<s>
In	O
computer	B-Architecture
networking	I-Architecture
,	O
IP	B-Protocol
over	I-Protocol
Avian	I-Protocol
Carriers	I-Protocol
(	O
IPoAC	B-Protocol
)	O
is	O
a	O
joke	O
proposal	O
to	O
carry	O
Internet	B-Protocol
Protocol	I-Protocol
(	O
IP	O
)	O
traffic	O
by	O
birds	O
such	O
as	O
homing	O
pigeons	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
IP	B-Protocol
over	I-Protocol
Avian	I-Protocol
Carriers	I-Protocol
was	O
initially	O
described	O
in	O
issued	O
by	O
the	O
Internet	O
Engineering	O
Task	O
Force	O
,	O
written	O
by	O
D	O
.	O
Waitzman	O
,	O
and	O
released	O
on	O
April	O
1	O
,	O
1990	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Waitzman	O
described	O
an	O
improvement	O
of	O
his	O
protocol	O
in	O
,	O
IP	B-Protocol
over	I-Protocol
Avian	I-Protocol
Carriers	I-Protocol
with	I-Protocol
Quality	I-Protocol
of	I-Protocol
Service	I-Protocol
(	O
1	O
April	O
1999	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Later	O
,	O
in	O
—	O
released	O
on	O
1	O
April	O
2011	O
,	O
and	O
13	O
years	O
after	O
the	O
introduction	O
of	O
IPv6	B-Protocol
—	O
Brian	O
Carpenter	O
and	O
Robert	O
Hinden	O
published	O
Adaptation	O
of	O
RFC	B-Protocol
1149	I-Protocol
for	O
IPv6	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
IPoAC	B-Protocol
has	O
been	O
successfully	O
implemented	O
,	O
but	O
for	O
only	O
nine	O
packets	B-Protocol
of	I-Protocol
data	I-Protocol
,	O
with	O
a	O
packet	B-Protocol
loss	I-Protocol
ratio	O
of	O
55%	O
(	O
due	O
to	O
operator	O
error	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
response	O
time	O
ranging	O
from	O
to	O
over	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
28	O
April	O
2001	O
,	O
IPoAC	B-Protocol
was	O
implemented	O
by	O
the	O
Bergen	O
Linux	O
user	O
group	O
,	O
under	O
the	O
name	O
CPIP	O
(	O
for	O
Carrier	B-Protocol
Pigeon	I-Protocol
Internet	I-Protocol
Protocol	I-Protocol
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
sent	O
nine	O
packets	B-Protocol
over	O
a	O
distance	O
of	O
approximately	O
,	O
each	O
carried	O
by	O
an	O
individual	O
pigeon	O
and	O
containing	O
one	O
ping	B-Protocol
(	O
ICMP	B-Protocol
echo	I-Protocol
request	I-Protocol
)	O
,	O
and	O
received	O
four	O
responses	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
implementation	O
was	O
noted	O
in	O
the	O
song	O
"	O
Paper	O
Pings	B-Protocol
"	O
by	O
Steve	O
Savitzky	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
December	O
2005	O
,	O
a	O
Gartner	O
report	O
on	O
bird	O
flu	O
that	O
concluded	O
"	O
A	O
pandemic	O
would	O
n't	O
affect	O
IT	O
systems	O
directly	O
"	O
was	O
humorously	O
criticized	O
for	O
neglecting	O
to	O
consider	O
RFC	B-Protocol
1149	I-Protocol
and	O
RFC	B-Protocol
2549	I-Protocol
in	O
its	O
analysis	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Carriers	O
being	O
attacked	O
by	O
birds	B-Application
of	I-Application
prey	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
RFC2549	O
:	O
"	O
Unintentional	O
encapsulation	B-Application
in	O
hawks	O
has	O
been	O
known	O
to	O
occur	O
,	O
with	O
decapsulation	O
being	O
messy	O
and	O
the	O
packets	B-Protocol
mangled.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
RFC1149	B-Protocol
:	O
"	O
While	O
broadcasting	O
is	O
not	O
specified	O
,	O
storms	B-General_Concept
can	O
cause	O
data	O
loss.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
RFC6214	O
:	O
"	O
In	O
some	O
locations	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
New	O
Zealand	O
,	O
a	O
significant	O
proportion	O
of	O
carriers	O
are	O
only	O
able	O
to	O
execute	O
short	O
hops	B-Protocol
,	O
and	O
only	O
at	O
times	O
when	O
the	O
background	O
level	O
of	O
photon	O
emission	O
is	O
extremely	O
low.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
RFC6214	O
:	O
"	O
...	O
 [ carriers ] 	O
prove	O
to	O
have	O
no	O
talent	O
for	O
multihoming	B-Protocol
,	O
and	O
in	O
fact	O
enter	O
a	O
routing	B-Protocol
loop	I-Protocol
whenever	O
multihoming	B-Protocol
is	O
attempted.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
Rafting	O
photographers	O
already	O
use	O
pigeons	O
as	O
a	O
sneakernet	O
to	O
transport	O
digital	O
photos	O
on	O
flash	B-Device
media	I-Device
from	O
the	O
camera	O
to	O
the	O
tour	O
operator	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
purpose	O
of	O
the	O
test	O
was	O
to	O
measure	O
and	O
confirm	O
an	O
improvement	O
over	O
RFC	B-Protocol
2549	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
the	O
developers	O
used	O
flash	B-Device
memory	I-Device
instead	O
of	O
paper	O
notes	O
as	O
specified	O
by	O
RFC	B-Protocol
2549	I-Protocol
,	O
the	O
experiment	O
was	O
widely	O
criticized	O
as	O
an	O
example	O
in	O
which	O
an	O
optimized	O
implementation	O
breaks	O
an	O
official	O
standard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Inspired	O
by	O
RFC	B-Protocol
2549	I-Protocol
,	O
on	O
9	O
September	O
2009	O
,	O
the	O
marketing	O
team	O
of	O
The	O
Unlimited	O
,	O
a	O
regional	O
company	O
in	O
South	O
Africa	O
,	O
decided	O
to	O
host	O
a	O
tongue-in-cheek	O
pigeon	O
race	O
between	O
their	O
pet	O
pigeon	O
Winston	O
and	O
local	O
telecom	O
company	O
Telkom	O
SA	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
pigeon	O
was	O
pitted	O
(	O
carrying	O
a	O
memory	O
card	O
with	O
a	O
300	O
MB	O
HD	O
video	O
of	O
Davies	O
having	O
a	O
haircut	O
)	O
against	O
an	O
upload	O
to	O
YouTube	B-General_Concept
via	O
British	O
Telecom	O
broadband	O
;	O
the	O
pigeon	O
was	O
released	O
at	O
11:05	O
am	O
and	O
arrived	O
in	O
the	O
loft	O
one	O
hour	O
and	O
fifteen	O
minutes	O
later	O
while	O
the	O
upload	O
was	O
still	O
incomplete	O
,	O
having	O
failed	O
once	O
in	O
the	O
interim	O
.	O
</s>
