<s>
IC	B-General_Concept
programming	I-General_Concept
is	O
the	O
process	O
of	O
transferring	O
a	O
computer	B-Application
program	I-Application
into	O
an	O
integrated	O
computer	O
circuit	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Older	O
types	O
of	O
IC	O
including	O
PROMs	B-General_Concept
and	O
EPROMs	B-General_Concept
and	O
some	O
early	O
programmable	O
logic	O
was	O
typically	O
programmed	O
through	O
parallel	O
busses	O
that	O
used	O
many	O
of	O
the	O
device	O
's	O
pins	O
and	O
basically	O
required	O
inserting	O
the	O
device	O
in	O
a	O
separate	O
programmer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Modern	O
ICs	O
are	O
typically	O
programmed	O
in	O
circuit	O
though	O
a	O
serial	B-Protocol
protocol	O
(	O
sometimes	O
JTAG	O
sometimes	O
something	O
manufacturer	O
specific	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
(	O
particularly	O
FPGAs	B-Architecture
)	O
even	O
load	O
the	O
data	O
serially	O
from	O
a	O
separate	O
flash	O
or	O
prom	O
chip	O
on	O
every	O
startup	O
.	O
</s>
