O
iTunes	B-Operating_System
Store	O
began	O
to	O
offer	O
additional	O
games	B-Operating_System
for	O
purchase	O
with	O
the	O
launch	O
of	O
iTunes	B-Operating_System
7	I-Operating_System
,	O
compatible	O
with	O
the	O
fifth	O
generation	O
iPod	B-Operating_System
with	O
iPod	B-Device
software	I-Device
1.2	O
or	O
later	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Those	O
games	B-Operating_System
were	O
:	O
Bejeweled	B-Device
,	O
Cubis	O
2	O
,	O
Mahjong	B-Application
,	O
Mini	O
Golf	O
,	O
Pac-Man	B-Application
,	O
Tetris	B-Device
,	O
Texas	B-Device
Hold	I-Device
'	I-Device
Em	I-Device
,	O
Vortex	B-Application
,	O
Asphalt	B-Application
4	I-Application
:	I-Application
Elite	I-Application
Racing	I-Application
and	O
Zuma	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Additional	O
games	B-Operating_System
have	O
since	O
been	O
added	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
games	B-Operating_System
work	O
on	O
the	O
6th	O
and	O
5th	O
generation	O
iPod	B-Operating_System
Classic	I-Operating_System
and	O
the	O
5th	O
and	O
4th	B-Operating_System
generation	I-Operating_System
iPod	B-Device
Nano	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
third	O
parties	O
like	O
Namco	O
,	O
Square	O
Enix	O
,	O
Electronic	O
Arts	O
,	O
Sega	O
,	O
and	O
Hudson	O
Soft	O
all	O
making	O
games	B-Operating_System
for	O
the	B-Device
iPod	I-Device
,	O
Apple	O
's	O
MP3	O
player	O
has	O
taken	O
steps	O
towards	O
entering	O
the	O
video	O
game	O
handheld	B-Application
console	O
market	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Even	O
video	O
game	O
magazines	O
like	O
GamePro	O
and	O
EGM	O
have	O
reviewed	O
and	O
rated	O
most	O
of	O
their	O
games	B-Operating_System
as	O
of	O
late	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
games	B-Operating_System
are	O
in	O
the	O
form	O
of	O
.ipg	B-Operating_System
files	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
actually	O
.zip	B-General_Concept
archives	O
in	O
disguise	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
unzipped	O
,	O
they	O
reveal	O
executable	O
files	O
along	O
with	O
common	O
audio	O
and	O
image	O
files	O
,	O
leading	O
to	O
the	O
possibility	O
of	O
third	O
party	O
games	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apple	O
has	O
not	O
publicly	O
released	O
a	O
software	B-Application
development	I-Application
kit	I-Application
(	O
SDK	O
)	O
for	O
iPod-specific	O
development	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apps	O
produced	O
with	O
the	O
iPhone	B-Operating_System
SDK	I-Operating_System
are	O
compatible	O
only	O
with	O
the	O
iOS	B-Application
on	O
the	B-Device
iPod	I-Device
Touch	O
and	O
iPhone	B-Device
,	O
which	O
cannot	O
run	O
click	O
wheel-based	O
games	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
iPods	B-Operating_System
except	O
for	O
the	B-Device
iPod	I-Device
Touch	O
can	O
function	O
in	O
"	O
disk	O
mode	O
"	O
as	O
mass	B-Architecture
storage	I-Architecture
devices	I-Architecture
to	O
store	O
data	O
files	O
but	O
this	O
has	O
to	O
be	O
manually	O
activated	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
If	O
an	O
iPod	B-Operating_System
is	O
formatted	O
on	O
a	O
Mac	B-Application
OS	I-Application
computer	O
,	O
it	O
uses	O
the	O
HFS+	B-Application
file	O
system	O
format	O
,	O
which	O
allows	O
it	O
to	O
serve	O
as	O
a	O
boot	B-Operating_System
disk	I-Operating_System
for	O
a	O
Mac	O
computer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
If	O
it	O
is	O
formatted	O
on	O
Windows	B-Application
,	O
the	O
FAT32	B-Application
format	O
is	O
used	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
the	O
Windows-compatible	O
iPod	B-Operating_System
,	O
the	O
default	O
file	O
system	O
used	O
on	O
the	B-Device
iPod	I-Device
line	O
switched	O
from	O
HFS+	B-Application
to	O
FAT32	B-Application
,	O
although	O
it	O
can	O
be	O
reformatted	O
to	O
either	O
file	O
system	O
(	O
excluding	O
the	B-Device
iPod	I-Device
Shuffle	O
which	O
is	O
strictly	O
FAT32	B-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Generally	O
,	O
if	O
a	O
new	O
iPod	B-Operating_System
(	O
excluding	O
the	B-Device
iPod	I-Device
Shuffle	O
)	O
is	O
initially	O
plugged	O
into	O
a	O
computer	O
running	O
Windows	B-Application
,	O
it	O
will	O
be	O
formatted	O
with	O
FAT32	B-Application
,	O
and	O
if	O
initially	O
plugged	O
into	O
a	O
Mac	O
running	O
Mac	B-Application
OS	I-Application
it	O
will	O
be	O
formatted	O
with	O
HFS+	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unlike	O
many	O
other	O
MP3	O
players	O
,	O
simply	O
copying	O
audio	O
or	O
video	O
files	O
to	O
the	O
drive	O
with	O
a	O
typical	O
file	B-Application
management	I-Application
application	I-Application
will	O
not	O
allow	O
an	O
iPod	B-Operating_System
to	O
properly	O
access	O
them	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
user	O
must	O
use	O
software	O
that	O
has	O
been	O
specifically	O
designed	O
to	O
transfer	O
media	O
files	O
to	O
iPods	B-Operating_System
so	O
that	O
the	O
files	O
are	O
playable	O
and	O
viewable	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Usually	O
iTunes	B-Operating_System
is	O
used	O
to	O
transfer	O
media	O
to	O
an	O
iPod	B-Operating_System
,	O
though	O
several	B-Operating_System
alternative	I-Operating_System
third-party	I-Operating_System
applications	I-Operating_System
are	O
available	O
on	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
different	O
platforms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
iTunes	B-Operating_System
7	I-Operating_System
and	O
above	O
can	O
transfer	O
purchased	O
media	O
of	O
the	O
iTunes	B-Operating_System
Store	O
from	O
an	O
iPod	B-Operating_System
to	O
a	O
computer	O
,	O
provided	O
that	O
computer	O
containing	O
the	O
DRM	O
protected	O
media	O
is	O
authorized	O
to	O
play	O
it	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Media	O
files	O
are	O
stored	O
on	O
an	O
iPod	B-Operating_System
in	O
a	O
hidden	B-Application
folder	I-Application
,	O
along	O
with	O
a	O
proprietary	O
database	O
file	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
hidden	O
content	O
can	O
be	O
accessed	O
on	O
the	O
host	O
operating	O
system	O
by	O
enabling	O
hidden	B-Application
files	I-Application
to	O
be	O
shown	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
media	O
files	O
can	O
then	O
be	O
recovered	O
manually	O
by	O
copying	O
the	O
files	O
or	O
folders	O
off	O
the	B-Device
iPod	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
third-party	O
applications	O
also	O
allow	O
easy	O
copying	O
of	O
media	O
files	O
off	O
of	O
an	O
iPod	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
the	O
suffix	O
"	O
Classic	O
"	O
was	O
not	O
introduced	O
until	O
the	O
sixth	O
generation	O
,	O
it	O
has	O
been	O
applied	O
here	O
retroactively	O
to	O
all	O
non-suffixed	O
iPods	B-Operating_System
for	O
clarity	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2005	O
,	O
Apple	O
faced	O
two	O
lawsuits	O
claiming	O
patent	O
infringement	O
by	O
the	B-Device
iPod	I-Device
line	O
and	O
its	O
associated	O
technologies	O
:	O
Advanced	O
Audio	O
Devices	O
claimed	O
the	B-Device
iPod	I-Device
line	O
breached	O
its	O
patent	O
on	O
a	O
"	O
music	O
jukebox	O
"	O
,	O
while	O
a	O
Hong	O
Kong-based	O
IP	O
portfolio	O
company	O
called	O
Pat-rights	O
filed	O
a	O
suit	O
claiming	O
that	O
Apple	O
's	O
FairPlay	B-Operating_System
technology	O
breached	O
a	O
patent	O
issued	O
to	O
inventor	O
Ho	O
Keung	O
Tse	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
latter	O
case	O
also	O
includes	O
the	O
online	O
music	O
stores	O
of	O
Sony	O
,	O
RealNetworks	O
,	O
Napster	B-Application
,	O
and	O
Musicmatch	O
as	O
defendants	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apple	O
's	O
application	O
to	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
Patent	O
and	O
Trademark	O
Office	O
for	O
a	O
patent	O
on	O
"	O
rotational	O
user	O
inputs	O
"	O
,	O
as	O
used	O
on	O
the	B-Device
iPod	I-Device
interface	B-Application
,	O
received	O
a	O
third	O
"	O
non-final	O
rejection	O
"	O
(	O
NFR	O
)	O
in	O
August	O
2005	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Also	O
in	O
August	O
2005	O
,	O
Creative	O
Technology	O
,	O
one	O
of	O
Apple	O
's	O
main	O
rivals	O
in	O
the	O
MP3	O
player	O
market	O
,	O
announced	O
that	O
it	O
held	O
a	O
patent	O
on	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
music	O
selection	O
interface	B-Application
used	O
by	O
the	B-Device
iPod	I-Device
line	O
,	O
which	O
Creative	O
Technology	O
dubbed	O
the	O
"	O
Zen	O
Patent	O
"	O
,	O
granted	O
on	O
August	O
9	O
,	O
2005	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Creative	O
also	O
asked	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
International	O
Trade	O
Commission	O
to	O
investigate	O
whether	O
Apple	O
was	O
breaching	O
U.S.	O
trade	O
laws	O
by	O
importing	O
iPods	B-Operating_System
into	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Creative	O
then	O
announced	O
its	O
intention	O
to	O
produce	O
iPod	B-Operating_System
accessories	O
by	O
joining	O
the	O
Made	O
for	O
iPod	B-Operating_System
program	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sales	O
of	O
iPods	B-Operating_System
peaked	O
in	O
2008	O
,	O
following	O
rapid	O
growth	O
in	O
the	O
period	O
of	O
2005	O
to	O
2007	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
January	O
2007	O
,	O
Apple	O
reported	O
record	O
quarterly	O
revenue	O
of	O
US	O
$7.1	O
billion	O
,	O
of	O
which	O
48%	O
was	O
made	O
from	O
iPod	B-Operating_System
sales	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
April	O
9	O
,	O
2007	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
announced	O
that	O
Apple	O
had	O
sold	O
its	O
one-hundred	O
millionth	O
iPod	B-Operating_System
,	O
making	O
it	O
the	O
best-selling	O
digital	O
music	O
player	O
of	O
all	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Its	O
second-quarter	O
revenue	O
of	O
US	O
$5.2	O
billion	O
,	O
of	O
which	O
32%	O
was	O
made	O
from	O
iPod	B-Operating_System
sales	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apple	O
and	O
several	O
industry	O
analysts	O
suggest	O
that	O
iPod	B-Operating_System
users	O
are	O
likely	O
to	O
purchase	O
other	O
Apple	O
products	O
such	O
as	O
Mac	O
computers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
42%	O
of	O
Apple	O
's	O
revenue	O
for	O
the	O
First	O
fiscal	O
quarter	O
of	O
2008	O
came	O
from	O
iPod	B-Operating_System
sales	O
(	O
followed	O
by	O
21%	O
from	O
notebook	O
sales	O
and	O
16%	O
from	O
desktop	O
sales	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
October	O
21	O
,	O
2008	O
,	O
Apple	O
reported	O
that	O
only	O
14.21	O
%	O
of	O
total	O
revenue	O
for	O
fiscal	O
quarter	O
4	O
of	O
the	O
year	O
2008	O
came	O
from	O
iPods	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
the	O
September	O
9	O
,	O
2009	O
keynote	O
presentation	O
at	O
the	O
Apple	O
Event	O
,	O
Phil	O
Schiller	O
announced	O
total	O
cumulative	O
sales	O
of	O
iPods	B-Operating_System
exceeded	O
220	O
million	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
continual	O
decline	O
of	O
iPod	B-Operating_System
sales	O
since	O
2009	O
has	O
not	O
been	O
a	O
surprising	O
trend	O
for	O
the	O
Apple	O
corporation	O
,	O
as	O
Apple	O
CFO	O
Peter	O
Oppenheimer	O
explained	O
in	O
June	O
2009	O
:	O
"	O
We	O
expect	O
our	O
traditional	O
MP3	O
players	O
to	O
decline	O
over	O
time	O
as	O
we	O
cannibalize	O
ourselves	O
with	O
the	B-Device
iPod	I-Device
Touch	O
and	O
the	O
iPhone.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
2009	O
,	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
iPod	B-Operating_System
sales	O
have	O
continually	O
decreased	O
every	O
financial	O
quarter	O
and	O
in	O
2013	O
a	O
new	O
model	O
was	O
not	O
introduced	O
onto	O
the	O
market	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
,	O
Apple	O
reported	O
that	O
total	O
number	O
of	O
iPods	B-Operating_System
sold	O
worldwide	O
was	O
350	O
million	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
October	O
2004	O
,	O
the	B-Device
iPod	I-Device
line	O
has	O
dominated	O
digital	O
music	O
player	O
sales	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
,	O
with	O
over	O
90%	O
of	O
the	O
market	O
for	O
hard	O
drive-based	O
players	O
and	O
over	O
70%	O
of	O
the	O
market	O
for	O
all	O
types	O
of	O
players	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
January	O
2007	O
the	B-Device
iPod	I-Device
market	O
share	O
reached	O
72.7	O
%	O
according	O
to	O
Bloomberg	O
Online	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
Japanese	O
market	O
iPod	B-Operating_System
market	O
share	O
was	O
36%	O
in	O
2005	O
,	O
albeit	O
still	O
leader	O
there	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
of	O
the	O
reasons	O
for	O
the	B-Device
iPod	I-Device
's	O
early	O
success	O
,	O
having	O
been	O
released	O
three	O
years	O
after	O
the	O
very	O
first	O
digital	O
audio	O
player	O
(	O
namely	O
the	O
MPMan	O
)	O
,	O
was	O
its	O
seamless	O
integration	O
with	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
iTunes	B-Operating_System
software	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
ecosystem	O
built	O
around	O
it	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
iTunes	B-Operating_System
Music	O
Store	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
a	O
competitive	O
price	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
software	O
similarity	O
between	O
computer	O
and	O
player	O
made	O
it	O
easy	O
to	O
transfer	O
music	O
over	O
and	O
synchronize	O
it	O
,	O
tasks	O
that	O
were	O
considered	O
difficult	O
on	O
pre-iPod	O
MP3	O
players	O
such	O
as	O
those	O
from	O
Rio	O
and	O
Creative	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
of	O
the	B-Device
iPod	I-Device
's	O
chief	O
competitors	O
during	O
its	O
pinnacle	O
include	O
Creative	O
's	O
Zen	O
,	O
SanDisk	O
's	O
Sansa	O
,	O
Sony	O
's	O
Walkman	O
,	O
iriver	O
,	O
and	O
Samsung	B-Application
's	O
Yepp	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	B-Device
iPod	I-Device
's	O
dominance	O
was	O
challenged	O
numerous	O
times	O
:	O
in	O
2004	O
Sony	O
's	O
first	O
hard	O
disk	O
Walkman	O
was	O
designed	O
to	O
take	O
on	O
the	B-Device
iPod	I-Device
,	O
accompanied	O
by	O
its	O
own	O
music	O
store	O
Sony	O
Connect	O
;	O
Microsoft	O
initially	O
attempted	O
to	O
compete	O
using	O
a	O
software	O
platform	O
called	O
Portable	B-Operating_System
Media	I-Operating_System
Center	I-Operating_System
,	O
and	O
in	O
later	O
years	O
designed	O
the	O
Zune	B-Device
line	O
;	O
the	O
most	O
vocal	O
rival	O
was	O
Creative	O
,	O
whose	O
CEO	O
in	O
November	O
2004	O
"	O
declared	O
war	O
"	O
on	O
the	B-Device
iPod	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Samsung	B-Application
declared	O
that	O
they	O
would	O
take	O
the	O
top	O
spot	O
from	O
Apple	O
by	O
2007	O
,	O
while	O
SanDisk	O
ran	O
a	O
specific	O
anti-iPod	O
marketing	O
campaign	O
called	O
iDo	O
n't	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mobile	O
phone	O
manufacturers	O
Nokia	O
and	O
Sony	O
Ericsson	O
also	O
made	O
"	O
music	O
phones	O
"	O
to	O
rival	O
iPod	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
suggested	O
factor	O
of	O
iPod	B-Operating_System
's	O
popularity	O
has	O
been	O
cited	O
to	O
be	O
Apple	O
's	O
popular	O
iTunes	B-Operating_System
Store	O
catalog	O
,	O
playing	O
a	O
part	O
in	O
keeping	O
Apple	O
firmly	O
market	O
leader	O
,	O
while	O
also	O
helped	O
by	O
the	O
mismanagement	O
of	O
others	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Sony	O
's	O
unpopular	O
SonicStage	B-Application
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
notable	O
exception	O
where	O
iPod	B-Operating_System
was	O
not	O
faring	O
well	O
was	O
in	O
South	O
Korea	O
,	O
where	O
as	O
of	O
2005	O
Apple	O
held	O
a	O
small	O
market	O
share	O
of	O
less	O
than	O
2%	O
,	O
compared	O
to	O
market	O
leaders	O
iriver	O
,	O
Samsung	B-Application
and	O
Cowon	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
2011	O
,	O
iPod	B-Operating_System
held	O
a	O
70%	O
market	O
share	O
in	O
global	O
MP3	O
players	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
iPods	B-Operating_System
have	O
won	O
several	O
awards	O
ranging	O
from	O
engineering	O
excellence	O
,	O
to	O
most	O
innovative	O
audio	O
product	O
,	O
to	O
fourth-best	O
computer	O
product	O
of	O
2006	O
.	O
iPods	B-Operating_System
often	O
receive	O
favorable	O
reviews	O
;	O
scoring	O
on	O
looks	O
,	O
clean	O
design	O
,	O
and	O
ease	O
of	O
use	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
PC	O
World	O
wrote	O
that	O
iPod	B-Operating_System
line	O
has	O
"	O
altered	O
the	O
landscape	O
for	O
portable	O
audio	O
players	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Several	O
industries	O
are	O
modifying	O
their	O
products	O
to	O
work	O
better	O
with	O
both	O
the	B-Device
iPod	I-Device
line	O
and	O
the	O
AAC	B-Application
audio	O
format	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Examples	O
include	O
CD	O
copy-protection	O
schemes	O
,	O
and	O
mobile	O
phones	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
phones	O
from	O
Sony	O
Ericsson	O
and	O
Nokia	O
,	O
which	O
play	O
AAC	B-Application
files	I-Application
rather	O
than	O
WMA	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Besides	O
earning	O
a	O
reputation	O
as	O
a	O
respected	O
entertainment	O
device	O
,	O
the	B-Device
iPod	I-Device
has	O
also	O
been	O
accepted	O
as	O
a	O
business	O
device	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Government	O
departments	O
,	O
major	O
institutions	O
,	O
and	O
international	O
organizations	O
have	O
turned	O
to	O
the	B-Device
iPod	I-Device
line	O
as	O
a	O
delivery	O
mechanism	O
for	O
business	O
communication	O
and	O
training	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
Royal	O
and	O
Western	O
Infirmaries	O
in	O
Glasgow	O
,	O
Scotland	O
,	O
where	O
iPods	B-Operating_System
are	O
used	O
to	O
train	O
new	O
staff	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
iPods	B-Operating_System
have	O
also	O
gained	O
popularity	O
for	O
use	O
in	O
education	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apple	O
offers	O
more	O
information	O
on	O
educational	O
uses	O
for	O
iPods	B-Operating_System
on	O
its	O
website	O
,	O
including	O
a	O
collection	O
of	O
lesson	O
plans	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Duke	O
University	O
provided	O
iPods	B-Operating_System
to	O
all	O
incoming	O
freshmen	O
in	O
the	O
fall	O
of	O
2004	O
,	O
and	O
the	B-Device
iPod	I-Device
program	O
continues	O
today	O
with	O
modifications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	B-Device
iPod	I-Device
has	O
also	O
been	O
credited	O
with	O
accelerating	O
shifts	O
within	O
the	O
music	O
industry	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	B-Device
iPod	I-Device
's	O
popularization	O
of	O
digital	O
music	O
storage	O
allows	O
users	O
to	O
abandon	O
listening	O
to	O
entire	O
albums	O
and	O
instead	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
choose	O
specific	O
singles	O
which	O
hastened	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
Album	O
Era	O
in	O
popular	O
music	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
the	O
fifth-generation	O
iPod	B-Operating_System
Classic	I-Operating_System
was	O
advertised	O
as	O
having	O
up	O
to	O
14	O
hours	O
of	O
music	O
playback	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
an	O
MP3.com	O
report	O
stated	O
that	O
this	O
was	O
virtually	O
unachievable	O
under	O
real-life	O
usage	O
conditions	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
writer	O
for	O
the	O
site	O
getting	O
,	O
on	O
average	O
,	O
less	O
than	O
8	O
hours	O
from	O
an	O
iPod	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
lawsuits	O
were	O
settled	O
by	O
offering	O
individuals	O
with	O
first	O
-	O
or	O
second-generation	O
iPods	B-Operating_System
either	O
store	O
credit	O
or	O
a	O
free	O
battery	O
replacement	O
,	O
and	O
offering	O
individuals	O
with	O
third-generation	O
iPods	B-Operating_System
an	O
extended	O
warranty	O
that	O
would	O
allow	O
them	O
to	O
get	O
a	O
replacement	O
iPod	B-Operating_System
if	O
they	O
experienced	O
battery	O
problems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
an	O
instance	O
of	O
planned	O
obsolescence	O
,	O
iPod	B-Operating_System
batteries	O
are	O
not	O
designed	O
to	O
be	O
removed	O
or	O
replaced	O
by	O
the	O
user	O
,	O
although	O
some	O
users	O
have	O
been	O
able	O
to	O
open	O
the	O
case	O
themselves	O
,	O
usually	O
following	O
instructions	O
from	O
third-party	O
vendors	O
of	O
iPod	B-Operating_System
replacement	O
batteries	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
official	O
policy	O
was	O
that	O
the	O
customer	O
should	O
buy	O
a	O
refurbished	O
replacement	O
iPod	B-Operating_System
,	O
at	O
a	O
cost	O
almost	O
equivalent	O
to	O
a	O
brand	O
new	O
one	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
week	O
later	O
,	O
Apple	O
offered	O
an	O
extended	O
iPod	B-Operating_System
warranty	O
for	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
the	B-Device
iPod	I-Device
Nano	O
,	O
soldering	O
tools	O
are	O
needed	O
because	O
the	O
battery	O
is	O
soldered	O
onto	O
the	O
main	O
board	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Fifth	O
generation	O
iPods	B-Operating_System
have	O
their	O
battery	O
attached	O
to	O
the	O
backplate	O
with	O
adhesive	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
generation	O
iPod	B-Device
Nano	I-Device
may	O
overheat	O
and	O
pose	O
a	O
health	O
and	O
safety	O
risk	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Affected	O
iPod	B-Operating_System
Nanos	O
were	O
sold	O
between	O
September	O
2005	O
and	O
December	O
2006	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apple	O
recommended	O
that	O
owners	O
of	O
affected	O
iPod	B-Operating_System
Nanos	O
stop	O
using	O
them	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
iPods	B-Operating_System
have	O
been	O
criticized	O
for	O
alleged	O
short	O
lifespan	O
and	O
fragile	O
hard	O
drives	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
2005	O
survey	O
conducted	O
on	O
the	O
MacInTouch	O
website	O
found	O
that	O
the	B-Device
iPod	I-Device
line	O
had	O
an	O
average	O
failure	O
rate	O
of	O
13.7	O
%	O
(	O
although	O
they	O
note	O
that	O
comments	O
from	O
respondents	O
indicate	O
that	O
"	O
the	O
true	O
iPod	B-Operating_System
failure	O
rate	O
may	O
be	O
lower	O
than	O
it	O
appears	O
"	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
particular	O
,	O
failure	O
rates	O
for	O
iPods	B-Operating_System
employing	O
hard	O
drives	O
were	O
usually	O
above	O
20%	O
while	O
those	O
with	O
flash	B-Device
memory	I-Device
had	O
a	O
failure	O
rate	O
below	O
10%	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
late	O
2005	O
,	O
many	O
users	O
complained	O
that	O
the	O
surface	O
of	O
the	O
first-generation	O
iPod	B-Device
Nano	I-Device
can	O
become	O
scratched	O
easily	O
,	O
rendering	O
the	O
screen	O
unusable	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apple	O
initially	O
considered	O
the	O
issue	O
a	O
minor	O
defect	O
,	O
but	O
later	O
began	O
shipping	O
these	O
iPods	B-Operating_System
with	O
protective	O
sleeves	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
June	O
11	O
,	O
2006	O
,	O
the	O
British	O
tabloid	O
The	O
Mail	O
on	O
Sunday	O
reported	O
that	O
iPods	B-Operating_System
are	O
mainly	O
manufactured	O
by	O
workers	O
who	O
earn	O
no	O
more	O
than	O
US$50	O
per	O
month	O
and	O
work	O
15-hour	O
shifts	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
2006	O
,	O
the	B-Device
iPod	I-Device
was	O
produced	O
by	O
about	O
14,000	O
workers	O
in	O
the	O
U.S.	O
and	O
27,000	O
overseas	O
.	O
</s>
