<s>
The	O
IBM	B-Device
Quantum	I-Device
Composer	O
and	O
the	O
IBM	B-Device
Quantum	I-Device
Lab	O
(	O
previously	O
known	O
collectively	O
as	O
the	O
IBM	B-Device
Quantum	I-Device
Experience	I-Device
)	O
form	O
an	O
online	O
platform	O
allowing	O
public	O
and	O
premium	O
access	O
to	O
cloud-based	B-General_Concept
quantum	I-General_Concept
computing	I-General_Concept
services	O
provided	O
by	O
IBM	B-Device
Quantum	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
includes	O
access	O
to	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
IBM	O
's	O
prototype	O
quantum	B-Architecture
processors	I-Architecture
,	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
tutorials	O
on	O
quantum	B-Architecture
computation	I-Architecture
,	O
and	O
access	O
to	O
an	O
interactive	O
textbook	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
service	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
run	O
algorithms	B-Device
and	O
experiments	O
,	O
and	O
explore	O
tutorials	O
and	O
simulations	O
around	O
what	O
might	O
be	O
possible	O
with	O
quantum	B-Architecture
computing	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
IBM	O
's	O
quantum	B-Architecture
processors	I-Architecture
are	O
made	O
up	O
of	O
superconducting	O
transmon	O
qubits	O
,	O
located	O
in	O
dilution	O
refrigerators	O
at	O
the	O
IBM	O
Research	O
headquarters	O
at	O
the	O
Thomas	O
J	O
.	O
Watson	O
Research	O
Center	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Users	O
interact	O
with	O
a	O
quantum	B-Architecture
processor	I-Architecture
through	O
the	O
quantum	B-Application
circuit	I-Application
model	O
of	O
computation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Circuits	O
can	O
be	O
created	O
either	O
using	O
graphically	B-Application
with	O
the	O
Quantum	O
Composer	O
,	O
or	O
programmatically	O
within	O
the	O
Jupyter	O
notebooks	O
of	O
the	O
Quantum	O
Lab	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
service	O
was	O
launched	O
in	O
May	O
2016	O
as	O
the	O
IBM	B-Device
Quantum	I-Device
Experience	I-Device
with	O
a	O
five-qubit	O
quantum	B-Architecture
processor	I-Architecture
and	O
matching	O
simulator	O
connected	O
in	O
a	O
star	O
shaped	O
pattern	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
this	O
time	O
,	O
users	O
could	O
only	O
interact	O
with	O
the	O
hardware	O
through	O
the	O
quantum	O
composer	O
GUI	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Quantum	B-Application
circuits	I-Application
were	O
also	O
limited	O
to	O
the	O
specific	O
two-qubit	O
gates	O
available	O
on	O
the	O
hardware	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
July	O
2016	O
,	O
IBM	O
launched	O
the	O
IBM	B-Device
Quantum	I-Device
Experience	I-Device
community	O
forum	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
January	O
2017	O
,	O
IBM	O
made	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
additions	O
to	O
the	O
IBM	B-Device
Quantum	I-Device
Experience	I-Device
,	O
including	O
increasing	O
the	O
set	O
of	O
two-qubit	O
interactions	O
available	O
on	O
the	O
five-qubit	O
quantum	B-Architecture
processor	I-Architecture
,	O
expanding	O
the	O
simulator	O
to	O
custom	O
topologies	O
up	O
to	O
twenty	O
qubits	O
,	O
and	O
allowing	O
users	O
to	O
interact	O
with	O
the	O
device	O
and	O
simulator	O
using	O
quantum	O
assembly	O
language	O
code	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
March	O
2017	O
,	O
IBM	O
released	O
Qiskit	B-Device
to	O
enable	O
users	O
to	O
more	O
easily	O
write	O
code	O
and	O
run	O
experiments	O
on	O
the	O
quantum	B-Architecture
processor	I-Architecture
and	O
simulator	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
May	O
2017	O
,	O
IBM	O
made	O
an	O
additional	O
16-qubit	O
processor	O
available	O
on	O
the	O
IBM	B-Device
Quantum	I-Device
service	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
January	O
2018	O
,	O
IBM	O
launched	O
a	O
quantum	O
awards	O
program	O
,	O
which	O
it	O
hosted	O
on	O
the	O
IBM	B-Device
Quantum	I-Device
Experience	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
May	O
2019	O
a	O
large	O
overhaul	O
of	O
the	O
service	O
was	O
made	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
addition	O
of	O
web-hosted	O
Jupyter	O
notebooks	O
and	O
integration	O
with	O
the	O
online	O
and	O
interactive	O
Qiskit	B-Device
textbook	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
a	O
redesign	O
in	O
March	O
2021	O
,	O
a	O
greater	O
distinction	O
was	O
made	O
between	O
the	O
composer	O
GUI	B-Application
and	O
the	O
Jupyter	O
notebooks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
IBM	B-Device
Quantum	I-Device
Experience	I-Device
name	O
was	O
retired	O
in	O
favour	O
of	O
the	O
separate	O
names	O
IBM	B-Device
Quantum	I-Device
Composer	O
and	O
IBM	B-Device
Quantum	I-Device
Lab	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Quantum	O
Composer	O
is	O
a	O
graphic	B-Application
user	I-Application
interface	I-Application
(	O
GUI	B-Application
)	O
designed	O
by	O
IBM	O
to	O
allow	O
users	O
to	O
construct	O
various	O
quantum	B-Device
algorithms	I-Device
or	O
run	O
other	O
quantum	O
experiments	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Users	O
may	O
see	O
the	O
results	O
of	O
their	O
quantum	B-Device
algorithms	I-Device
by	O
either	O
running	O
it	O
on	O
a	O
real	O
quantum	B-Architecture
processor	I-Architecture
or	O
by	O
using	O
a	O
simulator	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Algorithms	B-Device
developed	O
in	O
the	O
Quantum	O
Composer	O
are	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
a	O
"	O
quantum	O
score	O
"	O
,	O
in	O
reference	O
to	O
the	O
Quantum	O
Composer	O
resembling	O
a	O
musical	O
sheet	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
composer	O
can	O
also	O
be	O
used	O
in	O
scripting	O
mode	O
,	O
where	O
the	O
user	O
can	O
write	O
programs	O
in	O
the	O
OpenQASM-language	O
instead	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Every	O
instruction	O
in	O
the	O
QASM	O
language	O
is	O
the	O
application	O
of	O
a	O
quantum	B-Application
gate	I-Application
,	O
initialization	O
of	O
the	O
chips	O
registers	O
to	O
zero	O
or	O
measurement	O
of	O
these	O
registers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2018	O
IBM	O
reported	O
that	O
there	O
were	O
over	O
80,000	O
users	O
of	O
the	O
IBM	B-Device
Quantum	I-Device
Experience	I-Device
,	O
who	O
have	O
collectively	O
run	O
over	O
3	O
million	O
experiments	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
University	O
professors	O
have	O
integrated	O
examples	O
and	O
experiments	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
IBM	B-Device
Quantum	I-Device
service	O
into	O
their	O
educational	O
curricula	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Dr.	O
Christine	O
Corbett	O
Moran	O
,	O
a	O
postdoctoral	O
fellow	O
at	O
the	O
California	O
Institute	O
of	O
Technology	O
,	O
used	O
the	O
IBM	B-Device
Quantum	I-Device
service	O
while	O
she	O
was	O
doing	O
research	O
in	O
Antarctica	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Tara	O
Tosic	O
,	O
a	O
physics	O
student	O
at	O
the	O
École	O
Polytechnique	O
Fédérale	O
de	O
Lausanne	O
(	O
EPFL	O
)	O
,	O
used	O
the	O
IBM	B-Device
Quantum	I-Device
service	O
while	O
she	O
was	O
doing	O
research	O
in	O
the	O
Arctic	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
People	O
have	O
also	O
used	O
the	O
IBM	B-Device
Quantum	I-Device
service	O
for	O
various	O
non-academic	O
purposes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
user	O
has	O
begun	O
developing	O
games	O
using	O
the	O
IBM	B-Device
Quantum	I-Device
service	O
,	O
including	O
one	O
titled	O
"	O
quantum	O
battleships	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
