<s>
The	O
ILLIAC	B-Device
I	I-Device
(	O
Illinois	O
Automatic	O
Computer	O
)	O
,	O
a	O
pioneering	O
computer	O
in	O
the	O
ILLIAC	B-Device
series	O
of	O
computers	O
built	O
in	O
1952	O
by	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
Illinois	O
,	O
was	O
the	O
first	O
computer	O
built	O
and	O
owned	O
entirely	O
by	O
a	O
United	O
States	O
educational	O
institution	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ILLIAC	B-Device
I	I-Device
became	O
operational	O
on	O
September	O
1	O
,	O
1952	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
the	O
second	O
of	O
two	O
identical	O
computers	O
,	O
the	O
first	O
of	O
which	O
was	O
ORDVAC	B-Device
,	O
also	O
built	O
at	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
Illinois	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ILLIAC	B-Device
I	I-Device
was	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
IAS	B-Device
machine	I-Device
Von	B-Architecture
Neumann	I-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
as	O
described	O
by	O
mathematician	O
John	O
von	O
Neumann	O
in	O
his	O
influential	O
First	O
Draft	O
of	O
a	O
Report	O
on	O
the	O
EDVAC	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unlike	O
most	O
computers	O
of	O
its	O
era	O
,	O
the	O
ILLIAC	B-Device
I	I-Device
and	O
ORDVAC	B-Device
computers	O
were	O
twin	O
copies	O
of	O
the	O
same	O
design	O
,	O
with	O
software	O
compatibility	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ILLIAC	B-Device
I	I-Device
was	O
very	O
powerful	O
for	O
its	O
time	O
;	O
in	O
1956	O
,	O
it	O
had	O
more	O
computing	O
power	O
than	O
all	O
of	O
Bell	O
Telephone	O
Laboratories	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Because	O
the	O
lifetime	O
of	O
the	O
tubes	O
within	O
ILLIAC	B-Device
was	O
about	O
a	O
year	O
,	O
the	O
machine	O
was	O
shut	O
down	O
every	O
day	O
for	O
"	O
preventive	O
maintenance	O
"	O
when	O
older	O
vacuum	O
tubes	O
would	O
be	O
replaced	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
increase	O
reliability	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Visiting	O
scholars	O
from	O
Japan	O
assisted	O
in	O
the	O
design	O
of	O
the	O
ILLIAC	B-Device
series	O
of	O
computers	O
,	O
and	O
later	O
developed	O
the	O
MUSASINO-1	B-Device
computer	O
in	O
Japan	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ILLIAC	B-Device
I	I-Device
was	O
retired	O
in	O
1962	O
,	O
when	O
the	O
ILLIAC	B-Device
II	I-Device
became	O
operational	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
1955	O
–	O
Lejaren	O
Hiller	O
and	O
Leonard	O
Isaacson	O
used	O
ILLIAC	B-Device
I	I-Device
to	O
compose	O
the	O
Illiac	B-Device
Suite	O
which	O
was	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
first	O
pieces	O
of	O
music	O
to	O
be	O
written	O
with	O
the	O
aid	O
of	O
a	O
computer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
1957	O
–	O
Mathematician	O
Donald	O
B	O
.	O
Gillies	O
,	O
physicist	O
James	O
E	O
.	O
Snyder	O
,	O
and	O
astronomers	O
George	O
C	O
.	O
McVittie	O
,	O
S	O
.	O
P	O
.	O
Wyatt	O
,	O
Ivan	O
R	O
.	O
King	O
and	O
George	O
W	O
.	O
Swenson	O
of	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
Illinois	O
used	O
the	O
ILLIAC	B-Device
I	I-Device
computer	O
to	O
calculate	O
the	O
orbit	O
of	O
the	O
Sputnik	O
1	O
satellite	O
within	O
two	O
days	O
of	O
its	O
launch	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
1960	O
–	O
The	O
first	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
PLATO	O
computer-based	O
education	O
system	O
was	O
implemented	O
on	O
the	O
ILLIAC	B-Device
I	I-Device
by	O
a	O
team	O
led	O
by	O
Donald	O
Bitzer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
early	O
1961	O
,	O
version	O
2	O
of	O
PLATO	B-Operating_System
serviced	O
two	O
simultaneous	O
users	O
.	O
</s>
