<s>
WebSphere	B-Language
Application	I-Language
Server	I-Language
(	O
WAS	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
software	O
product	O
that	O
performs	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
a	O
web	B-Application
application	I-Application
server	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
More	O
specifically	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
a	O
software	B-Architecture
framework	I-Architecture
and	O
middleware	B-General_Concept
that	O
hosts	O
Java-based	O
web	B-Application
applications	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
the	O
flagship	O
product	O
within	O
IBM	O
's	O
WebSphere	B-Language
software	I-Language
suite	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
project	O
was	O
an	O
offshoot	O
from	O
IBM	B-Application
HTTP	I-Application
Server	I-Application
team	O
starting	O
with	O
the	O
Domino	O
Go	O
web	B-Application
server	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
WebSphere	B-Language
Application	I-Language
Server	I-Language
(	O
WAS	O
)	O
is	O
built	O
using	O
open	O
standards	O
such	O
as	O
Java	B-Language
EE	I-Language
,	O
XML	B-Protocol
,	O
and	O
Web	O
Services	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
runs	O
on	O
the	O
following	O
platforms	O
:	O
Windows	B-Application
,	O
AIX	B-Application
,	O
Linux	B-Application
,	O
Solaris	B-Application
,	O
IBM	B-Application
i	I-Application
and	O
z/OS	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
works	O
with	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
Web	B-Application
servers	I-Application
including	O
Apache	B-Application
HTTP	I-Application
Server	I-Application
,	O
Netscape	O
Enterprise	O
Server	O
,	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Internet	I-Application
Information	I-Application
Services	I-Application
(	O
IIS	O
)	O
,	O
IBM	B-Application
HTTP	I-Application
Server	I-Application
for	O
i5/OS	B-Application
,	O
IBM	B-Application
HTTP	I-Application
Server	I-Application
for	O
z/OS	B-Application
,	O
and	O
IBM	B-Application
HTTP	I-Application
Server	I-Application
for	O
AIX/Linux/Microsoft	O
Windows/Solaris	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
"	O
traditional	O
"	O
(	O
as	O
opposed	O
to	O
the	O
Liberty	O
variant	O
)	O
WebSphere	B-Language
Application	I-Language
Server	I-Language
platform	O
is	O
architected	O
as	O
a	O
distributed	O
computing	O
platform	O
that	O
could	O
be	O
installed	O
on	O
multiple	O
operating	O
system	O
instances	O
,	O
collectively	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
a	O
WebSphere	B-Language
cell	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
configuration	O
information	O
for	O
the	O
entire	O
cell	O
(	O
how	O
many	O
nodes	O
there	O
are	O
,	O
what	O
applications	O
are	O
deployed	O
to	O
each	O
,	O
how	O
the	O
applications	O
are	O
configured	O
,	O
session	O
management	O
and	O
details	O
of	O
other	O
resources	O
,	O
etc	O
)	O
are	O
tracked	O
in	O
XML	B-Protocol
configuration	O
files	O
that	O
are	O
distributed	O
throughout	O
the	O
cell	O
to	O
every	O
node	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
this	O
reason	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
not	O
advisable	O
to	O
run	O
the	O
application	B-Application
server	I-Application
/	O
node	O
agent	O
processes	O
with	O
root	O
privileges	O
,	O
and	O
starting	O
with	O
v6	O
,	O
security	O
configuration	O
defaulted	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
box	O
to	O
a	O
secure	O
state	O
(	O
even	O
if	O
this	O
meant	O
that	O
enabling	O
desired	O
functions	O
required	O
manual	O
changing	O
of	O
the	O
defaults	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
IBM	O
products	O
(	O
such	O
as	O
IBM	O
InfoSphere	O
DataStage	O
)	O
use	O
WebSphere	B-Language
Application	I-Language
Server	I-Language
as	O
the	O
base	O
platform	O
for	O
their	O
infrastructure	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
IBM	O
has	O
shipped	O
several	O
versions	O
and	O
editions	O
of	O
WebSphere	B-Language
Application	I-Language
Server	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
first	O
beta	O
versions	O
,	O
WebSphere	B-Language
had	O
been	O
called	O
Servlet	B-Application
Express	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
the	O
versioning	O
scheme	O
x.1	O
and	O
x.5	O
would	O
usually	O
indicate	O
a	O
minor	O
release	O
in	O
the	O
software	O
industry	O
,	O
WebSphere	B-Language
v6.1	O
and	O
v5.1	O
are	O
major	O
releases	O
,	O
just	O
like	O
WebSphere	B-Language
v8.5	O
and	O
v3.5	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
WebSphere	B-Language
Liberty	O
was	O
introduced	O
into	O
WebSphere	B-Language
Application	I-Language
Server	I-Language
V8.5	O
,	O
originally	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
the	O
WebSphere	B-Language
Liberty	O
Profile	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
same	O
version	O
numbering	O
scheme	O
as	O
the	O
rest	O
of	O
WAS	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
common	O
level	O
of	O
WebSphere	B-Language
Liberty	O
is	O
distributed	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
both	O
Version	O
8.5	O
and	O
Version	O
9.0	O
of	O
WebSphere	B-Language
Application	I-Language
Server	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
WebSphere	B-Language
Application	I-Language
Server	I-Language
V9.0	O
adds	O
Java	B-Language
EE	I-Language
7	I-Language
and	O
Java	B-Language
SE	I-Language
8	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
brought	O
WAS	O
Application	B-Application
Server	I-Application
traditional	O
up	O
to	O
the	O
same	O
level	O
of	O
Java	B-Language
EE	I-Language
as	O
WebSphere	B-Language
Liberty	O
had	O
offered	O
since	O
2015	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
was	O
the	O
first	O
release	O
of	O
WAS	O
to	O
be	O
made	O
simultaneously	O
available	O
as	O
both	O
an	O
on-premises	O
offering	O
and	O
through	O
WebSphere	B-Language
as	O
a	O
Service	O
on	O
IBM	O
Cloud	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
WebSphere	B-Language
Liberty	O
is	O
increasingly	O
the	O
focus	O
for	O
new	O
cloud	O
native	O
applications	O
,	O
with	O
Liberty	O
16.0.0.2	O
being	O
the	O
version	O
of	O
Liberty	O
included	O
with	O
WAS	O
Version	O
9.0.0.0	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Liberty	O
16.0.0.3	O
adds	O
support	O
for	O
the	O
new	O
MicroProfile	O
programming	O
model	O
that	O
simplifies	O
cloud	O
native	O
application	O
development	O
using	O
standard	O
Java	B-Language
EE	I-Language
technologies	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Flexible	O
access	O
to	O
WebSphere	B-Language
Liberty	O
is	O
provided	O
through	O
additional	O
distributions	O
as	O
a	O
docker	O
image	O
and	O
Cloud	O
Foundry	O
buildpack	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Open	O
Liberty	O
is	O
the	O
source	O
for	O
the	O
Liberty	O
runtime	O
in	O
WebSphere	B-Language
Application	I-Language
Server	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Distributions	O
of	O
Open	O
Liberty	O
are	O
supported	O
by	O
the	O
OpenLiberty.io	O
community	O
;	O
IBM	O
provides	O
commercial	O
support	O
for	O
Liberty	O
through	O
WebSphere	B-Language
Application	I-Language
Server	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
WebSphere	B-Language
Application	I-Language
Server	I-Language
V8.5.5	O
includes	O
significant	O
enhancements	O
to	O
the	O
Liberty	O
profile	O
including	O
support	O
for	O
Java	B-Language
SE	I-Language
8	O
,	O
full	O
Java	B-Language
EE	I-Language
7	I-Language
compliance	O
since	O
V8.5.5.6	O
,	O
and	O
WebSphere	B-Language
's	O
intelligent	O
management	O
capabilities	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
WebSphere	B-Language
Liberty	O
's	O
support	O
for	O
Java	B-Language
EE	I-Language
is	O
enabled	O
through	O
the	O
configuration	O
of	O
sets	O
of	O
features	O
,	O
with	O
different	O
sets	O
of	O
Library	O
features	O
available	O
in	O
each	O
edition	O
of	O
WAS	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
WAS	O
Liberty	O
Core	O
edition	O
includes	O
the	O
Liberty	O
features	O
required	O
for	O
Java	B-Language
EE	I-Language
WebProfile	O
;	O
all	O
other	O
editions	O
of	O
WAS	O
add	O
Liberty	O
features	O
for	O
full	O
Java	B-Language
EE	I-Language
7	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Beyond	O
this	O
the	O
WAS	O
z/OS	B-Application
edition	O
adds	O
Liberty	O
features	O
to	O
enable	O
z/OS	B-Application
platform	O
capabilities	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
WebSphere	B-Language
Application	I-Language
Server	I-Language
V8.5	O
offers	O
the	O
same	O
Java	B-Language
EE	I-Language
6	I-Language
and	O
Java	B-Language
SE	I-Language
6	O
(	O
by	O
default	O
)	O
as	O
V8.0	O
and	O
also	O
provides	O
-	O
and	O
can	O
be	O
configured	O
to	O
run	O
on	O
-	O
Java	B-Language
SE	I-Language
7	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
primary	O
new	O
capabilities	O
in	O
V8.5	O
are	O
the	O
Liberty	O
profile	O
of	O
WebSphere	B-Language
Application	I-Language
Server	I-Language
and	O
the	O
intelligent	O
management	O
features	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Liberty	O
profile	O
of	O
WebSphere	B-Language
Application	I-Language
Server	I-Language
is	O
included	O
with	O
all	O
the	O
commercial	O
editions	O
of	O
the	O
server	O
,	O
providing	O
a	O
lightweight	O
profile	O
of	O
the	O
server	O
for	O
web	O
,	O
mobile	O
and	O
OSGi	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
this	O
release	O
it	O
is	O
a	O
functional	O
subset	O
of	O
the	O
full	O
profile	O
of	O
WebSphere	B-Language
Application	I-Language
Server	I-Language
,	O
for	O
both	O
development	O
and	O
production	O
use	O
,	O
with	O
an	O
install	O
size	O
of	O
under	O
50	O
MB	O
,	O
a	O
startup	O
time	O
of	O
around	O
3	O
seconds	O
and	O
a	O
new	O
XML-based	O
server	O
configuration	O
which	O
can	O
be	O
treated	O
as	O
a	O
development	O
artifact	O
to	O
aid	O
developer	O
productivity	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
centralized	O
managed	O
install	O
is	O
optionally	O
available	O
through	O
the	O
Job	O
Manager	O
component	O
of	O
WebSphere	B-Language
Application	I-Language
Server	I-Language
Network	O
Deployment	O
edition	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Intelligent	O
management	O
capability	O
is	O
added	O
in	O
the	O
Network	O
Deployment	O
and	O
z/OS	B-Application
editions	O
of	O
WebSphere	B-Language
Application	I-Language
server	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
integrates	O
operational	O
features	O
that	O
were	O
previously	O
available	O
in	O
the	O
separate	O
WebSphere	B-Language
Virtual	O
Enterprise	O
(	O
WVE	O
)	O
offering	O
:	O
application	O
editioning	O
,	O
server	O
health	O
management	O
,	O
dynamic	O
clustering	O
and	O
intelligent	O
routing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Compute	O
Grid	O
is	O
also	O
included	O
in	O
the	O
Network	O
Deployment	O
and	O
z/OS	B-Application
editions	O
of	O
WebSphere	B-Language
Application	I-Language
server	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Previously	O
this	O
was	O
the	O
separately	O
priced	O
WebSphere	B-Language
XD	O
Compute	O
Grid	O
feature	O
for	O
scheduling	O
and	O
managing	O
Java	B-Device
batch	O
workloads	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
a	O
Java	B-Language
EE	I-Language
5	I-Language
compliant	O
application	B-Application
server	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Following	O
are	O
the	O
flagship	O
features	O
introduced	O
by	O
WebSphere	B-Language
Application	I-Language
Server	I-Language
Version	O
7	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Between	O
the	O
general	O
availability	O
of	O
WebSphere	B-Language
Application	I-Language
Server	I-Language
V7	O
and	O
WebSphere	B-Language
Application	I-Language
Server	I-Language
V8	O
(	O
in	O
2011	O
)	O
,	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
additional	O
capabilities	O
were	O
made	O
available	O
for	O
V7	O
in	O
the	O
form	O
of	O
feature	O
packs	O
which	O
are	O
optionally	O
added	O
to	O
a	O
V7	O
install	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
following	O
feature	O
packs	O
were	O
provided	O
for	O
WebSphere	B-Language
Application	I-Language
Server	I-Language
V7	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
a	O
Java	B-Language
EE	I-Language
1.4	O
compliant	O
application	B-Application
server	I-Application
and	O
includes	O
the	O
following	O
function	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
a	O
Java	B-Language
EE	I-Language
1.4	O
compliant	O
application	B-Application
server	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
programming	O
model	O
extensions	O
previously	O
found	O
in	O
WebSphere	B-Language
Application	I-Language
Server	I-Language
V5.0	I-Language
Enterprise	I-Language
Edition	I-Language
were	O
moved	O
out	O
of	O
enterprise	O
and	O
into	O
Express	O
and	O
Base	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
JMS	O
engine	O
,	O
now	O
called	O
"	O
WebSphere	B-Language
Platform	O
Messaging	O
,	O
"	O
was	O
rewritten	O
in	O
100%	O
Java	B-Device
and	O
its	O
functionality	O
greatly	O
enhanced	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
(	O
WebSphere	B-Application
MQ	I-Application
is	O
still	O
supported	O
as	O
the	O
JMS	O
provider	O
and	O
is	O
interoperable	O
with	O
WebSphere	B-Language
Platform	O
Messaging	O
.	O
)	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
manages	O
all	O
singletons	O
in	O
the	O
WebSphere	B-Language
environment	O
and	O
can	O
provide	O
hot	O
recovery	O
for	O
those	O
singletons	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
WebSphere	B-Language
was	O
modified	O
so	O
that	O
a	O
shared	O
file	O
system	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
store	O
transaction	O
logs	O
and	O
this	O
meant	O
that	O
any	O
cluster	O
member	O
with	O
that	O
shared	O
file	O
system	O
mounted	O
can	O
hot	O
recover	O
in-doubt	O
XA	O
transactions	O
with	O
no	O
external	O
HA	O
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
's	O
only	O
required	O
for	O
centralized	O
JMX	B-Language
admin	O
and	O
config	O
changes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
WAS	O
XD	O
as	O
it	O
is	O
known	O
increases	O
the	O
functionality	O
of	O
the	O
application	B-Application
server	I-Application
in	O
two	O
main	O
areas	O
-	O
Manageability	O
and	O
Performance	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
also	O
allows	O
makes	O
possible	O
new	O
configurations	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
dynamic	O
virtualization	O
between	O
pools	O
of	O
application	B-Application
servers	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Under	O
the	O
performance	O
header	O
the	O
ObjectGrid	O
component	O
was	O
added	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
a	O
standalone	O
distributed	O
cache	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
with	O
any	O
application	B-Application
server	I-Application
(	O
any	O
version	O
with	O
a	O
1.4	O
JDK	O
)	O
or	O
with	O
any	O
J2SE	B-Language
1.4	O
runtime	O
,	O
including	O
zLinux	O
and	O
z/OS	B-Application
support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
Version	O
6	O
,	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
functionality	O
previously	O
found	O
in	O
WebSphere	B-Language
Business	O
Integration	O
Server	O
Foundation	O
(	O
WBISF	O
)	O
moved	O
into	O
the	O
new	O
IBM	B-Application
WebSphere	I-Application
Process	I-Application
Server	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
a	O
J2EE	B-Language
1.4	I-Language
compliant	O
application	B-Application
server	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Version	O
5.1	O
for	O
z/OS	B-Application
is	O
the	O
first	O
to	O
support	O
zAAP	B-Language
engines	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
the	O
follow	O
on	O
product	O
to	O
WebSphere	B-Language
Application	I-Language
Server	I-Language
Enterprise	O
Edition	O
V5.0	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
workflow	O
engine	O
was	O
updated	O
to	O
support	O
BPEL	O
rather	O
than	O
the	O
proprietary	B-Application
FDML	O
format	O
used	O
in	O
V5.0	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
was	O
a	O
J2EE	B-Language
1.3	I-Language
certified	O
application	B-Application
server	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
a	O
major	O
rewrite	O
of	O
the	O
V3/V4	O
codebase	O
and	O
was	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
WebSphere	B-Language
Application	I-Language
Server	I-Language
was	O
coded	O
from	O
a	O
common	O
codebase	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Now	O
WAS	O
across	O
all	O
deployment	O
platforms	O
,	O
from	O
Intel	B-Operating_System
x86	I-Operating_System
to	O
the	O
mainframe	O
,	O
are	O
substantially	O
the	O
same	O
code	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
database-based	O
configuration	O
repository	O
was	O
replaced	O
with	O
a	O
replication	O
XML	B-Protocol
file-based	O
configuration	O
repository	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
V5	O
also	O
included	O
a	O
miniature	O
version	O
of	O
MQ	B-Application
5.3	O
called	O
the	O
embedded	O
Java	B-Language
Message	I-Language
Service	I-Language
(	O
JMS	O
)	O
server	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
version	O
supports	O
deployment	O
of	O
a	O
cell	O
configuration	O
with	O
cluster	O
and	O
J2EE	B-Language
failover	O
support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
now	O
also	O
includes	O
Edge	B-Application
Components	I-Application
,	O
previously	O
known	O
as	O
Edge	O
Server	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
also	O
added	O
the	O
first	O
fully	O
supported	O
application	O
threading	O
model	O
called	O
WebSphere	B-Language
Asynchronous	O
Beans	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
WebSphere	B-Language
Application	I-Language
Server	I-Language
for	I-Language
z/OS	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
version	O
is	O
essentially	O
the	O
same	O
as	O
the	O
Network	O
Deployment	O
product	O
but	O
is	O
optimized	O
to	O
take	O
full	O
advantage	O
of	O
z/OS	B-Application
features	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Workload	O
Manager	O
,	O
to	O
leverage	O
the	O
key	O
technologies	O
that	O
make	O
the	O
mainframe	O
indispensable	O
for	O
mission-critical	O
,	O
scalable	O
,	O
and	O
secure	O
workloads	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
was	O
a	O
J2EE	B-Language
1.2	I-Language
certified	O
application	B-Application
server	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
inherited	O
the	O
database-based	O
configuration	O
model	O
from	O
V3.x	O
for	O
all	O
but	O
the	O
single-server	O
edition	O
,	O
which	O
already	O
used	O
an	O
XML	B-Protocol
datastore	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
WebSphere	B-Language
3.5	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
widely	O
used	O
version	O
of	O
WebSphere	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
IBM	O
adds	O
JavaBean	O
,	O
CORBA	B-Architecture
and	O
Linux	B-Application
support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Was	O
primarily	O
a	O
Java	B-Application
Servlet	I-Application
engine	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
WebSphere	B-Language
Application	I-Language
Server	I-Language
security	O
model	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
services	O
provided	O
in	O
the	O
operating	O
system	O
and	O
the	O
Java	B-Language
EE	I-Language
security	O
model	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
WebSphere	B-Language
Application	I-Language
Server	I-Language
provides	O
implementations	O
of	O
user	O
authentication	O
and	O
authorization	O
mechanisms	O
providing	O
support	O
for	O
various	O
user	O
registries	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
authentication	O
mechanisms	O
supported	O
by	O
WebSphere	B-Language
are	O
:	O
</s>
