<s>
IBM	B-Device
8514	I-Device
is	O
a	O
graphics	B-Device
card	I-Device
manufactured	O
by	O
IBM	O
and	O
introduced	O
with	O
the	O
IBM	B-Device
PS/2	I-Device
line	O
of	O
personal	O
computers	O
in	O
1987	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
supports	O
a	O
display	B-General_Concept
resolution	I-General_Concept
of	O
pixels	B-Algorithm
with	O
256	O
colors	O
at	O
43.5Hz	O
(	O
interlaced	O
)	O
,	O
or	O
at	O
60Hz	O
(	O
non-interlaced	B-Device
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
8514	B-Device
usually	O
refers	O
to	O
the	O
display	B-Architecture
controller	I-Architecture
hardware	O
(	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
8514/A	B-Device
display	B-Device
adapter	I-Device
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
IBM	O
sold	O
the	O
companion	O
CRT	B-Device
monitor	I-Device
(	O
for	O
use	O
with	O
the	O
8514/A	B-Device
)	O
which	O
carries	O
the	O
same	O
designation	O
,	O
8514	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
8514	B-Device
uses	O
a	O
standardised	O
programming	B-General_Concept
interface	I-General_Concept
called	O
the	O
"	O
Adapter	O
Interface	O
"	O
or	O
AI	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
interface	O
is	O
also	O
used	O
by	O
XGA	B-Device
,	O
IBM	B-Device
Image	I-Device
Adapter/A	I-Device
,	O
and	O
clones	B-General_Concept
of	O
the	O
8514/A	B-Device
and	O
XGA	B-Device
such	O
as	O
the	O
ATI	O
Technologies	O
Mach	O
32	O
and	O
IIT	O
AGX	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
interface	O
allows	O
computer	O
software	O
to	O
offload	O
common	O
2D-drawing	O
operations	O
(	O
line-draw	B-Algorithm
,	O
color-fill	O
,	O
and	O
block	O
copies	O
via	O
a	O
blitter	B-General_Concept
)	O
onto	O
the	O
8514	B-Device
hardware	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
frees	O
the	O
host	O
CPU	B-General_Concept
for	O
other	O
tasks	O
,	O
and	O
greatly	O
improves	O
the	O
speed	O
of	O
redrawing	O
a	O
graphics	O
visual	O
(	O
such	O
as	O
a	O
pie-chart	B-Application
or	O
CAD-illustration	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
8514	B-Device
initially	O
sold	O
for	O
for	O
the	O
adapter	O
and	O
for	O
the	O
512KB	O
memory	O
expansion	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
8514/A	B-Device
required	O
a	O
Micro	B-Device
Channel	I-Device
architecture	I-Device
bus	O
at	O
a	O
time	O
when	O
ISA	B-Architecture
systems	O
were	O
standard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
8514	B-Device
was	O
introduced	O
with	O
the	O
IBM	B-Device
PS/2	I-Device
computers	O
in	O
April	O
1987	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
an	O
optional	O
upgrade	O
to	O
the	O
Micro	B-Device
Channel	I-Device
architecture	I-Device
based	O
PS/2	B-Device
'	O
s	O
Video	B-Protocol
Graphics	I-Protocol
Array	I-Protocol
(	O
VGA	B-Protocol
)	O
,	O
and	O
was	O
delivered	O
within	O
three	O
months	O
of	O
PS/2	B-Device
'	O
s	O
introduction	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
not	O
the	O
first	O
PC	O
video	B-Device
card	I-Device
to	O
support	O
hardware	B-General_Concept
acceleration	I-General_Concept
,	O
IBM	O
's	O
8514	B-Device
is	O
often	O
credited	O
as	O
the	O
first	O
PC	O
mass-market	O
fixed-function	O
accelerator	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Up	O
until	O
the	O
8514	B-Device
's	O
introduction	O
,	O
PC	O
graphics	B-Architecture
acceleration	I-Architecture
was	O
relegated	O
to	O
expensive	O
workstation-class	O
,	O
graphics	B-Architecture
coprocessor	I-Architecture
boards	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Coprocessor	B-General_Concept
boards	O
(	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
TARGA	O
Truevision	O
series	O
)	O
were	O
designed	O
around	O
special	O
CPU	B-General_Concept
or	O
digital	B-Architecture
signal	I-Architecture
processor	I-Architecture
chips	O
which	O
were	O
programmable	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Fixed-function	O
accelerators	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
8514	B-Device
,	O
sacrificed	O
programmability	O
for	O
better	O
cost/performance	O
ratio	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Later	O
compatible	O
8514	B-Device
boards	O
were	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
Texas	O
Instruments	O
TMS34010	B-General_Concept
chip	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Even	O
though	O
the	O
8514	B-Device
was	O
not	O
a	O
best-seller	O
,	O
it	O
created	O
a	O
market	O
for	O
fixed-function	O
PC	O
graphics	B-Architecture
accelerators	I-Architecture
which	O
grew	O
exponentially	O
in	O
the	O
early	O
1990s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ATI	B-Device
Mach	I-Device
8	O
and	O
Mach	O
32	O
chips	O
were	O
popular	O
clones	B-General_Concept
,	O
and	O
several	O
companies	O
(	O
notably	O
S3	O
)	O
designed	O
graphics	B-Architecture
accelerator	I-Architecture
chips	O
which	O
were	O
not	O
register	O
compatible	O
but	O
were	O
conceptually	O
very	O
similar	O
to	O
the	O
8514/A	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
8514	B-Device
was	O
superseded	O
by	O
IBM	O
XGA	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
VESA	O
Group	O
introduced	O
a	O
common	O
standardized	O
way	O
to	O
access	O
features	O
like	O
hardware	O
cursors	O
,	O
Bit	B-Algorithm
Block	I-Algorithm
transfers	I-Algorithm
(	O
Bit	B-Algorithm
Blt	I-Algorithm
)	O
,	O
off	O
screen	O
sprites	O
,	O
hardware	O
panning	O
,	O
drawing	O
and	O
other	O
functions	O
with	O
VBE/accelerator	O
functions	O
(	O
VBE/AF	O
)	O
in	O
August	O
1996	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
8514	B-Device
offered	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Latter	O
clone	B-General_Concept
board	O
offered	O
additional	O
resolutions	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
late	O
1980s	O
,	O
several	O
companies	O
cloned	O
the	O
8514/A	B-Device
often	O
for	O
the	O
ISA	B-Architecture
bus	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
Notable	O
among	O
those	O
was	O
Western	O
Digital	O
Imaging	O
's	O
PWGA-1	O
(	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
the	O
WD9500	O
chip	O
set	O
)	O
,	O
the	O
Chips	O
&	O
Technologies	O
82C480	O
,	O
and	O
ATI	O
's	O
Mach8	B-Device
and	O
later	O
Mach32	O
chips	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
one	O
way	O
or	O
another	O
,	O
the	O
clones	B-General_Concept
were	O
all	O
better	O
than	O
the	O
original	O
with	O
more	O
speed	O
,	O
enhanced	O
drawing	O
functionality	O
and	O
overall	O
improved	O
video	O
mode	O
selections	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Clone	B-General_Concept
support	O
for	O
non-interlaced	B-Device
modes	O
at	O
resolutions	O
like	O
800×600	B-General_Concept
and	O
1280×1024	O
was	O
typical	O
,	O
and	O
all	O
clones	B-General_Concept
had	O
longer	O
command	O
queues	O
for	O
increased	O
performance	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
IIT	O
AGX	O
and	O
Tseng	B-General_Concept
Labs	I-General_Concept
ET4000	I-General_Concept
are	O
also	O
referenced	O
as	O
being	O
IBM	B-Device
8514	I-Device
compatible	O
.	O
</s>
