<s>
The	O
ILLIAC	B-Device
II	I-Device
was	O
a	O
revolutionary	O
super-computer	O
built	O
by	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
Illinois	O
that	O
became	O
operational	O
in	O
1962	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
concept	O
,	O
proposed	O
in	O
1958	O
,	O
pioneered	O
Emitter-coupled	B-General_Concept
logic	I-General_Concept
(	O
ECL	O
)	O
circuitry	O
,	O
pipelining	O
,	O
and	O
transistor	O
memory	O
with	O
a	O
design	O
goal	O
of	O
100x	O
speedup	O
compared	O
to	O
ILLIAC	B-Device
I	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
ILLIAC	B-Device
II	I-Device
had	O
8192	O
words	O
of	O
core	B-General_Concept
memory	I-General_Concept
,	O
backed	O
up	O
by	O
65,536	O
words	O
of	O
storage	O
on	O
magnetic	B-General_Concept
drums	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
core	B-General_Concept
memory	I-General_Concept
access	O
time	O
was	O
1.8	O
to	O
2	O
µs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
magnetic	B-General_Concept
drum	I-General_Concept
access	O
time	O
was	O
8.5ms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
"	O
fast	O
buffer	O
"	O
was	O
also	O
provided	O
for	O
storage	O
of	O
short	O
loops	O
and	O
intermediate	O
results	O
(	O
similar	O
in	O
concept	O
to	O
what	O
is	O
now	O
called	O
cache	B-General_Concept
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Floating	B-Algorithm
point	I-Algorithm
numbers	I-Algorithm
used	O
a	O
format	O
with	O
7	O
bits	O
of	O
exponent	O
(	O
power	O
of	O
4	O
)	O
and	O
45	O
bits	O
of	O
mantissa	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Instructions	B-General_Concept
were	O
either	O
26	O
bits	O
or	O
13	O
bits	O
long	O
,	O
allowing	O
packing	O
of	O
up	O
to	O
4	O
instructions	B-General_Concept
per	O
memory	O
word	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Rather	O
than	O
naming	O
the	O
pipeline	O
stages	O
,	O
"	O
Fetch	O
,	O
Decode	O
,	O
and	O
Execute	O
"	O
(	O
as	O
on	O
Stretch	B-Device
)	O
,	O
the	O
pipelined	O
stages	O
were	O
named	O
,	O
"	O
Advanced	O
Control	O
,	O
Delayed	O
Control	O
,	O
and	O
Interplay	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ILLIAC	B-Device
II	I-Device
was	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
first	O
transistorized	B-Device
computers	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Like	O
the	O
IBM	B-Device
Stretch	I-Device
computer	I-Device
,	O
ILLIAC	B-Device
II	I-Device
was	O
designed	O
using	O
"	O
future	O
transistors	O
"	O
that	O
had	O
not	O
yet	O
been	O
invented	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ILLIAC	B-Device
II	I-Device
project	O
was	O
proposed	O
before	O
,	O
and	O
competed	O
with	O
IBM	O
's	O
Stretch	B-Device
project	O
,	O
and	O
several	O
ILLIAC	O
designers	O
felt	O
that	O
Stretch	B-Device
borrowed	O
many	O
of	O
its	O
ideas	O
from	O
ILLIAC	B-Device
II	I-Device
,	O
whose	O
design	O
and	O
documentation	O
were	O
published	O
openly	O
as	O
University	O
of	O
Illinois	O
Tech	O
Reports	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Members	O
of	O
the	O
ILLIAC	B-Device
II	I-Device
team	O
jokingly	O
referred	O
to	O
the	O
competing	O
IBM	O
Project	O
as	O
"	O
St.	O
Retch	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ILLIAC	B-Device
II	I-Device
had	O
a	O
division	O
unit	O
designed	O
by	O
faculty	O
member	O
James	O
E	O
.	O
Robertson	O
,	O
a	O
co-inventor	O
of	O
the	O
SRT	O
Division	O
algorithm	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ILLIAC	B-Device
II	I-Device
was	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
first	O
pipelined	O
computers	O
,	O
along	O
with	O
IBM	O
's	O
Stretch	B-Device
Computer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ILLIAC	B-Device
II	I-Device
was	O
the	O
first	O
computer	O
to	O
incorporate	O
Speed-Independent	B-Application
Circuitry	I-Application
,	O
invented	O
by	O
faculty	O
member	O
David	O
E	O
.	O
Muller	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Speed-Independent	B-Application
Circuitry	I-Application
is	O
a	O
class	O
of	O
asynchronous	O
digital	O
logic	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
Muller	O
C-element	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
During	O
check-out	O
of	O
the	O
ILLIAC	B-Device
II	I-Device
,	O
before	O
it	O
became	O
fully	O
operational	O
,	O
faculty	O
member	O
Donald	O
B	O
.	O
Gillies	O
programmed	O
ILLIAC	B-Device
II	I-Device
to	O
search	O
for	O
Mersenne	O
prime	O
numbers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ILLIAC	B-Device
II	I-Device
computer	O
was	O
disassembled	O
roughly	O
a	O
decade	O
after	O
its	O
construction	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Donald	O
W	O
.	O
Gillies	O
,	O
the	O
son	O
of	O
Donald	O
B	O
.	O
Gillies	O
,	O
has	O
a	O
complete	O
set	O
of	O
documentation	O
(	O
instruction	B-General_Concept
set	I-General_Concept
,	O
design	O
reports	O
,	O
research	O
reports	O
,	O
and	O
grant	O
progress	O
reports	O
,	O
roughly	O
2000	O
pages	O
)	O
from	O
the	O
ILLIAC	B-Device
II	I-Device
project	O
.	O
</s>
