<s>
The	O
input	B-General_Concept
–	O
process	B-Operating_System
–	O
output	B-Device
(	O
IPO	O
)	O
model	O
,	O
or	O
input-process-output	B-Application
pattern	O
,	O
is	O
a	O
widely	O
used	O
approach	O
in	O
systems	O
analysis	O
and	O
software	B-General_Concept
engineering	I-General_Concept
for	O
describing	O
the	O
structure	O
of	O
an	O
information	O
processing	O
program	O
or	O
other	O
process	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
introductory	O
programming	B-General_Concept
and	O
systems	O
analysis	O
texts	O
introduce	O
this	O
as	O
the	O
most	O
basic	O
structure	O
for	O
describing	O
a	O
process	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
computer	B-Application
program	I-Application
is	O
useful	O
for	O
another	O
sort	O
of	O
process	B-Operating_System
using	O
the	O
input-process-output	B-Application
model	O
receives	O
inputs	O
from	O
a	O
user	O
or	O
other	O
source	O
,	O
does	O
some	O
computations	O
on	O
the	O
inputs	O
,	O
and	O
returns	O
the	O
results	O
of	O
the	O
computations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
a	O
consequence	O
,	O
an	O
Input-Process-Output	B-Application
system	O
becomes	O
very	O
vulnerable	O
to	O
misinterpretation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
of	O
such	O
definitions	O
would	O
outline	O
the	O
Input-process-output	B-Application
system	O
,	O
as	O
a	O
structure	O
,	O
would	O
be	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
because	O
,	O
a	O
system	O
would	O
be	O
classified	O
as	O
open	O
,	O
if	O
it	O
receives	O
even	O
a	O
single	O
input	B-General_Concept
from	O
the	O
environment	O
,	O
yet	O
a	O
system	O
that	O
merely	O
interacts	O
with	O
the	O
environment	O
,	O
would	O
be	O
classified	O
as	O
open	O
as	O
well	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
practice	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
a	O
completely	O
closed	O
system	O
is	O
merely	O
liveable	O
,	O
due	O
to	O
loss	O
of	O
practical	O
usage	O
of	O
the	O
output	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
manufacturing	O
processes	O
that	O
take	O
raw	O
materials	O
as	O
inputs	O
,	O
applies	O
a	O
manufacturing	O
process	B-Operating_System
,	O
and	O
produces	O
manufactured	O
goods	O
as	O
output	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
majority	O
of	O
existing	O
programs	O
for	O
coding	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Java	B-Language
,	O
Python	B-Language
,	O
C++	B-Language
,	O
would	O
be	O
based	O
upon	O
a	O
deterministic	O
IPO	B-Application
model	I-Application
,	O
with	O
clear	O
inputs	O
coming	O
from	O
the	O
coder	O
,	O
converting	O
into	O
outputs	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
batch	B-General_Concept
transaction	I-General_Concept
processing	I-General_Concept
system	O
,	O
which	O
accepts	O
large	O
volumes	O
of	O
homogeneous	O
transactions	O
,	O
processes	O
it	O
(	O
possibly	O
updating	O
a	O
database	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
produces	O
output	B-Device
such	O
as	O
reports	O
or	O
computations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
interactive	O
computer	B-Application
program	I-Application
,	O
which	O
accepts	O
simple	O
requests	O
from	O
a	O
user	O
and	O
responds	O
to	O
them	O
after	O
some	O
processing	O
and/or	O
database	O
accesses	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
calculator	B-Application
,	O
which	O
uses	O
inputs	O
,	O
provided	O
by	O
the	O
operator	O
,	O
and	O
processes	O
them	O
into	O
outputs	O
to	O
be	O
used	O
by	O
the	O
operator	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
thermostat	O
,	O
which	O
senses	O
the	O
temperature	O
(	O
input	B-General_Concept
)	O
,	O
decides	O
on	O
an	O
action	O
(	O
heat	O
on/off	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
executes	O
the	O
action	O
(	O
output	B-Device
)	O
.	O
</s>
