<s>
ILLIAC	B-Device
(	O
Illinois	O
Automatic	O
Computer	O
)	O
was	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
supercomputers	B-Architecture
built	O
at	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
locations	O
,	O
some	O
at	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
Illinois	O
at	O
Urbana	O
–	O
Champaign	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
architecture	O
for	O
the	O
first	O
two	O
UIUC	O
computers	O
was	O
taken	O
from	O
a	O
technical	O
report	O
from	O
a	O
committee	O
at	O
the	O
Institute	O
for	O
Advanced	O
Study	O
(	O
IAS	B-Device
)	O
at	O
Princeton	O
,	O
First	O
Draft	O
of	O
a	O
Report	O
on	O
the	O
EDVAC	B-Device
(	O
1945	O
)	O
,	O
edited	O
by	O
John	O
von	O
Neumann	O
(	O
but	O
with	O
ideas	O
from	O
Eckert	O
,	O
Mauchley	O
,	O
and	O
many	O
others	O
.	O
)	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
designs	O
in	O
this	O
report	O
were	O
not	O
tested	O
at	O
Princeton	O
until	O
a	O
later	O
machine	O
,	O
JOHNNIAC	B-Device
,	O
was	O
completed	O
in	O
1953	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
the	O
technical	O
report	O
was	O
a	O
major	O
influence	O
on	O
computing	O
in	O
the	O
1950s	O
,	O
and	O
was	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
blueprint	O
for	O
many	O
other	O
computers	O
,	O
including	O
two	O
at	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
Illinois	O
,	O
which	O
were	O
both	O
completed	O
before	O
Princeton	O
finished	O
Johnniac	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
University	O
of	O
Illinois	O
was	O
the	O
only	O
institution	O
to	O
build	O
two	O
instances	O
of	O
the	O
IAS	B-Device
machine	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
ILLIAC	B-Device
I	I-Device
,	O
II	O
,	O
and	O
IV	O
,	O
students	O
associated	O
with	O
IAS	B-Device
at	O
Princeton	O
(	O
Abraham	O
H	O
.	O
Taub	O
,	O
Donald	O
B	O
.	O
Gillies	O
,	O
Daniel	O
Slotnick	O
)	O
played	O
a	O
key	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
computer	O
designs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ORDVAC	B-Device
was	O
the	O
first	O
of	O
two	O
computers	O
built	O
under	O
contract	O
at	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
Illinois	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ORDVAC	B-Device
was	O
completed	O
the	O
spring	O
of	O
1951	O
and	O
checked	O
out	O
in	O
the	O
summer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
contract	O
,	O
funds	O
were	O
provided	O
to	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
Illinois	O
to	O
build	O
a	O
second	O
identical	O
computer	O
known	O
as	O
ILLIAC	B-Device
I	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
ILLIAC	B-Device
I	I-Device
was	O
built	O
at	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
Illinois	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
same	O
design	O
as	O
the	O
ORDVAC	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
the	O
first	O
von	B-Architecture
Neumann	I-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
computer	O
built	O
and	O
owned	O
by	O
an	O
American	O
university	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ILLIAC	B-Device
I	I-Device
was	O
built	O
with	O
2,800	O
vacuum	O
tubes	O
and	O
weighed	O
about	O
5	O
tons	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Data	O
was	O
represented	O
in	O
40-bit	O
words	O
,	O
of	O
which	O
1,024	O
could	O
be	O
stored	O
in	O
the	O
main	O
memory	O
,	O
and	O
12,800	O
on	O
drum	B-General_Concept
memory	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Immediately	O
after	O
the	O
1957	O
launch	O
of	O
Sputnik	O
,	O
the	O
ILLIAC	B-Device
I	I-Device
was	O
used	O
to	O
calculate	O
an	O
ephemeris	O
of	O
the	O
satellite	O
's	O
orbit	O
,	O
later	O
published	O
in	O
Nature	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ILLIAC	B-Device
I	I-Device
was	O
decommissioned	O
in	O
1963	O
when	O
ILLIAC	B-Device
II	I-Device
(	O
see	O
below	O
)	O
became	O
operational	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ILLIAC	B-Device
II	I-Device
was	O
the	O
first	O
transistorized	B-Device
and	O
pipelined	B-General_Concept
supercomputer	B-Architecture
built	O
by	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
Illinois	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ILLIAC	B-Device
II	I-Device
was	O
an	O
asynchronous	O
logic	O
design	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ILLIAC	B-Device
II	I-Device
had	O
8192	O
words	O
of	O
core	B-General_Concept
memory	I-General_Concept
,	O
backed	O
up	O
by	O
65,536	O
words	O
of	O
storage	O
on	O
magnetic	B-General_Concept
drums	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
core	B-General_Concept
memory	I-General_Concept
access	O
time	O
was	O
1.8	O
to	O
2	O
µs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
magnetic	B-General_Concept
drum	I-General_Concept
access	O
time	O
was	O
7	O
µs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Floating-point	B-Algorithm
numbers	I-Algorithm
used	O
a	O
format	O
with	O
7	O
bits	O
of	O
exponent	O
(	O
power	O
of	O
4	O
)	O
and	O
45	O
bits	O
of	O
mantissa	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
pipelined	B-General_Concept
functional	O
units	O
were	O
called	O
advanced	O
control	O
,	O
delayed	O
control	O
,	O
and	O
interplay	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1963	O
Donald	O
B	O
.	O
Gillies	O
(	O
who	O
designed	O
the	O
control	O
)	O
used	O
the	O
ILLIAC	B-Device
II	I-Device
to	O
find	O
three	O
Mersenne	O
primes	O
,	O
with	O
2917	O
,	O
2993	O
,	O
and	O
3376	O
digits	O
-	O
the	O
largest	O
primes	O
known	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
from	O
Japan	O
participated	O
in	O
the	O
development	O
program	O
and	O
designed	O
the	O
arithmetic	B-General_Concept
logic	I-General_Concept
unit	I-General_Concept
from	O
September	O
1960	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ILLIAC	B-General_Concept
III	I-General_Concept
was	O
a	O
fine-grained	O
SIMD	B-Device
pattern	O
recognition	O
computer	O
built	O
by	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
Illinois	O
in	O
1966	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
ILLIAC	B-Device
's	O
initial	O
task	O
was	O
image	O
processing	O
of	O
bubble	B-Algorithm
chamber	I-Algorithm
experiments	O
used	O
to	O
detect	O
nuclear	O
particles	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ILLIAC	B-Device
IV	I-Device
was	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
first	O
attempts	O
at	O
a	O
massively	O
parallel	B-Operating_System
computer	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Key	O
to	O
the	O
design	O
as	O
conceived	O
by	O
Daniel	O
Slotnick	O
,	O
the	O
director	O
of	O
the	O
project	O
,	O
was	O
fairly	O
high	O
parallelism	B-Operating_System
with	O
up	O
to	O
256	O
processors	O
,	O
used	O
to	O
allow	O
the	O
machine	O
to	O
work	O
on	O
large	O
data	O
sets	O
in	O
what	O
would	O
later	O
be	O
known	O
as	O
array	B-Operating_System
processing	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
ILLIAC	B-Device
IV	I-Device
was	O
designed	O
by	O
Burroughs	O
Corporation	O
and	O
built	O
in	O
quadrants	O
in	O
Great	O
Valley	O
,	O
PA	O
during	O
the	O
years	O
of	O
1967	O
through	O
1972	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Illiac	B-Device
IV	I-Device
was	O
designed	O
in	O
fact	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
"	O
back	O
end	O
processor	O
"	O
to	O
a	O
B6700	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
He	O
went	O
further	O
and	O
insisted	O
that	O
all	O
research	O
performed	O
on	O
Illiac	B-Device
IV	I-Device
would	O
be	O
published	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CEDAR	O
was	O
a	O
hierarchical	O
shared-memory	O
supercomputer	B-Architecture
completed	O
in	O
1988	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
SMP	O
(	O
symmetric	O
multiprocessing	O
)	O
system	O
embodied	O
advances	O
in	O
interconnection	O
networks	O
,	O
control	O
unit	O
support	O
of	O
parallelism	B-Operating_System
,	O
optimizing	O
compilers	O
and	O
parallel	O
algorithms	O
and	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
occasionally	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
ILLIAC	B-Device
V	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Design	O
of	O
the	O
ILLIAC	B-Device
6	O
began	O
in	O
early	O
2005	O
at	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
Illinois	O
Urbana-Champaign	O
led	O
by	O
Luddy	O
Harrison	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
intended	O
as	O
a	O
65536	O
node	O
communications	O
supercomputer	B-Architecture
utilizing	O
commodity	O
digital	O
signal	O
processors	O
as	O
the	O
computation	O
nodes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Trusted	O
ILLIAC	B-Device
was	O
completed	O
in	O
2006	O
at	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
Illinois	O
Urbana-Champaign	O
'	O
s	O
Coordinated	O
Science	O
Laboratory	O
and	O
Information	O
Trust	O
Institute	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
a	O
256	O
node	O
Linux	B-Application
cluster	O
,	O
with	O
each	O
node	O
having	O
two	O
processors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Trusted	O
ILLIAC	B-Device
nodes	O
contained	O
onboard	O
FPGAs	B-Architecture
to	O
enable	O
smart	O
compilers	O
and	O
programming	O
models	O
,	O
system	O
assessment	O
and	O
validation	O
,	O
configurable	O
trust	O
mechanisms	O
,	O
automated	O
fault	O
management	O
,	O
on-line	O
adaptation	O
,	O
and	O
numerous	O
other	O
configurable	O
trust	O
frameworks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
nodes	O
each	O
had	O
access	O
to	O
8	O
GB	O
memory	O
on	O
a	O
6.4	O
GB/s	O
bus	O
,	O
and	O
were	O
connected	O
via	O
8	O
GB/s	O
PCI-Express	O
to	O
the	O
FPGAs	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
2.5	O
GB/s	O
InfiniBand	B-Architecture
network	O
provides	O
the	O
internode	O
connectivity	O
.	O
</s>
