<s>
IBM	B-Application
MQ	I-Application
is	O
a	O
family	O
of	O
message-oriented	B-Application
middleware	I-Application
products	O
that	O
IBM	O
launched	O
in	O
December	O
1993	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
originally	O
called	O
MQSeries	B-Application
,	O
and	O
was	O
renamed	O
WebSphere	B-Application
MQ	I-Application
in	O
2002	O
to	O
join	O
the	O
suite	O
of	O
WebSphere	B-Language
products	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
April	O
2014	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
renamed	O
IBM	B-Application
MQ	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
products	O
that	O
are	O
included	O
in	O
the	O
MQ	O
family	O
are	O
IBM	B-Application
MQ	I-Application
,	O
IBM	B-Application
MQ	I-Application
Advanced	O
,	O
IBM	B-Application
MQ	I-Application
Appliance	O
,	O
IBM	B-Application
MQ	I-Application
for	O
z/OS	B-Application
,	O
and	O
IBM	B-Application
MQ	I-Application
on	O
IBM	O
Cloud	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
IBM	B-Application
MQ	I-Application
also	O
has	O
containerised	O
deployment	O
options	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
MQ	O
allows	O
independent	O
and	O
potentially	O
non-concurrent	O
applications	O
on	O
a	O
distributed	B-Architecture
system	I-Architecture
to	O
securely	O
communicate	O
with	O
each	O
other	O
,	O
using	O
messages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
MQ	O
is	O
available	O
on	O
a	O
large	O
number	O
of	O
platforms	O
(	O
both	O
IBM	O
and	O
non-IBM	O
)	O
,	O
including	O
z/OS	B-Application
(	O
mainframe	B-Architecture
)	O
,	O
IBM	B-Application
i	I-Application
,	O
Transaction	B-Operating_System
Processing	I-Operating_System
Facility	I-Operating_System
,	O
UNIX	B-Application
(	O
AIX	B-Application
,	O
HP-UX	B-Application
,	O
Solaris	B-Application
)	O
,	O
HP	O
NonStop	B-Architecture
,	O
OpenVMS	B-Operating_System
,	O
Linux	B-Application
,	O
and	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Message	O
:	O
Messages	O
are	O
collections	O
of	O
binary	O
or	O
character	O
(	O
for	O
instance	O
ASCII	B-Protocol
or	O
EBCDIC	B-Language
)	O
data	O
that	O
have	O
some	O
meaning	O
to	O
a	O
participating	O
program	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Queue	O
:	O
Message	B-Operating_System
queues	I-Operating_System
are	O
objects	O
that	O
store	O
messages	O
in	O
an	O
application	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Queue	O
Manager	O
:	O
a	O
system	O
service	O
that	O
provides	O
a	O
logical	O
container	O
for	O
the	O
message	B-Operating_System
queue	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
not	O
strictly	O
required	O
for	O
message-oriented	B-Application
middleware	I-Application
,	O
is	O
an	O
IBM	B-Application
MQ	I-Application
prerequisite	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Programs	O
integrated	O
with	O
IBM	B-Application
MQ	I-Application
use	O
a	O
consistent	O
application	O
program	O
interface	O
(	O
API	O
)	O
across	O
all	O
platforms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
MQ	O
supports	O
point-to-point	O
and	O
Publish-Subscribe	B-Operating_System
messaging	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Perl	B-Language
interface	O
(	O
developed	O
and	O
contributed	O
by	O
Hildo	O
Biersma	O
)	O
,	O
available	O
from	O
CPAN	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Asynchronous	B-Application
messaging	I-Application
:	O
MQ	O
provides	O
application	O
designers	O
with	O
a	O
mechanism	O
to	O
achieve	O
non-time-dependent	O
architecture	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ordering	O
of	O
all	O
messages	O
is	O
preserved	O
,	O
by	O
default	O
this	O
is	O
in	O
FIFO	B-Operating_System
order	O
of	O
receipt	O
at	O
the	O
local	O
queue	O
within	O
priority	O
of	O
the	O
message	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Big	O
Endian	O
to	O
Little	O
Endian	O
,	O
or	O
EBCDIC	B-Language
to	O
ASCII	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Exits	O
are	O
compiled	O
applications	O
that	O
run	O
on	O
the	O
queue	O
manager	O
host	O
,	O
and	O
are	O
executed	O
by	O
the	O
IBM	B-Application
MQ	I-Application
software	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
data	O
transformation	O
is	O
needed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Message-driven	O
architecture	O
framework	O
:	O
IBM	B-Application
MQ	I-Application
allows	O
receipt	O
of	O
messages	O
to	O
"	O
trigger	O
"	O
other	O
applications	O
to	O
run	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Range	O
of	O
APIs	O
:	O
It	O
implements	O
the	O
Java	B-Language
Message	I-Language
Service	I-Language
(	O
JMS	O
)	O
standard	O
API	O
,	O
and	O
also	O
has	O
its	O
own	O
proprietary	O
API	O
,	O
known	O
as	O
the	O
Message	B-Operating_System
Queuing	I-Operating_System
Interface	O
(	O
MQI	O
)	O
,	O
which	O
preceded	O
the	O
JMS	O
several	O
years	O
in	O
existence	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
If	O
not	O
,	O
the	O
message	O
is	O
placed	O
on	O
the	O
dead	B-Operating_System
letter	I-Operating_System
queue	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
the	O
queue	O
is	O
FIFO	B-Operating_System
,	O
it	O
is	O
ordered	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
receipt	O
in	O
the	O
local	O
queue	O
,	O
not	O
the	O
committing	O
of	O
the	O
message	O
from	O
the	O
sender	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
IBM	B-Application
MQ	I-Application
offers	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
solutions	O
to	O
cater	O
for	O
availability	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Queue	O
Sharing	O
Groups	O
(	O
z/OS	B-Application
only	O
)	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
IBM	O
System/360	O
was	O
announced	O
in	O
April	O
1964	O
and	O
with	O
it	O
came	O
communication	O
access	O
methods	O
such	O
as	O
BTAM	O
and	O
QTAM	O
(	O
Basic	O
and	O
Queued	O
Telecommunications	B-Application
Access	I-Application
Methods	I-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1971	O
,	O
TCAM	O
,	O
the	O
Telecommunications	B-Application
Access	I-Application
Method	I-Application
,	O
offered	O
its	O
users	O
a	O
more	O
advanced	O
form	O
of	O
message	O
switching	O
or	O
message	O
routing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
supported	O
asynchronous	B-Application
messaging	I-Application
,	O
as	O
with	O
the	O
later	O
MQ	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
TCAM	O
3.0	O
added	O
in	O
reusable	O
disk	O
message	B-Operating_System
queues	I-Operating_System
for	O
recovery	O
soon	O
thereafter	O
,	O
as	O
with	O
MQ	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
high-level	O
PL/I	B-Language
program	O
could	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
access	O
TRANSIENT	O
datasets	O
(	O
dynamic	O
message	B-Operating_System
queues	I-Operating_System
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Within	O
IBM	O
,	O
CICS	B-Application
and	O
IMS	B-Application
were	O
chosen	O
as	O
strategic	O
products	O
to	O
address	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
transaction	O
management	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Within	O
both	O
CICS	B-Application
and	O
IMS	B-Application
,	O
each	O
had	O
its	O
version	O
of	O
message	O
switching	O
,	O
IMS	B-Application
being	O
a	O
front-end	O
queued	O
system	O
and	O
CICS	B-Application
having	O
its	O
Transient	O
Data	O
facility	O
as	O
the	O
possible	O
basis	O
for	O
message	O
switching	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CICS	B-Application
established	O
itself	O
as	O
a	O
popular	O
transaction	O
management	O
system	O
in	O
the	O
1968-1971	O
timeframe	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Those	O
users	O
who	O
had	O
adopted	O
TCAM	O
for	O
its	O
message	O
handling	O
capabilities	O
now	O
wanted	O
a	O
combined	O
use	O
of	O
TCAM	O
with	O
CICS	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
December	O
1971	O
,	O
IBM	O
announced	O
CICS	B-Application
support	O
of	O
TCAM	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
CICS/OS	O
-Standard	O
product	O
,	O
to	O
be	O
delivered	O
in	O
December	O
1972	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
interested	O
customers	O
,	O
this	O
enabled	O
them	O
to	O
use	O
TCAM	O
for	O
its	O
message	O
handling	O
strengths	O
and	O
also	O
have	O
TCAM-connected	O
terminals	O
or	O
computers	O
interface	O
with	O
CICS	B-Application
online	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
January	O
1973	O
,	O
TCAM	O
continued	O
to	O
be	O
supported	O
by	O
CICS/OS	O
-Standard	O
Version	O
2.3	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
TCAM	O
support	O
was	O
omitted	O
from	O
the	O
initial	O
release	O
of	O
CICS/VS	O
,	O
announced	O
in	O
February	O
1973	O
and	O
delivered	O
in	O
June	O
1974	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Needless	O
to	O
say	O
,	O
many	O
CICS-TCAM	O
customers	O
were	O
not	O
happy	O
with	O
that	O
product	O
direction	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
considerable	O
pressure	O
from	O
CICS-TCAM	O
customers	O
,	O
the	O
CICS	B-Application
support	O
of	O
TCAM	O
was	O
reinstated	O
in	O
the	O
CICS/VS	O
1.1	O
product	O
,	O
as	O
of	O
September	O
1974	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
to	O
the	O
previous	O
DCB	O
support	O
,	O
with	O
this	O
reinstatement	O
of	O
TCAM	O
support	O
,	O
CICS	B-Application
began	O
to	O
support	O
TCAM	O
access	O
via	O
VTAM	O
,	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
the	O
ACB	O
support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CICS	B-Application
TCAM	O
ACB	O
support	O
was	O
discontinued	O
as	O
of	O
the	O
CICS/ESA	O
Version	O
3	O
product	O
in	O
1990	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1992	O
,	O
IBM	O
announced	O
a	O
new	O
product	O
called	O
MQSeries	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
brand	O
name	O
was	O
later	O
renamed	O
to	O
WebSphere	B-Application
MQ	I-Application
(	O
sometimes	O
shortened	O
to	O
WMQ	O
)	O
in	O
2002	O
to	O
support	O
the	O
WebSphere	B-Language
family	O
name	O
and	O
the	O
product	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2014	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
renamed	O
IBM	B-Application
MQ	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
MQ	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
with	O
CICS	B-Application
systems	O
to	O
send	O
and	O
receive	O
data	O
to/from	O
any	O
other	O
MQ-eligible	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
MQ	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
initiate	O
work	O
in	O
a	O
CICS	B-Application
system	O
or	O
a	O
CICS	B-Application
transaction	O
can	O
initiate	O
work	O
in	O
another	O
CICS	B-Application
or	O
non-CICS	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
IBM	B-Application
MQ	I-Application
now	O
supports	O
80	O
different	O
environments	O
and	O
has	O
become	O
the	O
leading	O
message	O
assured	O
delivery	O
switching/routing	O
product	O
in	O
the	O
industry	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
IBM	B-Application
MQ	I-Application
can	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
foundation	O
for	O
creating	O
service-oriented	O
architectures	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
IBM	B-Application
MQ	I-Application
provides	O
the	O
means	O
by	O
which	O
communication	O
exists	O
between	O
lines-of-business	O
or	O
otherwise	O
separate	O
business	O
domains	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
related	O
product	O
in	O
the	O
IBM	B-Application
MQ	I-Application
product	O
family	O
,	O
called	O
IBM	B-Application
App	I-Application
Connect	I-Application
Enterprise	I-Application
(	O
formerly	O
IBM	B-Application
Integration	I-Application
Bus	I-Application
/	O
WebSphere	B-Application
Message	I-Application
Broker	I-Application
)	O
enables	O
a	O
diverse	O
and	O
robust	O
set	O
of	O
extensions	O
to	O
queue-based	O
architectures	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Using	O
IBM	B-Application
Integration	I-Application
Bus	I-Application
,	O
users	O
can	O
implement	O
a	O
WebServices	O
front-end	O
,	O
complete	O
with	O
WSDL	O
file	O
support	O
that	O
can	O
interact	O
with	O
any	O
queue-based	O
application	O
.	O
</s>
