<s>
A	O
hydrogen	O
–	O
bromine	O
battery	O
is	O
a	O
rechargeable	O
flow	B-Algorithm
battery	I-Algorithm
in	O
which	O
hydrogen	O
bromide	O
(	O
HBr	O
)	O
serves	O
as	O
the	O
system	O
’s	O
electrolyte	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Additional	O
advantages	O
include	O
the	O
use	O
on	O
inexpensive	O
membranes	O
and	O
high	O
power	O
density	O
relative	O
to	O
other	O
flow	B-Algorithm
batteries	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
such	O
battery	O
pumped	O
bromine	O
over	O
a	O
graphite	B-Application
cathode	O
and	O
hydrobromic	O
acid	O
under	O
a	O
porous	O
anode	O
,	O
along	O
with	O
hydrogen	O
gas	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HBr	O
redox	B-Algorithm
flow	I-Algorithm
batteries	I-Algorithm
are	O
optimal	O
for	O
applications	O
that	O
require	O
daily	O
discharge	O
cycles	O
for	O
long	O
duration	O
discharge	O
periods	O
(	O
i.e.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
the	O
production	O
of	O
a	O
HBr	O
redox	B-Algorithm
flow	I-Algorithm
battery	I-Algorithm
no	O
rare	O
metals	O
like	O
lithium	B-Language
or	O
cobalt	B-Algorithm
are	O
required	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
hydrogen	O
electrode	O
requires	O
a	O
precious	O
metal	O
catalyst	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Moreover	O
,	O
the	O
energy	O
density	O
of	O
the	O
system	O
is	O
generally	O
higher	O
than	O
other	O
redox	B-Algorithm
flow	I-Algorithm
battery	I-Algorithm
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Among	O
the	O
disadvantages	O
of	O
a	O
H2-Br2	O
flow	B-Algorithm
battery	I-Algorithm
are	O
low	O
energy	O
density	O
(	O
less	O
than	O
that	O
of	O
lithium-ion	O
batteries	O
)	O
and	O
a	O
complex	O
balance	O
of	O
plant	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
drawbacks	O
prevent	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
H2-Br2	O
flow	B-Algorithm
batteries	I-Algorithm
in	O
transportation	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
next	O
stage	O
in	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
hydrogen	O
–	O
bromine	O
flow	B-Algorithm
battery	I-Algorithm
is	O
hydrogen	O
–	O
bromate	O
flow	B-Algorithm
battery	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
