<s>
Db2	B-Application
is	O
a	O
family	O
of	O
data	B-General_Concept
management	I-General_Concept
products	O
,	O
including	O
database	B-Application
servers	I-Application
,	O
developed	O
by	O
IBM	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
initially	O
supported	O
the	O
relational	B-Architecture
model	I-Architecture
,	O
but	O
was	O
extended	O
to	O
support	O
object	B-General_Concept
–	I-General_Concept
relational	I-General_Concept
features	O
and	O
non-relational	O
structures	O
like	O
JSON	B-General_Concept
and	O
XML	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
brand	O
name	O
was	O
originally	O
styled	O
as	O
DB/2	B-Application
,	O
then	O
DB2	B-Application
until	O
2017	O
and	O
finally	O
changed	O
to	O
its	O
present	O
form	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unlike	O
other	O
database	O
vendors	O
,	O
IBM	O
previously	O
produced	O
a	O
platform-specific	O
Db2	B-Application
product	O
for	O
each	O
of	O
its	O
major	O
operating	O
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
1990s	O
IBM	O
changed	O
track	O
and	O
produced	O
a	O
Db2	B-Application
common	O
product	O
,	O
designed	O
with	O
a	O
mostly	O
common	O
code	O
base	O
for	O
L-U-W	O
(	O
Linux-Unix-Windows	O
)	O
;	O
DB2	B-Application
for	O
System	O
z	O
and	O
DB2	B-Application
for	O
IBM	B-Application
i	I-Application
are	O
different	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
a	O
result	O
,	O
they	O
use	O
different	O
drivers	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
DB2	B-Application
traces	O
its	O
roots	O
back	O
to	O
the	O
beginning	O
of	O
the	O
1970s	O
when	O
Edgar	O
F	O
.	O
Codd	O
,	O
a	O
researcher	O
working	O
for	O
IBM	O
,	O
described	O
the	O
theory	O
of	O
relational	O
databases	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
June	O
1970	O
published	O
the	O
model	O
for	O
data	O
manipulation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1974	O
,	O
the	O
IBM	O
San	O
Jose	O
Research	O
center	O
developed	O
a	O
relational	O
DBMS	B-General_Concept
,	O
System	B-Application
R	I-Application
,	O
to	O
implement	O
Codd	O
's	O
concepts	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
key	O
development	O
of	O
the	O
System	B-Application
R	I-Application
project	O
was	O
the	O
Structured	B-Language
Query	I-Language
Language	I-Language
(	O
SQL	B-Language
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
apply	O
the	O
relational	B-Architecture
model	I-Architecture
,	O
Codd	O
needed	O
a	O
relational-database	O
language	O
he	O
named	O
DSL/Alpha	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
led	O
to	O
an	O
inexact	O
interpretation	O
of	O
Codd	O
's	O
relational	B-Architecture
model	I-Architecture
that	O
matched	O
only	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
prescriptions	O
of	O
the	O
theory	O
;	O
the	O
result	O
was	O
Structured	O
English	O
QUEry	O
Language	O
or	O
SEQUEL	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
IBM	O
released	O
its	O
first	O
relational-database	O
product	O
,	O
they	O
wanted	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
commercial-quality	O
sublanguage	O
as	O
well	O
,	O
so	O
it	O
overhauled	O
SEQUEL	B-Language
and	O
renamed	O
the	O
revised	O
language	O
Structured	B-Language
Query	I-Language
Language	I-Language
(	O
SQL	B-Language
)	O
to	O
differentiate	O
it	O
from	O
SEQUEL	B-Language
,	O
and	O
also	O
because	O
the	O
acronym	O
"	O
SEQUEL	B-Language
"	O
was	O
a	O
trademark	O
of	O
the	O
UK-based	O
Hawker	O
Siddeley	O
aircraft	O
company	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
IBM	O
bought	O
Metaphor	O
Computer	O
Systems	O
to	O
utilize	O
their	O
GUI	O
interface	O
and	O
encapsulating	O
SQL	B-Language
platform	B-Device
that	O
had	O
already	O
been	O
in	O
use	O
since	O
the	O
mid-80s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
parallel	O
with	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
SQL	B-Language
,	O
IBM	O
also	O
developed	O
Query	B-Application
by	I-Application
Example	I-Application
(	O
QBE	O
)	O
,	O
the	O
first	O
graphical	O
query	O
language	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
IBM	O
's	O
first	O
commercial	O
relational-database	O
product	O
,	O
SQL/DS	B-Application
,	O
was	O
released	O
for	O
the	O
DOS/VSE	B-Application
and	O
VM/CMS	B-Application
operating	O
systems	O
in	O
1981	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1976	O
,	O
IBM	O
released	O
Query	B-Application
by	I-Application
Example	I-Application
for	O
the	O
VM	B-Application
platform	B-Device
where	O
the	O
table-oriented	O
front-end	O
produced	O
a	O
linear-syntax	O
language	O
that	O
drove	O
transactions	O
to	O
its	O
relational	O
database	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Later	O
,	O
the	O
QMF	O
feature	O
of	O
DB2	B-Application
produced	O
real	O
SQL	B-Language
,	O
and	O
brought	O
the	O
same	O
"	O
QBE	O
"	O
look	O
and	O
feel	O
to	O
DB2	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
inspiration	O
for	O
the	O
mainframe	O
version	O
of	O
DB2	B-Application
's	O
architecture	O
came	O
in	O
part	O
from	O
IBM	B-Application
IMS	I-Application
,	O
a	O
hierarchical	B-General_Concept
database	I-General_Concept
,	O
and	O
its	O
dedicated	O
database-manipulation	O
language	O
,	O
IBM	O
DL/I	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
name	O
DB2	B-Application
(	O
IBM	O
Database	B-Application
2	I-Application
)	O
,	O
was	O
first	O
given	O
to	O
the	O
Database	O
Management	O
System	O
or	O
DBMS	B-General_Concept
in	O
1983	O
when	O
IBM	O
released	O
DB2	B-Application
on	O
its	O
MVS	B-Application
mainframe	O
platform	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
some	O
years	O
DB2	B-Application
,	O
as	O
a	O
full-function	O
DBMS	B-General_Concept
,	O
was	O
exclusively	O
available	O
on	O
IBM	B-Device
mainframes	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Later	O
,	O
IBM	O
brought	O
DB2	B-Application
to	O
other	O
platforms	B-Device
,	O
including	O
OS/2	B-Application
,	O
UNIX	B-Application
,	O
and	O
MS	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
servers	O
,	O
and	O
then	O
Linux	B-Application
(	O
including	O
Linux	B-Application
on	I-Application
IBM	I-Application
Z	I-Application
)	O
and	O
PDAs	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
implementation	O
of	O
DB2	B-Application
is	O
also	O
available	O
for	O
z/VSE	B-Application
and	O
z/VM	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
earlier	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
code	O
that	O
would	O
become	O
DB2	B-Application
LUW	O
(	O
Linux	B-Application
,	O
Unix	B-Application
,	O
Windows	O
)	O
was	O
part	O
of	O
an	O
Extended	O
Edition	O
component	O
of	O
OS/2	B-Application
called	O
Database	O
Manager	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
IBM	O
extended	O
the	O
functionality	O
of	O
Database	O
Manager	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
times	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
addition	O
of	O
distributed	O
database	O
functionality	O
by	O
means	O
of	O
Distributed	B-Language
Relational	I-Language
Database	I-Language
Architecture	I-Language
(	O
DRDA	B-Language
)	O
that	O
allowed	O
shared	O
access	O
to	O
a	O
database	O
in	O
a	O
remote	O
location	O
on	O
a	O
LAN	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
(	O
Note	O
that	O
DRDA	B-Language
is	O
based	O
on	O
objects	O
and	O
protocols	O
defined	O
by	O
Distributed	B-Operating_System
Data	I-Operating_System
Management	I-Operating_System
Architecture	I-Operating_System
(	O
DDM	O
)	O
.	O
)	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
new	O
version	O
of	O
Database	O
Manager	O
was	O
called	O
DB2/2	B-Application
and	O
DB2/6000	O
respectively	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
versions	O
of	O
DB2	B-Application
,	O
with	O
different	O
code	O
bases	O
,	O
followed	O
the	O
same	O
'	O
/	O
'	O
naming	O
convention	O
and	O
became	O
DB2/400	B-Application
(	O
for	O
the	O
AS/400	O
)	O
,	O
DB2/VSE	O
(	O
for	O
the	O
DOS/VSE	B-Application
environment	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
DB2/VM	O
(	O
for	O
the	O
VM	B-Application
operating	I-Application
system	I-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
IBM	O
lawyers	O
stopped	O
this	O
handy	O
naming	O
convention	O
from	O
being	O
used	O
,	O
and	O
decided	O
that	O
all	O
products	O
needed	O
to	O
be	O
called	O
"	O
product	O
FOR	O
platform	B-Device
"	O
(	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
DB2	B-Application
for	O
OS/390	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
next	O
iteration	O
of	O
the	O
mainframe	O
and	O
the	O
server-based	O
products	O
were	O
named	O
DB2	B-Application
Universal	O
Database	O
(	O
or	O
DB2	B-Application
UDB	I-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
mid-1990s	O
,	O
IBM	O
released	O
a	O
clustered	O
DB2	B-Application
implementation	O
called	O
DB2	B-Application
Parallel	O
Edition	O
,	O
which	O
initially	O
ran	O
on	O
AIX	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
edition	O
allowed	O
scalability	O
by	O
providing	O
a	O
shared-nothing	B-Operating_System
architecture	I-Operating_System
,	O
in	O
which	O
a	O
single	O
large	O
database	O
is	O
partitioned	O
across	O
multiple	O
DB2	B-Application
servers	O
that	O
communicate	O
over	O
a	O
high-speed	O
interconnect	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
DB2	B-Application
edition	O
was	O
eventually	O
ported	O
to	O
all	O
Linux	B-Application
,	O
UNIX	B-Application
,	O
and	O
Windows	O
(	O
LUW	O
)	O
platforms	B-Device
,	O
and	O
was	O
renamed	O
to	O
DB2	B-Application
Extended	O
Enterprise	O
Edition	O
(	O
EEE	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
IBM	O
now	O
refers	O
to	O
this	O
product	O
as	O
the	O
Database	O
Partitioning	O
Feature	O
(	O
DPF	O
)	O
and	O
bundles	O
it	O
with	O
their	O
flagship	O
DB2	B-Application
Enterprise	O
product	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
Informix	O
Corporation	O
acquired	O
Illustra	B-Application
and	O
made	O
their	O
database	O
engine	O
an	O
object-SQL	B-General_Concept
DBMS	I-General_Concept
by	O
introducing	O
their	O
Universal	O
Server	O
,	O
both	O
Oracle	B-Application
Corporation	I-Application
and	O
IBM	O
followed	O
suit	O
by	O
changing	O
their	O
database	O
engines	O
to	O
be	O
capable	O
of	O
object	B-General_Concept
–	I-General_Concept
relational	I-General_Concept
extensions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2001	O
,	O
IBM	O
bought	O
Informix	O
Software	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
the	O
following	O
years	O
incorporated	O
Informix	O
technology	O
into	O
the	O
DB2	B-Application
product	O
suite	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DB2	B-Application
can	O
technically	O
be	O
considered	O
to	O
be	O
an	O
object	B-General_Concept
–	I-General_Concept
SQL	I-General_Concept
DBMS	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
mid-2006	O
,	O
IBM	O
announced	O
"	O
Viper	O
"	O
,	O
the	O
codename	O
for	O
DB2	B-Application
9	O
on	O
both	O
distributed	B-Architecture
platforms	I-Architecture
and	O
z/OS	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
DB2	B-Application
9	O
for	O
z/OS	B-Application
was	O
announced	O
in	O
early	O
2007	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
IBM	O
claimed	O
that	O
the	O
new	O
DB2	B-Application
was	O
the	O
first	O
relational	O
database	O
to	O
store	O
XML	B-Protocol
"	O
natively	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
enhancements	O
include	O
OLTP-related	O
improvements	O
for	O
distributed	B-Architecture
platforms	I-Architecture
,	O
business	O
intelligence/data	O
warehousing-related	O
improvements	O
for	O
z/OS	B-Application
,	O
more	O
self-tuning	O
and	O
self-managing	O
features	O
,	O
additional	O
64-bit	O
exploitation	O
(	O
especially	O
for	O
virtual	O
storage	O
on	O
z/OS	B-Application
)	O
,	O
stored	B-General_Concept
procedure	I-General_Concept
performance	O
enhancements	O
for	O
z/OS	B-Application
,	O
and	O
continued	O
convergence	O
of	O
the	O
SQL	B-Language
vocabularies	O
between	O
z/OS	B-Application
and	O
distributed	B-Architecture
platforms	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
October	O
2007	O
,	O
IBM	O
announced	O
"	O
Viper	O
2	O
"	O
,	O
the	O
codename	O
for	O
DB2	B-Application
9.5	O
on	O
the	O
distributed	B-Architecture
platforms	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
were	O
three	O
,	O
Simplified	O
Management	O
,	O
Business	O
Critical	O
Reliability	O
,	O
and	O
Agile	O
XML	B-Protocol
development	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
June	O
2009	O
,	O
IBM	O
announced	O
"	O
Cobra	O
"	O
,	O
the	O
codename	O
for	O
DB2	B-Application
9.7	O
for	O
LUW	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DB2	B-Application
9.7	O
added	O
data	O
compression	O
for	O
database	O
indexes	O
,	O
temporary	O
tables	O
,	O
and	O
large	O
objects	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DB2	B-Application
9.7	O
also	O
supported	O
native	O
XML	B-Protocol
data	O
in	O
hash	O
partitioning	O
(	O
database	O
partitioning	O
)	O
,	O
range	O
partitioning	O
(	O
table	O
partitioning	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
multi-dimensional	O
clustering	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
native	O
XML	B-Protocol
features	O
allows	O
users	O
to	O
directly	O
work	O
with	O
XML	B-Protocol
in	O
data	O
warehouse	O
environments	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DB2	B-Application
9.7	O
also	O
added	O
several	O
features	O
that	O
make	O
it	O
easier	O
for	O
Oracle	B-Application
Database	O
users	O
to	O
work	O
with	O
DB2	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
include	O
support	O
for	O
the	O
most	O
commonly	O
used	O
SQL	B-Language
syntax	O
,	O
PL/SQL	B-Language
syntax	O
,	O
scripting	O
syntax	O
,	O
and	O
data	O
types	O
from	O
Oracle	B-Application
Database	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DB2	B-Application
9.7	O
also	O
enhanced	O
its	O
concurrency	O
model	O
to	O
exhibit	O
behavior	O
that	O
is	O
familiar	O
to	O
users	O
of	O
Oracle	B-Application
Database	O
and	O
Microsoft	O
SQL	B-Language
Server	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DB2	B-Application
pureScale	O
is	O
a	O
cluster	O
database	O
for	O
non-mainframe	O
platforms	B-Device
,	O
suitable	O
for	O
Online	B-General_Concept
transaction	I-General_Concept
processing	I-General_Concept
(	O
OLTP	B-General_Concept
)	O
workloads	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
IBM	O
based	O
the	O
design	O
of	O
DB2	B-Application
pureScale	O
on	O
the	O
Parallel	B-Operating_System
Sysplex	I-Operating_System
implementation	O
of	O
DB2	B-Application
data	O
sharing	O
on	O
the	O
mainframe	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DB2	B-Application
pureScale	O
provides	O
a	O
fault-tolerant	O
architecture	O
and	O
shared-disk	O
storage	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
DB2	B-Application
pureScale	O
system	O
can	O
grow	O
to	O
128	O
database	B-Application
servers	I-Application
,	O
and	O
provides	O
continuous	O
availability	O
and	O
automatic	O
load	O
balancing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2009	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
announced	O
that	O
DB2	B-Application
can	O
be	O
an	O
engine	O
in	O
MySQL	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
allows	O
users	O
on	O
the	O
IBM	B-Application
i	I-Application
platform	B-Device
and	O
users	O
on	O
other	O
platforms	B-Device
to	O
access	O
these	O
files	O
through	O
the	O
MySQL	B-Application
interface	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
IBM	B-Application
i	I-Application
and	O
its	O
predecessor	O
OS/400	B-Application
,	O
DB2	B-Application
is	O
tightly	O
integrated	O
into	O
the	O
operating	O
system	O
,	O
and	O
comes	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
operating	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
early	O
2012	O
,	O
IBM	O
announced	O
the	O
next	O
version	O
of	O
DB2	B-Application
,	O
DB2	B-Application
10.1	O
(	O
code	O
name	O
Galileo	O
)	O
for	O
Linux	B-Application
,	O
UNIX	B-Application
,	O
and	O
Windows	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DB2	B-Application
10.1	O
contained	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
new	O
data	B-General_Concept
management	I-General_Concept
capabilities	O
including	O
row	O
and	O
column	O
access	O
control	O
which	O
enables	O
'	O
fine-grained	O
'	O
control	O
of	O
the	O
database	O
and	O
multi-temperature	O
data	B-General_Concept
management	I-General_Concept
that	O
moves	O
data	O
to	O
cost	O
effective	O
storage	O
based	O
on	O
how	O
"	O
hot	O
"	O
or	O
"	O
cold	O
"	O
(	O
how	O
frequently	O
the	O
data	O
is	O
accessed	O
)	O
the	O
data	O
is	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
IBM	O
also	O
introduced	O
"	O
adaptive	O
compression	O
"	O
capability	O
in	O
DB2	B-Application
10.1	O
,	O
a	O
new	O
approach	O
to	O
compressing	O
data	O
tables	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
June	O
2013	O
,	O
IBM	O
released	O
DB2	B-Application
10.5	O
(	O
code	O
name	O
"	O
Kepler	O
"	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
12	O
April	O
2016	O
,	O
IBM	O
announced	O
DB2	B-Application
LUW	O
11.1	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
June	O
2016	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
released	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
mid-2017	O
,	O
IBM	O
re-branded	O
its	O
DB2	B-Application
and	O
dashDB	O
product	O
offerings	O
and	O
amended	O
their	O
names	O
to	O
"	O
Db2	B-Application
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
June	O
27	O
,	O
2019	O
,	O
IBM	O
released	O
Db2	B-Application
11.5	O
,	O
the	O
AI	O
Database	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
May	O
31	O
,	O
2022	O
,	O
IBM	O
released	O
Db2	B-Application
13	O
for	O
z/OS	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Db2	B-Application
(	O
Formerly	O
Db2	B-Application
for	O
LUW	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
relational	O
database	O
that	O
delivers	O
advanced	O
data	B-General_Concept
management	I-General_Concept
and	O
analytics	O
capabilities	O
for	O
transactional	O
workloads	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
operational	O
database	O
is	O
designed	O
to	O
deliver	O
high	O
performance	O
,	O
actionable	O
insights	O
,	O
data	O
availability	O
and	O
reliability	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
is	O
supported	O
across	O
Linux	B-Application
,	O
Unix	B-Application
and	O
Windows	B-Application
operating	I-Application
systems	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Db2	B-Application
database	I-Application
software	O
includes	O
advanced	O
features	O
such	O
as	O
in-memory	O
technology	O
(	O
IBM	O
BLU	O
Acceleration	O
)	O
,	O
advanced	O
management	O
and	O
development	B-Application
tools	I-Application
,	O
storage	O
optimization	O
,	O
workload	O
management	O
,	O
actionable	O
compression	O
and	O
continuous	O
data	O
availability	O
(	O
IBM	O
pureScale	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
"	O
Data	O
warehousing	O
"	O
was	O
first	O
mentioned	O
in	O
a	O
1988	O
IBM	O
Systems	O
Journal	O
article	O
entitled	O
,	O
"	O
An	O
Architecture	O
for	O
Business	B-General_Concept
Information	I-General_Concept
Systems.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
Db2	B-Application
Warehouse	O
,	O
with	O
capabilities	O
to	O
normalize	O
data	O
from	O
multiple	O
sources	O
,	O
performs	O
sophisticated	O
analytic	O
and	O
statistical	O
modeling	O
,	O
provides	O
businesses	O
these	O
features	O
at	O
speed	O
and	O
scale	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
both	O
the	O
volume	O
and	O
variety	O
of	O
data	O
grew	O
,	O
Db2	B-Application
Warehouse	O
adapted	O
as	O
well	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Initially	O
purposed	O
for	O
star	O
and	O
snowflake	O
schemas	O
,	O
Db2	B-Application
Warehouse	O
now	O
includes	O
support	O
for	O
the	O
following	O
data	O
types	O
and	O
analytical	O
models	O
,	O
among	O
others	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Db2	B-Application
Warehouse	O
uses	O
Docker	O
containers	O
to	O
run	O
in	O
multiple	O
environments	O
:	O
on-premise	O
,	O
private	O
cloud	O
and	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
public	O
clouds	O
,	O
both	O
managed	O
and	O
unmanaged	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Db2	B-Application
Warehouse	O
can	O
be	O
deployed	O
as	O
software	O
only	O
,	O
as	O
an	O
appliance	O
and	O
in	O
Intel	B-Operating_System
x86	I-Operating_System
,	O
Linux	B-Application
and	O
mainframe	O
platforms	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Built	O
upon	O
IBM	O
's	O
Common	O
SQL	B-Language
engine	O
,	O
Db2	B-Application
Warehouse	O
queries	O
data	O
from	O
multiple	O
sources	O
—	O
Oracle	B-Application
,	O
Microsoft	O
SQL	B-Language
Server	O
,	O
Teradata	O
,	O
open	O
source	O
,	O
Netezza	O
and	O
others	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Db2	B-Application
on	O
Cloud	O
:	O
Formerly	O
named	O
"	O
dashDB	O
for	O
Transactions	O
"	O
,	O
is	O
a	O
fully	O
managed	O
,	O
cloud	O
SQL	B-Language
database	I-Language
with	O
a	O
high-availability	O
option	O
featuring	O
a	O
99.99	O
percent	O
uptime	B-Device
SLA	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Db2	B-Application
on	O
Cloud	O
offers	O
independent	O
scaling	O
of	O
storage	O
and	O
compute	O
,	O
and	O
rolling	O
security	O
updates	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Db2	B-Application
on	O
Cloud	O
is	O
deployable	O
on	O
both	O
IBM	B-General_Concept
Cloud	I-General_Concept
and	O
Amazon	B-Application
Web	I-Application
Services	I-Application
(	O
AWS	B-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Elasticity	O
:	O
Db2	B-Application
on	O
Cloud	O
offers	O
independent	O
scaling	O
of	O
storage	O
and	O
compute	O
through	O
the	O
user	O
interface	O
and	O
API	B-General_Concept
,	O
so	O
businesses	O
can	O
burst	O
on	O
compute	O
during	O
peak	O
demand	O
and	O
scale	O
down	O
when	O
demand	O
falls	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Backups	O
and	O
Recovery	O
:	O
Db2	B-Application
on	O
Cloud	O
provides	O
several	O
disaster	O
recovery	O
options	O
:	O
(	O
1	O
)	O
Fourteen	O
days	O
 '	O
worth	O
of	O
back-ups	O
,	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
point	O
in	O
time	O
restore	O
options	O
,	O
(	O
3	O
)	O
1-click	O
failover	O
to	O
the	O
DR	O
node	O
at	O
an	O
offsite	O
data	O
center	O
of	O
user	O
's	O
choice	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Encryption	O
:	O
Db2	B-Application
on	O
Cloud	O
complies	O
with	O
data	O
protection	O
laws	O
and	O
includes	O
at-rest	O
database	O
encryption	O
and	O
SSL	O
connections	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Db2	B-Application
on	O
Cloud	O
high	O
availability	O
plans	O
offer	O
rolling	O
security	O
updates	O
and	O
all	O
database	O
instances	O
include	O
daily	O
backups	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
High	O
availability	O
options	O
:	O
Db2	B-Application
on	O
Cloud	O
provides	O
a	O
99.99	O
%	O
uptime	O
service	O
level	O
agreement	O
on	O
the	O
high	O
availability	O
option	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Highly	O
available	O
option	O
allows	O
for	O
updates	O
and	O
scaling	O
operations	O
without	O
downtime	O
to	O
applications	O
running	O
on	O
Db2	B-Application
on	O
Cloud	O
,	O
using	O
Db2	B-Application
's	O
HADR	O
technology	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Data	O
federation	O
:	O
A	O
single	O
query	O
displays	O
a	O
view	O
of	O
all	O
your	O
data	O
by	O
accessing	O
data	O
distributed	O
across	O
Db2	B-Application
on-premises	O
and/or	O
Db2	B-Application
Warehouse	O
on-premises	O
or	O
in	O
the	O
cloud	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Private	O
networking	O
:	O
Db2	B-Application
on	O
Cloud	O
can	O
be	O
deployed	O
on	O
an	O
isolated	O
network	O
that	O
is	O
accessible	O
through	O
a	O
secure	O
Virtual	B-Application
Private	I-Application
Network	I-Application
(	O
VPN	B-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Db2	B-Application
Hosted	O
:	O
Formally	O
named	O
"	O
DB2	B-Application
on	O
Cloud	O
"	O
,	O
is	O
an	O
unmanaged	O
,	O
hosted	O
version	O
of	O
Db2	B-Application
on	O
Cloud	O
's	O
transactional	O
,	O
SQL	B-Language
cloud	O
database	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Server	O
control	O
:	O
Db2	B-Application
Hosted	O
provides	O
custom	O
software	O
for	O
direct	O
server	O
installation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
reduces	O
application	O
latency	O
and	O
integrates	O
with	O
a	O
business	O
's	O
current	O
data	B-General_Concept
management	I-General_Concept
set	O
up	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Db2	B-Application
Hosted	O
offers	O
exact	O
server	O
configuration	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
needs	O
of	O
the	O
business	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Encryption	O
:	O
Db2	B-Application
Hosted	O
supports	O
SSL	O
connections	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Elasticity	O
:	O
Db2	B-Application
Hosted	O
allows	O
for	O
independent	O
scaling	O
of	O
compute	O
and	O
storage	O
to	O
meet	O
changing	O
business	O
needs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Autonomous	O
cloud	O
service	O
:	O
Db2	B-Application
Warehouse	O
on	O
Cloud	O
runs	O
on	O
an	O
autonomous	O
platform-as-a-service	O
,	O
and	O
is	O
powered	O
by	O
Db2	B-Application
's	O
autonomous	O
self-tuning	O
engine	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Day-to-day	O
operations	O
,	O
including	O
database	O
monitoring	O
,	O
uptime	B-Device
checks	O
and	O
failovers	O
,	O
are	O
fully	O
automated	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Optimized	O
for	O
analytics	O
:	O
Db2	B-Application
Warehouse	O
on	O
Cloud	O
delivers	O
high	O
performance	O
on	O
complex	O
analytics	O
workloads	O
by	O
utilizing	O
IBM	O
BLU	O
Acceleration	O
,	O
a	O
collection	O
of	O
technologies	O
pioneered	O
by	O
IBM	O
Research	O
that	O
features	O
four	O
key	O
optimizations	O
:	O
(	O
1	O
)	O
a	O
columnar	O
organized	O
storage	O
model	O
,	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
in-memory	O
processing	O
,	O
(	O
3	O
)	O
querying	O
of	O
compressed	O
data	O
sets	O
,	O
and	O
(	O
4	O
)	O
data	O
skipping	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Manage	O
highly	O
concurrent	O
workloads	O
:	O
Db2	B-Application
Warehouse	O
on	O
Cloud	O
includes	O
an	O
Adaptive	O
Workload	O
Management	O
technology	O
that	O
automatically	O
manages	O
resources	O
between	O
concurrent	O
workloads	O
,	O
given	O
user-defined	O
resource	O
targets	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Built-in	O
machine	O
learning	O
and	O
geospatial	O
capabilities	O
:	O
Db2	B-Application
Warehouse	O
on	O
Cloud	O
comes	O
with	O
in-database	O
machine	O
learning	O
capabilities	O
that	O
allow	O
users	O
to	O
train	O
and	O
run	O
machine	O
learning	O
models	O
on	O
Db2	B-Application
Warehouse	O
data	O
without	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
data	O
movement	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Examples	O
of	O
algorithms	O
include	O
Association	B-Algorithm
Rules	I-Algorithm
,	O
ANOVA	B-General_Concept
,	O
k-means	B-Algorithm
,	O
Regression	O
,	O
and	O
Naïve	B-General_Concept
Bayes	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Db2	B-Application
Warehouse	O
on	O
Cloud	O
also	O
supports	O
spatial	O
analytics	O
with	O
Esri	O
compatibility	O
,	O
supporting	O
Esri	O
data	O
types	O
such	O
as	O
GML	O
,	O
and	O
supports	O
native	O
Python	B-Language
drivers	B-Application
and	O
native	O
Db2	B-Application
Python	B-Language
integration	O
into	O
Jupyter	O
Notebooks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Elasticity	O
:	O
Db2	B-Application
Warehouse	O
on	O
Cloud	O
offers	O
independent	O
scaling	O
of	O
storage	O
and	O
compute	O
,	O
so	O
organizations	O
can	O
customize	O
their	O
data	O
warehouses	O
to	O
meet	O
the	O
needs	O
of	O
their	O
businesses	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Customers	O
can	O
scale	O
their	O
data	O
warehouse	O
through	O
the	O
Db2	B-Application
Warehouse	O
on	O
Cloud	O
web	O
console	O
or	O
API	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Polyglot	B-General_Concept
persistence	I-General_Concept
:	O
Db2	B-Application
Warehouse	O
on	O
Cloud	O
is	O
optimized	O
for	O
polyglot	B-General_Concept
persistence	I-General_Concept
of	O
data	O
,	O
and	O
supports	O
relational	O
(	O
columnar	O
and	O
row-oriented	O
tables	O
)	O
,	O
geospatial	O
,	O
and	O
NoSQL	B-General_Concept
document	O
(	O
XML	B-Protocol
,	O
JSON	B-General_Concept
,	O
BSON	B-Protocol
)	O
models	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Deployable	O
on	O
multiple	O
cloud	O
providers	O
:	O
Db2	B-Application
Warehouse	O
on	O
Cloud	O
is	O
currently	O
deployable	O
on	O
IBM	B-General_Concept
Cloud	I-General_Concept
and	O
Amazon	B-Application
Web	I-Application
Services	I-Application
(	O
AWS	B-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2018	O
the	O
IBM	O
SQL	B-Language
product	O
was	O
renamed	O
and	O
is	O
now	O
known	O
as	O
IBM	B-Application
Db2	I-Application
Big	O
SQL	B-Language
(	O
Big	O
SQL	B-Language
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Big	O
SQL	B-Language
is	O
an	O
enterprise-grade	O
,	O
hybrid	O
ANSI-compliant	O
SQL	B-Language
on	O
the	O
Hadoop	B-Application
engine	O
delivering	O
massively	O
parallel	O
processing	O
(	O
MPP	O
)	O
and	O
advanced	O
data	O
query	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Additional	O
benefits	O
include	O
low	O
latency	O
,	O
high	O
performance	O
,	O
security	O
,	O
SQL	B-Language
compatibility	O
and	O
federation	O
capabilities	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Big	O
SQL	B-Language
offers	O
a	O
single	O
database	O
connection	O
or	O
query	O
for	O
disparate	O
sources	O
such	O
as	O
HDFS	O
,	O
RDMS	O
,	O
NoSQL	B-General_Concept
databases	O
,	O
object	O
stores	O
and	O
WebHDFS	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Exploit	O
Hive	O
,	O
Or	O
to	O
exploit	O
Hbase	O
and	O
Spark	O
and	O
whether	O
on	O
the	O
cloud	O
,	O
on	O
premises	O
or	O
both	O
,	O
access	O
data	O
across	O
Hadoop	B-Application
and	O
relational	O
data	O
bases	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Users	O
(	O
data	O
scientists	O
and	O
analysts	O
)	O
can	O
run	O
smarter	O
ad	O
hoc	O
and	O
complex	O
queries	O
supporting	O
more	O
concurrent	O
users	O
with	O
less	O
hardware	O
compared	O
to	O
other	O
SQL	B-Language
options	O
for	O
Hadoop	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Big	O
SQL	B-Language
provides	O
an	O
ANSI-compliant	O
SQL	B-Language
parser	O
to	O
run	O
queries	O
from	O
unstructured	O
streaming	O
data	O
using	O
new	O
APIs	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Through	O
the	O
integration	O
with	O
the	O
IBM	O
Common	O
SQL	B-Language
Engine	O
,	O
Big	O
SQL	B-Language
was	O
designed	O
to	O
work	O
with	O
all	O
the	O
Db2	B-Application
family	O
of	O
offerings	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
with	O
the	O
IBM	O
Integrated	O
Analytics	O
System	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Big	O
SQL	B-Language
is	O
a	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
IBM	O
Hybrid	O
Data	B-General_Concept
Management	I-General_Concept
Platform	B-Device
,	O
a	O
comprehensive	O
IBM	O
strategy	O
for	O
flexibility	O
and	O
portability	O
,	O
strong	O
data	O
integration	O
and	O
flexible	O
licensing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Db2	B-Application
Event	O
Store	O
targets	O
the	O
needs	O
of	O
the	B-Operating_System
Internet	I-Operating_System
of	I-Operating_System
things	I-Operating_System
(	O
IOT	B-Operating_System
)	O
,	O
industrial	O
,	O
telecommunications	O
,	O
financial	O
services	O
,	O
online	O
retail	O
and	O
other	O
industries	O
needing	O
to	O
perform	O
real-time	O
analytics	O
on	O
streamed	O
high	O
volume	O
,	O
high	O
velocity	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Built	O
on	O
Spark	O
,	O
Db2	B-Application
Event	O
Store	O
is	O
compatible	O
with	O
Spark	O
Machine	O
Learning	O
,	O
Spark	O
SQL	B-Language
,	O
other	O
open	O
technologies	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
Db2	B-Application
family	O
Common	O
SQL	B-Language
Engine	O
and	O
all	O
languages	O
supported	O
–	O
including	O
Python	B-Language
,	O
GO	O
,	O
JDBC	O
,	O
ODBC	B-Application
,	O
and	O
more	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1994	O
,	O
IBM	O
renamed	O
the	O
integrated	O
relational	O
database	O
of	O
the	O
OS/400	B-Application
to	O
DB2/400	B-Application
to	O
indicate	O
comparable	O
functionality	O
to	O
DB2	B-Application
on	O
other	O
platforms	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Despite	O
this	O
name	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
based	O
on	O
DB2	B-Application
code	O
,	O
but	O
instead	O
it	O
evolved	O
from	O
the	O
IBM	B-Device
System/38	I-Device
integrated	O
database	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
product	O
is	O
currently	O
named	O
IBM	B-Application
Db2	I-Application
for	O
i	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Db2	B-Application
for	O
z/OS	B-Application
is	O
available	O
in	O
its	O
traditional	O
product	O
packaging	O
,	O
or	O
in	O
the	O
Value	O
Unit	O
Edition	O
,	O
which	O
allows	O
customers	O
to	O
instead	O
pay	O
a	O
one-time	O
charge	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Db2	B-Application
also	O
powers	O
IBM	O
InfoSphere	O
Warehouse	O
,	O
which	O
offers	O
data	O
warehouse	O
capabilities	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
InfoSphere	O
Warehouse	O
is	O
available	O
for	O
z/OS	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
includes	O
several	O
BI	B-Application
features	O
such	O
as	O
ETL	O
,	O
data	B-Application
mining	I-Application
,	O
OLAP	B-Application
acceleration	O
,	O
and	O
in-line	O
analytics	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Db2	B-Application
11.5	O
for	O
Linux	B-Application
,	O
UNIX	B-Application
and	O
Windows	O
,	O
contains	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
functionality	O
and	O
tools	O
offered	O
in	O
the	O
prior	O
generation	O
of	O
DB2	B-Application
and	O
InfoSphere	O
Warehouse	O
on	O
Linux	B-Application
,	O
UNIX	B-Application
and	O
Windows	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
IBM	O
offers	O
three	O
editions	O
:	O
Db2	B-Application
Community	O
Edition	O
,	O
Standard	O
Server	O
Edition	O
,	O
and	O
Advanced	O
Server	O
Edition	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
IBM	B-Application
Db2	I-Application
Community	O
Edition	O
is	O
a	O
free	O
to	O
download	O
,	O
use	O
and	O
redistribute	O
edition	O
of	O
the	O
IBM	B-Application
Db2	I-Application
data	O
server	O
,	O
which	O
has	O
both	O
XML	B-Application
database	I-Application
and	O
relational	B-Application
database	I-Application
management	I-Application
system	I-Application
features	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Db2	B-Application
Community	O
Edition	O
has	O
no	O
limit	O
on	O
number	O
of	O
users	O
or	O
database	O
size	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
June	O
27	O
,	O
2019	O
,	O
IBM	O
released	O
Db2	B-Application
V11.5	O
,	O
a	O
Db2	B-Application
update	O
designed	O
to	O
deliver	O
enhancements	O
to	O
help	O
automate	O
data	B-General_Concept
management	I-General_Concept
,	O
eliminate	O
ETL	O
,	O
and	O
support	O
artificial	O
intelligence	O
data	O
workloads	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
free	O
version	O
of	O
Db2	B-Application
is	O
the	O
Community	O
Edition	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
version	O
of	O
Db2	B-Application
contains	O
all	O
features	O
,	O
does	O
not	O
include	O
an	O
expiration	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
caps	O
on	O
this	O
version	O
of	O
Db2	B-Application
is	O
four	O
CPU	O
cores	O
and	O
16GB	O
of	O
RAM	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
IBM	B-Application
Db2	I-Application
Community	O
Edition	O
replaces	O
the	O
Db2	B-Application
Express	I-Application
edition	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
IBM	B-Application
Db2	I-Application
Community	O
edition	O
is	O
limited	O
to	O
use	O
up	O
to	O
16GB	O
RAM	O
and	O
four	O
CPU	O
cores	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
prior	O
free	O
Db2	B-Application
version	O
,	O
the	O
IBM	B-Application
DB2	I-Application
Express-C	I-Application
,	O
supported	O
up	O
to	O
16GB	O
RAM	O
and	O
two	O
CPU	O
cores	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
June	O
27	O
,	O
2019	O
,	O
IBM	O
announced	O
a	O
special	O
free	O
version	O
of	O
Db2	B-Application
Database	I-Application
called	O
Db2	B-Application
Community	O
edition	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Db2	B-Application
Community	O
edition	O
was	O
created	O
for	O
the	O
11.5	O
release	O
of	O
IBM	B-Application
Db2	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Db2	B-Application
Community	O
edition	O
replaced	O
the	O
previously	O
free	O
version	O
of	O
IBM	B-Application
Db2	I-Application
known	O
as	O
DB2	B-Application
Express-C	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
January	O
30	O
,	O
2006	O
,	O
IBM	O
announced	O
a	O
special	O
free	O
version	O
of	O
DB2	B-Application
Express	I-Application
edition	O
called	O
DB2	O
Express-C	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
DB2	O
Express-C	O
edition	O
was	O
created	O
for	O
the	O
8.2	O
release	O
of	O
IBM	B-Application
Db2	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
this	O
Db2	B-Application
Express-C	O
was	O
created	O
for	O
all	O
new	O
DB2	B-Application
versions	O
:	O
9.1	O
(	O
codenamed	O
"	O
Viper	O
"	O
)	O
,	O
9.5	O
(	O
codename	O
"	O
Viper	O
2	O
"	O
)	O
,	O
9.7	O
(	O
codename	O
"	O
Cobra	O
"	O
)	O
,	O
10.01	O
(	O
codename	O
"	O
Galileo	O
"	O
)	O
,	O
10.5	O
(	O
codename	O
"	O
Kepler	O
"	O
)	O
and	O
11.1	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Db2	B-Application
Standard	O
Edition	O
is	O
available	O
as	O
a	O
perpetual	O
software	O
license	O
for	O
production	O
and	O
non-production	O
use	O
for	O
up	O
to	O
16	O
processor	O
cores	O
and	O
128	O
GB	O
RAM	O
with	O
IBM	O
support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
production	O
use	O
,	O
Db2	B-Application
Standard	O
Edition	O
can	O
be	O
licensed	O
based	O
on	O
a	O
Virtual	O
Processor	O
Core	O
metric	O
,	O
wherein	O
it	O
is	O
licensed	O
by	O
the	O
total	O
count	O
of	O
processor	O
cores	O
in	O
a	O
non-partitioned	O
physical	O
server	O
,	O
or	O
virtual	O
cores	O
assigned	O
to	O
a	O
virtual	O
server	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
non-production	O
use	O
,	O
Db2	B-Application
Standard	O
Edition	O
can	O
be	O
licensed	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
total	O
count	O
of	O
authorized	O
users	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Db2	B-Application
Advanced	O
Edition	O
is	O
available	O
only	O
as	O
a	O
component	O
of	O
the	O
IBM	O
Hybrid	O
Data	B-General_Concept
Management	I-General_Concept
Platform	B-Device
(	O
HDMP	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Within	O
HDMP	O
,	O
Db2	B-Application
is	O
available	O
both	O
as	O
a	O
perpetual	O
software	O
license	O
AND	O
a	O
monthly	O
subscription	O
for	O
unrestricted	O
production	O
and	O
non-production	O
use	O
with	O
premium	O
IBM	O
support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Flexpoints	O
are	O
generic	O
licensing	O
credits	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
deploy	O
any	O
Db2-family	O
software	O
product	O
or	O
cloud	O
service	O
offering	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Db2	B-Application
Advanced	O
Edition	O
offers	O
these	O
benefits	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Db2	B-Application
can	O
be	O
administered	O
from	O
either	O
the	O
command-line	O
or	O
a	O
GUI	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
GUI	O
is	O
a	O
multi-platform	O
Java	B-Device
client	O
that	O
contains	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
wizards	O
suitable	O
for	O
novice	O
users	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Db2	B-Application
supports	O
both	O
SQL	B-Language
and	O
XQuery	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
DB2	B-Application
has	O
native	O
implementation	O
of	O
XML	B-Protocol
data	O
storage	O
,	O
where	O
XML	B-Protocol
data	O
is	O
stored	O
as	O
XML	B-Protocol
(	O
not	O
as	O
relational	O
data	O
or	O
CLOB	O
data	O
)	O
for	O
faster	O
access	O
using	O
XQuery	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Db2	B-Application
has	O
APIs	B-General_Concept
for	O
Rexx	B-Language
,	O
PL/I	B-Language
,	O
COBOL	B-Application
,	O
RPG	B-Language
,	O
Fortran	B-Application
,	O
C++	B-Language
,	O
C	B-Language
,	O
Delphi	B-Language
,	O
.NET	B-Application
CLI	O
,	O
Java	B-Device
,	O
Python	B-Language
,	O
Perl	B-Language
,	O
PHP	B-Application
,	O
Ruby	B-Language
,	O
and	O
many	O
other	O
programming	O
languages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Db2	B-Application
also	O
supports	O
integration	O
into	O
the	O
Eclipse	B-Application
and	O
Visual	B-Application
Studio	I-Application
integrated	B-Application
development	I-Application
environments	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
pureQuery	O
is	O
IBM	O
's	O
data	O
access	O
platform	B-Device
focused	O
on	O
applications	O
that	O
access	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
pureQuery	O
supports	O
both	O
Java	B-Device
and	O
.NET	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
pureQuery	O
provides	O
access	O
to	O
data	O
in	O
databases	O
and	O
in-memory	O
Java	B-Device
objects	O
via	O
its	O
tools	O
,	O
APIs	B-General_Concept
,	O
and	O
runtime	B-Device
environment	I-Device
as	O
delivered	O
in	O
IBM	O
Data	O
Studio	O
Developer	O
and	O
IBM	O
Data	O
Studio	O
pureQuery	O
Runtime	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
important	O
feature	O
of	O
Db2	B-Application
computer	B-Application
programs	I-Application
is	O
error	O
handling	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
SQL	B-Language
communications	O
area	O
(	O
SQLCA	B-Application
)	O
structure	O
was	O
once	O
used	O
exclusively	O
within	O
a	O
Db2	B-Application
program	O
to	O
return	O
error	O
information	O
to	O
the	O
application	B-Application
program	I-Application
after	O
every	O
SQL	B-Language
statement	O
was	O
executed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
primary	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
singularly	O
useful	O
,	O
error	O
diagnostic	O
is	O
held	O
in	O
the	O
field	O
SQLCODE	B-Application
within	O
the	O
SQLCA	B-Application
block	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
SQL	B-Application
return	I-Application
code	I-Application
values	O
are	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Later	O
versions	O
of	O
Db2	B-Application
added	O
functionality	O
and	O
complexity	O
to	O
the	O
execution	O
of	O
SQL	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Multiple	O
errors	O
or	O
warnings	O
could	O
be	O
returned	O
by	O
the	O
execution	O
of	O
an	O
SQL	B-Language
statement	O
;	O
it	O
may	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
have	O
initiated	O
a	O
database	B-Language
trigger	I-Language
and	O
other	O
SQL	B-Language
statements	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Instead	O
of	O
the	O
original	O
SQLCA	B-Application
,	O
error	O
information	O
should	O
now	O
be	O
retrieved	O
by	O
successive	O
executions	O
of	O
a	O
GET	O
DIAGNOSTICS	O
statement	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
See	O
SQL	B-Application
return	I-Application
codes	I-Application
for	O
a	O
more	O
comprehensive	O
list	O
of	O
common	O
SQLCODEs	B-Application
.	O
</s>
