<s>
AIX	B-Application
(	O
Advanced	B-Application
Interactive	I-Application
eXecutive	I-Application
,	O
pronounced	O
,	O
"	O
ay-eye-ex	O
"	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
proprietary	B-Application
Unix	B-Application
operating	I-Application
systems	I-Application
developed	O
and	O
sold	O
by	O
IBM	O
for	O
several	O
of	O
its	O
computer	O
platforms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Originally	O
released	O
for	O
the	O
IBM	B-Device
RT	I-Device
PC	I-Device
RISC	B-Architecture
workstation	B-Device
in	O
1986	O
,	O
AIX	B-Application
has	O
supported	O
a	O
wide	O
variety	O
of	O
hardware	O
platforms	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
IBM	B-Device
RS/6000	I-Device
series	O
and	O
later	O
Power	B-Architecture
and	O
PowerPC-based	O
systems	O
,	O
IBM	B-Device
System	I-Device
i	I-Device
,	O
System/370	B-Device
mainframes	B-Architecture
,	O
PS/2	B-Device
personal	O
computers	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
Apple	B-Device
Network	I-Device
Server	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
currently	O
supported	O
on	O
IBM	B-Device
Power	I-Device
Systems	I-Device
alongside	O
IBM	B-Application
i	I-Application
and	O
Linux	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
AIX	B-Application
is	O
based	O
on	O
UNIX	B-Operating_System
System	I-Operating_System
V	I-Operating_System
with	O
4.3BSD-compatible	O
extensions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
certified	O
to	O
the	O
UNIX	B-Application
03	O
and	O
UNIX	B-Application
V7	O
marks	O
of	O
the	O
Single	O
UNIX	B-Application
Specification	O
,	O
beginning	O
with	O
AIX	B-Application
versions	O
5.3	O
and	O
7.2	O
TL5	O
respectively	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Older	O
versions	O
were	O
previously	O
certified	O
to	O
the	O
UNIX	B-Application
95	O
and	O
UNIX	B-Application
98	O
marks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AIX	B-Application
was	O
the	O
first	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
to	O
have	O
a	O
journaling	B-Application
file	I-Application
system	I-Application
,	O
and	O
IBM	O
has	O
continuously	O
enhanced	O
the	O
software	O
with	O
features	O
such	O
as	O
processor	O
,	O
disk	O
and	O
network	B-Architecture
virtualization	B-General_Concept
,	O
dynamic	O
hardware	O
resource	O
allocation	O
(	O
including	O
fractional	O
processor	O
units	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
reliability	O
engineering	O
ported	O
from	O
its	O
mainframe	B-Architecture
designs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unix	B-Application
started	O
life	O
at	O
T	O
's	O
Bell	O
Labs	O
research	O
center	O
in	O
the	O
early	O
1970s	O
,	O
running	O
on	O
DEC	O
minicomputers	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
1976	O
,	O
the	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
was	O
in	O
use	O
at	O
various	O
academic	O
institutions	O
,	O
including	O
Princeton	O
,	O
where	O
Tom	O
Lyon	O
and	O
others	O
ported	O
it	O
to	O
the	O
S/370	B-Device
,	O
to	O
run	O
as	O
a	O
guest	O
OS	O
under	O
VM/370	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
port	O
would	O
later	O
grow	O
out	O
to	O
become	O
UTS	B-Operating_System
,	O
a	O
mainframe	B-Architecture
Unix	B-Application
offering	O
by	O
IBM	O
's	O
competitor	O
Amdahl	O
Corporation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
IBM	O
's	O
own	O
involvement	O
in	O
Unix	B-Application
can	O
be	O
dated	O
to	O
1979	O
,	O
when	O
it	O
assisted	O
Bell	O
Labs	O
in	O
doing	O
its	O
own	O
Unix	B-Application
port	O
to	O
the	O
370	O
(	O
to	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
build	O
host	O
for	O
the	O
5ESS	B-Device
switch	I-Device
's	O
software	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
process	O
,	O
IBM	O
made	O
modifications	O
to	O
the	O
TSS/370	B-Application
hypervisor	B-Operating_System
to	O
better	O
support	O
Unix	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
took	O
until	O
1985	O
for	O
IBM	O
to	O
offer	O
its	O
own	O
Unix	B-Application
on	O
the	O
S/370	B-Device
platform	O
,	O
IX/370	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
developed	O
by	O
Interactive	B-Operating_System
Systems	I-Operating_System
Corporation	I-Operating_System
and	O
intended	O
by	O
IBM	O
to	O
compete	O
with	O
Amdahl	B-Operating_System
UTS	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
offered	O
special	O
facilities	O
for	O
interoperating	O
with	O
PC/IX	B-Operating_System
,	O
Interactive/IBM	O
'	O
s	O
version	O
of	O
Unix	B-Application
for	O
IBM	B-Device
PC	I-Device
compatible	O
hardware	O
,	O
and	O
was	O
licensed	O
at	O
$	O
10,000	O
per	O
sixteen	O
concurrent	O
users	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AIX	B-Application
Version	O
1	O
,	O
introduced	O
in	O
1986	O
for	O
the	O
IBM	B-Device
RT	I-Device
PC	I-Device
workstation	B-Device
,	O
was	O
based	O
on	O
UNIX	B-Operating_System
System	I-Operating_System
V	I-Operating_System
Releases	O
1	O
and	O
2	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
developing	O
AIX	B-Application
,	O
IBM	O
and	O
Interactive	B-Operating_System
Systems	I-Operating_System
Corporation	I-Operating_System
(	O
whom	O
IBM	O
contracted	O
)	O
also	O
incorporated	O
source	O
code	O
from	O
4.2	O
and	O
4.3	O
BSD	B-Operating_System
UNIX	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Among	O
other	O
variants	O
,	O
IBM	O
later	O
produced	O
AIX	B-Application
Version	O
3	O
(	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
AIX/6000	O
)	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
System	B-Operating_System
V	I-Operating_System
Release	I-Operating_System
3	I-Operating_System
,	O
for	O
their	O
POWER-based	O
RS/6000	B-Device
platform	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
1990	O
,	O
AIX	B-Application
has	O
served	O
as	O
the	O
primary	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
for	O
the	O
RS/6000	B-Device
series	O
(	O
later	O
renamed	O
IBM	B-Device
eServer	I-Device
pSeries	I-Device
,	O
then	O
IBM	B-Device
System	I-Device
p	I-Device
,	O
and	O
now	O
IBM	B-Device
Power	I-Device
Systems	I-Device
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AIX	B-Application
Version	O
4	O
,	O
introduced	O
in	O
1994	O
,	O
added	O
symmetric	B-Operating_System
multiprocessing	I-Operating_System
with	O
the	O
introduction	O
of	O
the	O
first	O
RS/6000	B-Device
SMP	O
servers	B-Application
and	O
continued	O
to	O
evolve	O
through	O
the	O
1990s	O
,	O
culminating	O
with	O
AIX	B-Application
4.3.3	O
in	O
1999	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Version	O
4.1	O
,	O
in	O
a	O
slightly	O
modified	O
form	O
,	O
was	O
also	O
the	O
standard	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
for	O
the	O
Apple	B-Device
Network	I-Device
Server	I-Device
systems	O
sold	O
by	O
Apple	O
Computer	O
to	O
complement	O
the	O
Macintosh	B-Device
line	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
late	O
1990s	O
,	O
under	O
Project	B-Operating_System
Monterey	I-Operating_System
,	O
IBM	O
and	O
the	O
Santa	O
Cruz	O
Operation	O
planned	O
to	O
integrate	O
AIX	B-Application
and	O
UnixWare	B-Operating_System
into	O
a	O
single	O
32-bit/64	O
-bit	O
multiplatform	O
UNIX	B-Application
with	O
particular	O
emphasis	O
on	O
running	O
on	O
Intel	O
IA-64	B-General_Concept
(	O
Itanium	B-General_Concept
)	O
architecture	B-General_Concept
CPUs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
beta	O
test	O
version	O
of	O
AIX	B-Application
5L	O
for	O
IA-64	B-General_Concept
systems	O
was	O
released	O
,	O
but	O
according	O
to	O
documents	O
released	O
in	O
the	O
SCO	O
v	O
.	O
IBM	O
lawsuit	O
,	O
less	O
than	O
forty	O
licenses	O
for	O
the	O
finished	O
Monterey	O
Unix	B-Application
were	O
ever	O
sold	O
before	O
the	O
project	O
was	O
terminated	O
in	O
2002	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2003	O
,	O
the	O
SCO	O
Group	O
alleged	O
that	O
(	O
among	O
other	O
infractions	O
)	O
IBM	O
had	O
misappropriated	O
licensed	O
source	O
code	O
from	O
UNIX	B-Operating_System
System	I-Operating_System
V	I-Operating_System
Release	O
4	O
for	O
incorporation	O
into	O
AIX	B-Application
;	O
SCO	O
subsequently	O
withdrew	O
IBM	O
's	O
license	O
to	O
develop	O
and	O
distribute	O
AIX	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
AIX	B-Application
was	O
a	O
component	O
of	O
the	O
2003	O
SCO	O
v	O
.	O
IBM	O
lawsuit	O
,	O
in	O
which	O
the	O
SCO	O
Group	O
filed	O
a	O
lawsuit	O
against	O
IBM	O
,	O
alleging	O
IBM	O
contributed	O
SCO	O
's	O
intellectual	O
property	O
to	O
the	O
Linux	B-Application
codebase	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
SCO	O
Group	O
,	O
who	O
argued	O
they	O
were	O
the	O
rightful	O
owners	O
of	O
the	O
copyrights	O
covering	O
the	O
Unix	B-Application
operating	I-Application
system	I-Application
,	O
attempted	O
to	O
revoke	O
IBM	O
's	O
license	O
to	O
sell	O
or	O
distribute	O
the	O
AIX	B-Application
operating	I-Application
system	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
March	O
2010	O
,	O
a	O
jury	O
returned	O
a	O
verdict	O
finding	O
that	O
Novell	O
,	O
not	O
the	O
SCO	O
Group	O
,	O
owns	O
the	O
rights	O
to	O
Unix	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
AIX	B-Application
6	O
was	O
announced	O
in	O
May	O
2007	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
ran	O
as	O
an	O
open	O
beta	O
from	O
June	O
2007	O
until	O
the	O
general	O
availability	O
(	O
GA	O
)	O
of	O
AIX	B-Application
6.1	O
on	O
November	O
9	O
,	O
2007	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Major	O
new	O
features	O
in	O
AIX	B-Application
6.1	O
included	O
full	O
role-based	O
access	O
control	O
,	O
workload	B-Operating_System
partitions	I-Operating_System
(	O
which	O
enable	O
application	O
mobility	O
)	O
,	O
enhanced	O
security	O
(	O
Addition	O
of	O
AES	O
encryption	O
type	O
for	O
NFS	B-Protocol
v3	O
and	O
v4	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
Live	B-General_Concept
Partition	I-General_Concept
Mobility	I-General_Concept
on	O
the	O
POWER6	B-Device
hardware	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AIX	B-Application
7.1	O
was	O
announced	O
in	O
April	O
2010	O
,	O
and	O
an	O
open	O
beta	O
ran	O
until	O
general	O
availability	O
of	O
AIX	B-Application
7.1	O
in	O
September	O
2010	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AIX	B-Application
7.1	O
includes	O
a	O
new	O
built-in	O
clustering	O
capability	O
called	O
Cluster	O
Aware	O
AIX	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
AIX	B-Application
is	O
able	O
to	O
organize	O
multiple	O
LPARs	B-Device
through	O
the	O
multipath	O
communications	O
channel	O
to	O
neighboring	O
CPUs	O
,	O
enabling	O
very	O
high-speed	O
communication	O
between	O
processors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
enables	O
multi-terabyte	O
memory	O
address	O
range	O
and	O
page	O
table	O
access	O
to	O
support	O
global	O
petabyte	O
shared	O
memory	O
space	O
for	O
AIX	B-Application
POWER7	B-Device
clusters	O
so	O
that	O
software	O
developers	O
can	O
program	O
a	O
cluster	O
as	O
if	O
it	O
were	O
a	O
single	O
system	O
,	O
without	O
using	O
message	O
passing	O
(	O
i.e.	O
</s>
<s>
AIX	B-Application
administrators	O
can	O
use	O
this	O
new	O
capability	O
to	O
cluster	O
a	O
pool	O
of	O
AIX	B-Application
nodes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
default	O
,	O
AIX	B-Application
V7.1	O
pins	O
kernel	B-Operating_System
memory	O
and	O
includes	O
support	O
to	O
allow	O
applications	O
to	O
pin	O
their	O
kernel	B-Operating_System
stack	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Pinning	O
kernel	B-Operating_System
memory	O
and	O
the	O
kernel	B-Operating_System
stack	O
for	O
applications	O
with	O
real-time	O
requirements	O
can	O
provide	O
performance	O
improvements	O
by	O
ensuring	O
that	O
the	O
kernel	B-Operating_System
memory	O
and	O
kernel	B-Operating_System
stack	O
for	O
an	O
application	O
is	O
not	O
paged	O
out	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AIX	B-Application
7.2	O
was	O
announced	O
in	O
October	O
2015	O
,	O
and	O
released	O
in	O
December	O
2015	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
principal	O
feature	O
of	O
AIX	B-Application
7.2	O
is	O
the	O
Live	O
Kernel	B-Operating_System
Update	O
capability	O
,	O
which	O
allows	O
OS	O
fixes	O
to	O
replace	O
the	O
entire	O
AIX	B-Application
kernel	B-Operating_System
with	O
no	O
impact	O
to	O
applications	O
,	O
by	O
live	O
migrating	O
workloads	O
to	O
a	O
temporary	O
surrogate	O
AIX	B-Application
OS	I-Application
partition	B-Device
while	O
the	O
original	O
OS	O
partition	B-Device
is	O
patched	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AIX	B-Application
7.2	O
was	O
also	O
restructured	O
to	O
remove	O
obsolete	O
components	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unlike	O
AIX	B-Application
7.1	O
,	O
AIX	B-Application
7.2	O
is	O
only	O
supported	O
on	O
systems	O
based	O
on	O
POWER7	B-Device
or	O
later	O
processors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
January	O
2023	O
,	O
IBM	O
moved	O
development	O
of	O
AIX	B-Application
to	O
its	O
Indian	O
subsidiary	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
original	O
AIX	B-Application
(	O
sometimes	O
called	O
AIX/RT	B-Application
)	O
was	O
developed	O
for	O
the	O
IBM	B-Device
RT	I-Device
PC	I-Device
workstation	B-Device
by	O
IBM	O
in	O
conjunction	O
with	O
Interactive	B-Operating_System
Systems	I-Operating_System
Corporation	I-Operating_System
,	O
who	O
had	O
previously	O
ported	O
UNIX	B-Operating_System
System	I-Operating_System
III	I-Operating_System
to	O
the	O
IBM	B-Device
PC	I-Device
for	O
IBM	O
as	O
PC/IX	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
According	O
to	O
its	O
developers	O
,	O
the	O
AIX	B-Application
source	O
(	O
for	O
this	O
initial	O
version	O
)	O
consisted	O
of	O
one	O
million	O
lines	O
of	O
code	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Installation	O
media	O
consisted	O
of	O
eight	O
1.2M	B-Device
floppy	B-Device
disks	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
RT	O
was	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
IBM	B-Device
ROMP	I-Device
microprocessor	B-Architecture
,	O
the	O
first	O
commercial	O
RISC	B-Architecture
chip	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
was	O
based	O
on	O
a	O
design	O
pioneered	O
at	O
IBM	O
Research	O
(	O
the	O
IBM	B-Device
801	I-Device
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
of	O
the	O
novel	O
aspects	O
of	O
the	O
RT	O
design	O
was	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
a	O
microkernel	B-Operating_System
,	O
called	O
Virtual	B-Device
Resource	I-Device
Manager	I-Device
(	O
VRM	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
keyboard	O
,	O
mouse	O
,	O
display	O
,	O
disk	O
drives	O
and	O
network	B-Architecture
were	O
all	O
controlled	O
by	O
a	O
microkernel	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
could	O
"	O
hotkey	O
"	O
from	O
one	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
to	O
the	O
next	O
using	O
the	O
Alt-Tab	O
key	O
combination	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Besides	O
AIX	B-Application
v2	O
,	O
the	O
PICK	B-Application
OS	I-Application
also	O
included	O
this	O
microkernel	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Much	O
of	O
the	O
AIX	B-Application
v2	O
kernel	B-Operating_System
was	O
written	O
in	O
the	O
PL/8	B-Language
programming	O
language	O
,	O
which	O
proved	O
troublesome	O
during	O
the	O
migration	O
to	O
AIX	B-Application
v3	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AIX	B-Application
v2	O
included	O
full	O
TCP/IP	B-Protocol
networking	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
SNA	B-Architecture
and	O
two	O
networking	O
file	O
systems	O
:	O
NFS	B-Protocol
,	O
licensed	O
from	O
Sun	O
Microsystems	O
,	O
and	O
Distributed	O
Services	O
(	O
DS	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DS	O
had	O
the	O
distinction	O
of	O
being	O
built	O
on	O
top	O
of	O
SNA	B-Architecture
,	O
and	O
thereby	O
being	O
fully	O
compatible	O
with	O
DS	O
on	O
and	O
on	O
midrange	O
systems	O
running	O
OS/400	B-Application
through	O
IBM	B-Application
i	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
the	O
graphical	B-Application
user	I-Application
interfaces	I-Application
,	O
AIX	B-Application
v2	O
came	O
with	O
the	O
X10R3	O
and	O
later	O
the	O
X10R4	O
and	O
X11	B-Operating_System
versions	O
of	O
the	O
X	B-Operating_System
Window	I-Operating_System
System	I-Operating_System
from	O
MIT	O
,	O
together	O
with	O
the	O
Athena	B-Library
widget	I-Library
set	I-Library
.	O
</s>
<s>
Compilers	O
for	O
Fortran	B-Application
and	O
C	B-Language
were	O
available	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AIX	B-Application
PS/2	B-Device
(	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
AIX/386	O
)	O
was	O
developed	O
by	O
Locus	O
Computing	O
Corporation	O
under	O
contract	O
to	O
IBM	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AIX	B-Application
PS/2	B-Device
,	O
first	O
released	O
in	O
October	O
1988	O
,	O
ran	O
on	O
IBM	B-Device
PS/2	I-Device
personal	O
computers	O
with	O
Intel	B-General_Concept
386	I-General_Concept
and	O
compatible	O
processors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
product	O
was	O
announced	O
in	O
September	O
1988	O
with	O
a	O
baseline	O
tag	O
price	O
of	O
$595	O
,	O
although	O
some	O
utilities	O
like	O
uucp	B-Protocol
were	O
included	O
in	O
a	O
separate	O
Extension	O
package	O
priced	O
at	O
$250	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
nroff	B-Device
and	O
troff	B-Language
for	O
AIX	B-Application
were	O
also	O
sold	O
separately	O
in	O
a	O
Text	O
Formatting	O
System	O
package	O
priced	O
at	O
$200	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
TCP/IP	B-Protocol
stack	I-Protocol
for	O
AIX	B-Application
PS/2	B-Device
retailed	O
for	O
another	O
$300	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
X	B-Operating_System
Window	I-Operating_System
System	I-Operating_System
package	O
was	O
priced	O
at	O
$195	O
,	O
and	O
featured	O
a	O
graphical	B-Application
environment	I-Application
called	O
the	O
AIXwindows	O
Desktop	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
IXI	O
's	O
X.desktop	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
C	B-Language
and	O
FORTRAN	B-Application
compilers	O
each	O
had	O
a	O
price	O
tag	O
of	O
$275	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Locus	O
also	O
made	O
available	O
their	O
DOS	O
Merge	O
virtual	O
machine	O
environment	O
for	O
AIX	B-Application
,	O
which	O
could	O
run	O
MS	O
DOS	O
3.3	O
applications	O
inside	O
AIX	B-Application
;	O
DOS	O
Merge	O
was	O
sold	O
separately	O
for	O
another	O
$250	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
IBM	O
also	O
offered	O
a	O
$150	O
AIX	B-Application
PS/2	B-Device
DOS	O
Server	B-Application
Program	O
,	O
which	O
provided	O
file	B-Application
server	I-Application
and	O
print	B-Application
server	I-Application
services	O
for	O
client	O
computers	O
running	O
PC	O
DOS	O
3.3	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
last	O
version	O
of	O
PS/2	B-Device
AIX	B-Application
is	O
1.3	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
released	O
in	O
1992	O
and	O
announced	O
to	O
add	O
support	O
for	O
non-IBM	O
(	O
non-microchannel	O
)	O
computers	O
as	O
well	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Support	O
for	O
PS/2	B-Device
AIX	B-Application
ended	O
in	O
March	O
1995	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1988	O
,	O
IBM	O
announced	O
AIX/370	O
,	O
also	O
developed	O
by	O
Locus	O
Computing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AIX/370	O
was	O
IBM	O
's	O
fourth	O
attempt	O
to	O
offer	O
Unix-like	B-Operating_System
functionality	O
for	O
their	O
mainframe	B-Architecture
line	O
,	O
specifically	O
the	O
System/370	B-Device
(	O
the	O
prior	O
versions	O
were	O
a	O
TSS/370	B-Application
-based	O
Unix	B-Application
system	I-Application
developed	O
jointly	O
with	O
AT&T	O
c.1980	O
,	O
a	O
VM/370	B-Application
-based	O
system	O
named	O
VM/IX	O
developed	O
jointly	O
with	O
Interactive	B-Operating_System
Systems	I-Operating_System
Corporation	I-Operating_System
c.1984	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
VM/370	B-Application
-based	O
version	O
of	O
TSS/370	B-Application
named	O
IX/370	O
which	O
was	O
upgraded	O
to	O
be	O
compatible	O
with	O
UNIX	B-Operating_System
System	I-Operating_System
V	I-Operating_System
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AIX/370	O
was	O
released	O
in	O
1990	O
with	O
functional	O
equivalence	O
to	O
System	B-Operating_System
V	I-Operating_System
Release	O
2	O
and	O
4.3BSD	B-Operating_System
as	O
well	O
as	O
IBM	O
enhancements	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
the	O
introduction	O
of	O
the	O
ESA/390	B-Device
architecture	B-General_Concept
,	O
AIX/370	O
was	O
replaced	O
by	O
AIX/ESA	O
in	O
1991	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
based	O
on	O
OSF/1	B-Operating_System
,	O
and	O
also	O
ran	O
on	O
the	O
System/390	B-Device
platform	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
development	O
effort	O
was	O
made	O
partly	O
to	O
allow	O
IBM	O
to	O
compete	O
with	O
Amdahl	B-Operating_System
UTS	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unlike	O
AIX/370	O
,	O
AIX/ESA	O
ran	O
both	O
natively	O
as	O
the	O
host	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
,	O
and	O
as	O
a	O
guest	O
under	O
VM	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
AIX/ESA	O
,	O
while	O
technically	O
advanced	O
,	O
had	O
little	O
commercial	O
success	O
,	O
partially	O
because	O
UNIX	B-Application
functionality	O
was	O
added	O
as	O
an	O
option	O
to	O
the	O
existing	O
mainframe	B-Architecture
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
,	O
MVS	B-Application
,	O
as	O
MVS/ESA	O
SP	O
Version	O
4	O
Release	O
3	O
OpenEdition	O
in	O
1994	O
,	O
and	O
continued	O
as	O
an	O
integral	O
part	O
of	O
MVS/ESA	O
SP	O
Version	O
5	O
,	O
OS/390	O
and	O
z/OS	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
name	O
eventually	O
changing	O
from	O
OpenEdition	O
to	O
Unix	B-Application
System	I-Application
Services	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
IBM	O
also	O
provided	O
OpenEdition	O
in	O
VM/ESA	B-Application
Version	O
2	O
through	O
z/VM	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
part	O
of	O
Project	B-Operating_System
Monterey	I-Operating_System
,	O
IBM	O
released	O
a	O
beta	O
test	O
version	O
of	O
AIX	B-Application
5L	O
for	O
the	O
IA-64	B-General_Concept
(	O
Itanium	B-General_Concept
)	O
architecture	B-General_Concept
in	O
2001	O
,	O
but	O
this	O
never	O
became	O
an	O
official	O
product	O
due	O
to	O
lack	O
of	O
interest	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Apple	B-Device
Network	I-Device
Server	I-Device
(	O
ANS	O
)	O
systems	O
were	O
PowerPC-based	O
systems	O
designed	O
by	O
Apple	O
Computer	O
to	O
have	O
numerous	O
high-end	O
features	O
that	O
standard	O
Apple	O
hardware	O
did	O
not	O
have	O
,	O
including	O
swappable	O
hard	O
drives	O
,	O
redundant	O
power	B-Architecture
supplies	O
,	O
and	O
external	O
monitoring	O
capability	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
systems	O
were	O
more	O
or	O
less	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
Power	B-Device
Macintosh	I-Device
hardware	O
available	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
but	O
were	O
designed	O
to	O
use	O
AIX	B-Application
(	O
versions	O
4.1.4	O
or	O
4.1.5	O
)	O
as	O
their	O
native	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
in	O
a	O
specialized	O
version	O
specific	O
to	O
the	O
ANS	O
called	O
AIX	B-Application
for	O
Apple	B-Device
Network	I-Device
Servers	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
AIX	B-Application
was	O
only	O
compatible	O
with	O
the	O
Network	B-Application
Servers	I-Application
and	O
was	O
not	O
ported	O
to	O
standard	O
Power	B-Device
Macintosh	I-Device
hardware	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
should	O
not	O
be	O
confused	O
with	O
A/UX	B-Operating_System
,	O
Apple	O
's	O
earlier	O
version	O
of	O
Unix	B-Application
for	O
68k-based	O
Macintoshes	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
release	O
of	O
AIX	B-Application
version	O
3	O
(	O
sometimes	O
called	O
AIX/6000	O
)	O
coincided	O
with	O
the	O
announcement	O
of	O
the	O
first	O
POWER1-based	O
IBM	B-Device
RS/6000	I-Device
models	O
in	O
1990	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AIX	B-Application
v3	O
innovated	O
in	O
several	O
ways	O
on	O
the	O
software	O
side	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
the	O
first	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
to	O
introduce	O
the	O
idea	O
of	O
a	O
journaling	B-Application
file	I-Application
system	I-Application
,	O
JFS	B-Application
,	O
which	O
allowed	O
for	O
fast	O
boot	O
times	O
by	O
avoiding	O
the	O
need	O
to	O
ensure	O
the	O
consistency	O
of	O
the	O
file	O
systems	O
on	O
disks	O
(	O
see	O
fsck	B-Device
)	O
on	O
every	O
reboot	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Besides	O
improving	O
performance	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
a	O
boon	O
to	O
developers	O
:	O
executable	O
binaries	O
could	O
be	O
in	O
the	O
tens	O
of	O
kilobytes	O
instead	O
of	O
a	O
megabyte	O
for	O
an	O
executable	O
statically	O
linked	O
to	O
the	O
C	B-Language
library	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
AIX	B-Application
v3	O
also	O
scrapped	O
the	O
microkernel	B-Operating_System
of	O
AIX	B-Application
v2	O
,	O
a	O
contentious	O
move	O
that	O
resulted	O
in	O
v3	O
containing	O
no	O
PL/8	B-Language
code	O
and	O
being	O
somewhat	O
more	O
"	O
pure	O
"	O
than	O
v2	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
IRIS	B-Library
GL	I-Library
,	O
a	O
3D	O
rendering	O
library	B-Library
,	O
the	O
progenitor	O
of	O
OpenGL	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
IRIS	B-Library
GL	I-Library
was	O
licensed	O
by	O
IBM	O
from	O
SGI	O
in	O
1987	O
,	O
then	O
still	O
a	O
fairly	O
small	O
company	O
,	O
which	O
had	O
sold	O
only	O
a	O
few	O
thousand	O
machines	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SGI	O
also	O
provided	O
the	O
low-end	O
graphics	O
card	O
for	O
the	O
RS/6000	B-Device
,	O
capable	O
of	O
drawing	O
20,000	O
gouraud-shaded	B-Algorithm
triangles	O
per	O
second	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
high-end	O
graphics	O
card	O
was	O
designed	O
by	O
IBM	O
,	O
a	O
follow-on	O
to	O
the	O
mainframe-attached	O
IBM	O
5080	O
,	O
capable	O
of	O
rendering	O
990,000	O
vectors	O
per	O
second	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
PHIGS	B-Library
,	O
another	O
3D	O
rendering	O
API	B-Application
,	O
popular	O
in	O
automotive	O
CAD/CAM	O
circles	O
,	O
and	O
at	O
the	O
core	O
of	O
CATIA	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Full	O
implementation	O
of	O
version	O
11	O
of	O
the	O
X	B-Operating_System
Window	I-Operating_System
System	I-Operating_System
,	O
together	O
with	O
Motif	B-Application
as	O
the	O
recommended	O
widget	O
toolkit	O
and	O
window	O
manager	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Network	B-Protocol
file	I-Protocol
systems	I-Protocol
:	O
NFS	B-Protocol
from	O
Sun	O
;	O
AFS	O
,	O
the	O
Andrew	B-Application
File	I-Application
System	I-Application
;	O
and	O
DFS	O
,	O
the	O
Distributed	B-Protocol
File	I-Protocol
System	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
NCS	O
,	O
the	O
Network	B-Protocol
Computing	I-Protocol
System	I-Protocol
,	O
licensed	O
from	O
Apollo	O
Computer	O
(	O
later	O
acquired	O
by	O
HP	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
was	O
notable	O
as	O
a	O
"	O
plan	O
B	O
"	O
in	O
case	O
the	O
X11+Motif	O
combination	O
failed	O
in	O
the	O
marketplace	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
highly	O
proprietary	B-Application
,	O
supported	O
only	O
by	O
Sun	O
,	O
NeXT	O
,	O
and	O
IBM	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
cemented	O
its	O
failure	O
in	O
the	O
marketplace	O
in	O
the	O
face	O
of	O
the	O
open	B-Operating_System
systems	I-Operating_System
challenge	O
of	O
X11+Motif	O
and	O
its	O
lack	O
of	O
3D	O
capability	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
,	O
AIX	B-Application
applications	O
can	O
run	O
in	O
the	O
PASE	O
subsystem	O
under	O
IBM	B-Application
i	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
IBM	O
formerly	O
made	O
the	O
AIX	B-Application
for	O
RS/6000	B-Device
source	O
code	O
available	O
to	O
customers	O
for	O
an	O
additional	O
fee	O
;	O
in	O
1991	O
,	O
IBM	O
customers	O
could	O
order	O
the	O
AIX	B-Application
3.0	O
source	O
code	O
for	O
a	O
one-time	O
charge	O
of	O
US$	O
60,000	O
;	O
subsequently	O
,	O
IBM	O
released	O
the	O
AIX	B-Application
3.1	O
source	O
code	O
in	O
1992	O
,	O
and	O
AIX	B-Application
3.2	O
in	O
1993	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
source	O
code	O
distributions	O
excluded	O
certain	O
files	O
(	O
authored	O
by	O
third-parties	O
)	O
which	O
IBM	O
did	O
not	O
have	O
rights	O
to	O
redistribute	O
,	O
and	O
also	O
excluded	O
layered	O
products	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
MS-DOS	O
emulator	O
and	O
the	O
C	B-Language
compiler	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Furthermore	O
,	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
license	O
the	O
AIX	B-Application
source	O
code	O
,	O
the	O
customer	O
first	O
had	O
to	O
procure	O
source	O
code	O
license	O
agreements	O
with	O
AT&T	O
and	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
California	O
,	O
Berkeley	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Supports	O
secure	O
boot	O
on	O
POWER9	B-Device
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Kernel	B-Operating_System
scheduler	O
has	O
been	O
enhanced	O
to	O
dynamically	O
increase	O
and	O
decrease	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
virtual	O
processors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ability	O
to	O
run	O
on	O
an	O
IA-64	B-General_Concept
architecture	B-General_Concept
processor	O
,	O
although	O
this	O
never	O
went	O
beyond	O
beta	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CDE	B-Application
1.0	O
became	O
the	O
default	O
GUI	B-Application
environment	O
,	O
replacing	O
the	O
AIXwindows	O
Desktop	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Run	O
on	O
RS/6000	B-Device
systems	O
with	O
PowerPC	B-Architecture
processors	I-Architecture
and	O
PCI	B-Protocol
busses	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
LVM	O
(	O
Logical	B-Application
Volume	I-Application
Manager	I-Application
)	O
was	O
incorporated	O
into	O
OSF/1	B-Operating_System
,	O
and	O
in	O
1995	O
for	O
HP-UX	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
Linux	B-Application
LVM	O
implementation	O
is	O
similar	O
to	O
the	O
HP-UX	O
LVM	O
implementation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SMIT	B-Device
was	O
introduced	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
default	O
shell	O
was	O
Bourne	B-Device
shell	I-Device
up	O
to	O
AIX	B-Application
version	O
3	O
,	O
but	O
was	O
changed	O
to	O
KornShell	B-Language
(	O
ksh88	B-Language
)	O
in	O
version	O
4	O
for	O
XPG4	O
and	O
POSIX	O
compliance	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Common	B-Application
Desktop	I-Application
Environment	I-Application
(	O
CDE	B-Application
)	O
is	O
AIX	B-Application
's	O
default	O
graphical	B-Application
user	I-Application
interface	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
part	O
of	O
Linux	B-Application
Affinity	O
and	O
the	O
free	O
AIX	B-Language
Toolbox	I-Language
for	I-Language
Linux	I-Language
Applications	I-Language
(	O
ATLA	O
)	O
,	O
open-source	O
KDE	B-Language
Plasma	I-Language
Workspaces	I-Language
and	O
GNOME	B-Application
desktop	I-Application
are	O
also	O
available	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SMIT	B-Device
is	O
the	O
System	B-Device
Management	I-Device
Interface	I-Device
Tool	I-Device
for	O
AIX	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
allows	O
a	O
user	O
to	O
navigate	O
a	O
menu	O
hierarchy	O
of	O
commands	O
,	O
rather	O
than	O
using	O
the	O
command	B-Application
line	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Invocation	O
is	O
typically	O
achieved	O
with	O
the	O
command	O
smit	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Experienced	O
system	O
administrators	O
make	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
F6	O
function	O
key	O
which	O
generates	O
the	O
command	B-Application
line	I-Application
that	O
SMIT	B-Device
will	O
invoke	O
to	O
complete	O
it	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SMIT	B-Device
also	O
generates	O
a	O
log	O
of	O
commands	O
that	O
are	O
performed	O
in	O
the	O
smit.script	O
file	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
smit.script	O
file	O
automatically	O
records	O
the	O
commands	O
with	O
the	O
command	O
flags	O
and	O
parameters	O
used	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
smit.script	O
file	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
an	O
executable	O
shell	B-Language
script	I-Language
to	O
rerun	O
system	O
configuration	O
tasks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SMIT	B-Device
also	O
creates	O
the	O
smit.log	O
file	O
,	O
which	O
contains	O
additional	O
detailed	O
information	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
by	O
programmers	O
in	O
extending	O
the	O
SMIT	B-Device
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
smit	B-Device
and	O
smitty	O
refer	O
to	O
the	O
same	O
program	O
,	O
though	O
smitty	O
invokes	O
the	O
text-based	O
version	O
,	O
while	O
smit	B-Device
will	O
invoke	O
an	O
X	B-Operating_System
Window	I-Operating_System
System	I-Operating_System
based	O
interface	O
if	O
possible	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
if	O
smit	B-Device
determines	O
that	O
X	B-Operating_System
Window	I-Operating_System
System	I-Operating_System
capabilities	O
are	O
not	O
present	O
,	O
it	O
will	O
present	O
the	O
text-based	O
version	O
instead	O
of	O
failing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Determination	O
of	O
X	B-Operating_System
Window	I-Operating_System
System	I-Operating_System
capabilities	O
is	O
typically	O
performed	O
by	O
checking	O
for	O
the	O
existence	O
of	O
the	O
DISPLAY	O
variable	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Object	O
Data	O
Manager	O
(	O
ODM	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
database	O
of	O
system	O
information	O
integrated	O
into	O
AIX	B-Application
,	O
analogous	O
to	O
the	O
registry	B-Protocol
in	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
good	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
ODM	O
is	O
essential	O
for	O
managing	O
AIX	B-Application
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Data	O
managed	O
in	O
ODM	O
is	O
stored	O
and	O
maintained	O
as	O
objects	O
with	O
associated	O
attributes	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Interaction	O
with	O
ODM	O
is	O
possible	O
via	O
application	B-Application
programming	I-Application
interface	I-Application
(	O
API	B-Application
)	O
library	B-Library
for	O
programs	O
,	O
and	O
command-line	B-Application
utilities	O
such	O
as	O
odmshow	O
,	O
odmget	O
,	O
odmadd	O
,	O
odmchange	O
and	O
odmdelete	O
for	O
shell	B-Language
scripts	I-Language
and	O
users	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SMIT	B-Device
and	O
its	O
associated	O
AIX	B-Application
commands	O
can	O
also	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
query	O
and	O
modify	O
information	O
in	O
the	O
ODM	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ODM	O
is	O
stored	O
on	O
disk	O
using	O
Berkeley	B-Language
DB	I-Language
files	O
.	O
</s>
