<s>
Hybrid	B-Device
Broadcast	I-Device
Broadband	I-Device
TV	I-Device
(	O
HbbTV	B-Device
)	O
is	O
both	O
an	O
industry	O
standard	O
(	O
European	O
Telecommunications	O
Standards	O
Institute	O
(	O
ETSI	O
)	O
TS	O
102	O
796	O
)	O
and	O
promotional	O
initiative	O
for	O
hybrid	B-Device
digital	I-Device
TV	I-Device
to	O
harmonise	O
the	O
broadcast	B-Operating_System
,	O
Internet	O
Protocol	O
Television	O
(	O
IPTV	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
broadband	O
delivery	O
of	O
entertainment	O
to	O
the	O
end	O
consumer	O
through	O
connected	B-Device
TVs	I-Device
(	O
smart	B-Device
TVs	I-Device
)	O
and	O
set-top	O
boxes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
HbbTV	B-Device
Association	O
,	O
comprising	O
digital	O
broadcasting	O
and	O
Internet	O
industry	O
companies	O
,	O
has	O
established	O
a	O
standard	O
for	O
the	O
delivery	O
of	O
broadcast	B-Operating_System
TV	O
and	O
broadband	O
TV	O
to	O
the	O
home	O
,	O
through	O
a	O
single	O
user	B-Application
interface	I-Application
,	O
creating	O
an	O
open	O
platform	O
as	O
an	O
alternative	O
to	O
proprietary	O
technologies	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Products	O
and	O
services	O
using	O
the	O
HbbTV	B-Device
standard	O
can	O
operate	O
over	O
different	O
broadcasting	O
technologies	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
satellite	B-Application
,	O
cable	O
,	O
or	O
terrestrial	O
networks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HbbTV	B-Device
can	O
show	O
digital	B-Application
television	I-Application
content	O
from	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
different	O
sources	O
including	O
traditional	O
broadcast	B-Operating_System
TV	O
,	O
Internet	O
,	O
and	O
connected	O
devices	O
in	O
the	O
home	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
watch	O
hybrid	B-Device
digital	I-Device
TV	I-Device
,	O
consumers	O
will	O
need	O
a	O
hybrid	B-Device
IPTV	I-Device
set-top	I-Device
box	I-Device
with	O
a	O
range	O
of	O
input	O
connectors	O
,	O
including	O
Ethernet	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
at	O
least	O
one	O
tuner	O
for	O
receiving	O
broadcast	B-Operating_System
TV	O
signals	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
tuner	O
in	O
a	O
hybrid	O
set-top	O
box	O
can	O
be	O
digital	B-Application
terrestrial	I-Application
television	I-Application
(	O
DVB-T	O
,	O
DVB-T2	B-Protocol
)	O
,	O
digital	B-Device
cable	I-Device
(	O
DVB-C	B-Device
,	O
DVB-C2	B-Device
)	O
and	O
digital	O
satellite	B-Application
(	O
DVB-S	O
,	O
DVB-S2	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
HbbTV	B-Device
Consortium	O
(	O
later	O
HbbTV	B-Device
Association	O
)	O
was	O
born	O
in	O
February	O
2009	O
from	O
the	O
French	O
H4TV	O
project	O
and	O
the	O
German	O
HTML	O
profil	O
project	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HbbTV	B-Device
was	O
first	O
demonstrated	O
in	O
2009	O
,	O
in	O
France	O
by	O
France	O
Télévisions	O
and	O
two	O
developers	O
of	O
Set	O
Top	O
Box	O
technologies	O
,	O
Inverto	O
Digital	O
Labs	O
of	O
Luxembourg	O
,	O
and	O
Pleyo	O
of	O
France	O
,	O
for	O
the	O
Roland	O
Garros	O
tennis	O
sport	O
event	O
on	O
a	O
DTT	O
transmission	O
and	O
an	O
IP	O
connection	O
and	O
in	O
Germany	O
using	O
the	O
Astra	O
satellite	B-Application
at	O
19.2	O
°	O
east	O
during	O
the	O
IFA	O
and	O
IBC	O
exhibitions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
May	O
2011	O
,	O
in	O
an	O
email	O
sent	O
on	O
behalf	O
of	O
the	O
HbbTV	B-Device
Consortium	O
steering	O
group	O
,	O
supporters	O
of	O
the	O
consortium	O
were	O
invited	O
to	O
become	O
full	O
members	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
June	O
2014	O
,	O
the	O
HbbTV	B-Device
Association	O
merged	O
with	O
the	O
Open	O
IPTV	O
Forum	O
,	O
a	O
similar	O
industry	O
organisation	O
for	O
end-to-end	O
Internet	O
Protocol	O
television	O
(	O
IPTV	O
)	O
services	O
formed	O
in	O
2007	O
,	O
which	O
worked	O
closely	O
with	O
the	O
HbbTV	B-Device
initiative	O
on	O
browser	O
and	O
media	O
specifications	O
for	O
network-connected	O
televisions	O
and	O
set-top	O
boxes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
two	O
initiatives	O
were	O
combined	O
under	O
the	O
HbbTV	B-Device
Association	O
's	O
banner	O
because	O
the	O
markets	O
for	O
IPTV	O
,	O
OTT	O
and	O
hybrid	O
broadcast	B-Operating_System
and	O
broadband	O
TV	O
are	O
converging	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
September	O
2016	O
it	O
was	O
announced	O
that	O
the	O
Smart	B-Device
TV	I-Device
Alliance	O
,	O
founded	O
in	O
2012	O
by	O
LG	O
Electronics	O
,	O
Panasonic	O
,	O
Toshiba	O
and	O
TP	O
Vision	O
,	O
was	O
to	O
merge	O
with	O
HbbTV	B-Device
,	O
extending	O
the	O
scope	O
of	O
the	O
HbbTV	B-Device
specification	O
to	O
address	O
over-the-top	O
services	O
and	O
to	O
streamline	O
standards	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Services	O
delivered	O
through	O
HbbTV	B-Device
include	O
enhanced	O
teletext	O
,	O
catch-up	O
services	O
,	O
video-on-demand	B-Application
,	O
EPG	B-Device
,	O
interactive	O
advertising	O
,	O
personalisation	O
,	O
voting	O
,	O
games	O
,	O
social	O
networking	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
multimedia	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
the	O
May	O
2010	O
Broadcast	B-Operating_System
and	O
Beyond	O
Conference	O
in	O
London	O
,	O
Thomas	O
Wrede	O
,	O
VP	O
Product	O
Management	O
Media	O
at	O
SES	O
,	O
said	O
that	O
he	O
expected	O
HbbTV	B-Device
devices	O
to	O
be	O
launched	O
commercially	O
from	O
June	O
2010	O
with	O
a	O
consumer	O
market	O
introduction	O
at	O
the	O
IFA	O
consumer	O
electronics	O
trade	O
fair	O
in	O
Berlin	O
in	O
September	O
2010	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Wrede	O
also	O
noted	O
that	O
Humax	O
and	O
Videoweb	O
both	O
had	O
conformant	O
products	O
and	O
that	O
at	O
the	O
recent	O
ANGA	O
Cable	O
trade	O
fair	O
in	O
Cologne	O
,	O
12	O
manufacturers	O
exhibited	O
HbbTV	B-Device
devices	O
,	O
with	O
another	O
six	O
working	O
on	O
product	O
introduction	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
March	O
2019	O
Panasonic	O
launched	O
the	O
first	O
commercial	O
deployment	O
of	O
the	O
HbbTV	B-Device
'	O
OpApp	O
 '	O
operator	O
App	O
enabling	O
Panasonic	O
2019	O
smart	B-Device
TVs	I-Device
to	O
receive	O
services	O
from	O
the	O
high-definition	B-Device
satellite	B-Application
television	O
platform	O
for	O
German-speaking	O
users	O
,	O
HD+	O
without	O
the	O
set-top	O
box	O
,	O
CI	O
module	O
or	O
smartcard	O
previously	O
required	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
the	O
app	O
,	O
the	O
TV	O
is	O
only	O
required	O
to	O
be	O
connected	O
to	O
a	O
satellite	B-Application
dish	O
pointing	O
at	O
Astra	O
19.2	O
°E	O
and	O
to	O
the	O
internet	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Two	O
weeks	O
after	O
Panasonic	O
's	O
introduction	O
of	O
the	O
app	O
,	O
Samsung	B-Application
also	O
offered	O
the	O
app	O
's	O
integrated	O
access	O
to	O
HD+	O
on	O
its	O
2019	O
TVs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
OpApp	O
acts	O
like	O
a	O
virtual	O
set-top	O
box	O
inside	O
the	O
smart	B-Device
TV	I-Device
so	O
platform	O
operators	O
can	O
provide	O
a	O
branded	O
,	O
uniform	O
interface	O
across	O
different	O
manufacturers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HbbTV	B-Device
devices	O
enable	O
consumers	O
to	O
view	O
all	O
of	O
these	O
advanced	O
services	O
on	O
their	O
TV	O
,	O
via	O
a	O
single	O
device	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
to	O
a	O
broader	O
range	O
of	O
content	O
from	O
TV	O
providers	O
–	O
ranging	O
from	O
traditional	O
broadcast	B-Operating_System
TV	O
,	O
video	B-Application
on-demand	I-Application
and	O
catch-up	O
TV	O
services	O
,	O
like	O
BBC	B-Application
iPlayer	I-Application
–	O
hybrid	B-Device
digital	I-Device
TV	I-Device
also	O
provides	O
consumers	O
with	O
access	O
to	O
user-generated	O
content	O
either	O
stored	O
on	O
an	O
external	O
hard	B-Device
drive	I-Device
,	O
or	O
cloud	O
storage	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
a	O
range	O
of	O
advanced	O
interactive	O
services	O
and	O
Internet	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
2010	O
IPTV	O
World	O
Forum	O
Awards	O
recognized	O
a	O
hybrid	O
solution	O
as	O
the	O
best	O
interactive	O
TV	O
service/application	O
:	O
the	O
solution	O
,	O
developed	O
by	O
Advanced	O
Digital	O
Broadcast	B-Operating_System
,	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
three-way	O
hybrid	O
platform	O
that	O
enables	O
content	O
delivered	O
via	O
satellite	B-Application
,	O
terrestrial	O
and	O
Ethernet	O
networks	O
to	O
be	O
viewed	O
on	O
a	O
television	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
HbbTV	B-Device
consortium	O
has	O
over	O
75	O
supporting	O
members	O
from	O
the	O
CE	O
and	O
Broadcast	B-Operating_System
industries	O
,	O
including	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
HbbTV	B-Device
Association	O
steering	O
group	O
currently	O
comprises	O
representatives	O
from	O
:	O
BBC	O
,	O
Cellnex	O
Telecom	O
,	O
Deutsche	O
Telekom	O
,	O
EBU	O
,	O
Eurofins	O
Digital	O
,	O
LG	O
,	O
Panasonic	O
,	O
RAI	O
,	O
Reti	O
Televisive	O
Italiane	O
,	O
RTL	O
Group	O
,	O
Salto	O
,	O
Samsung	B-Application
,	O
Sony	O
,	O
Tivù	O
Sat	O
,	O
TP	O
Vision	O
and	O
Vewd	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
well	O
as	O
helping	O
consumers/viewers	O
,	O
the	O
introduction	O
of	O
the	O
HbbTV	B-Device
standard	O
is	O
of	O
benefit	O
to	O
both	O
equipment	O
manufacturers	O
and	O
content	O
providers	O
who	O
at	O
the	O
moment	O
have	O
to	O
produce	O
hardware	O
or	O
content	O
specific	O
to	O
each	O
country	O
to	O
meet	O
the	O
de	O
facto	O
standard	O
in	O
that	O
country	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
establishment	O
of	O
a	O
unified	O
European	O
HbbTV	B-Device
standard	O
means	O
"	O
content	O
owners	O
and	O
application	O
developers	O
can	O
write	O
once	O
and	O
deploy	O
to	O
many	O
countries	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
HbbTV	B-Device
specification	O
was	O
developed	O
by	O
industry	O
members	O
of	O
the	O
consortium	O
and	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
elements	O
of	O
existing	O
standards	O
and	O
web	O
technologies	O
including	O
the	O
Open	O
IPTV	O
Forum	O
,	O
CEA	O
,	O
DVB	B-Application
,	O
and	O
W3C	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
European	O
Broadcasting	O
Union	O
General	O
Assembly	O
has	O
given	O
its	O
support	O
to	O
the	O
HbbTV	B-Device
initiative	O
and	O
described	O
the	O
technology	O
as	O
"	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
exciting	O
developments	O
in	O
the	O
media	O
today	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
is	O
an	O
accompanying	O
Test	O
Suite	O
that	O
provides	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
test	O
material	O
to	O
test	O
HbbTV	B-Device
device	O
implementations	O
,	O
suitable	O
for	O
manufacturers	O
of	O
devices	O
,	O
including	O
software	O
and	O
hardware	O
components	O
that	O
implement	O
the	O
HbbTV	B-Device
specification	O
(	O
ETSI	O
TS	O
102	O
796	O
v1.1.1	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
applications	O
for	O
HbbTV	B-Device
are	O
HTML-based	O
,	O
making	O
use	O
of	O
HTML5	B-Application
and	O
the	O
CE-HTML	B-General_Concept
user	B-Application
interface	I-Application
language	O
,	O
but	O
utilise	O
only	O
a	O
sub-set	O
of	O
standard	O
web	O
standards	O
,	O
developers	O
have	O
to	O
use	O
specialist	O
validation	O
tools	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
September	O
2017	O
the	O
HbbTV	B-Device
Association	O
announced	O
the	O
publication	O
of	O
its	O
IPTV	O
specification	O
by	O
ETSI	O
as	O
TS	O
103	O
555	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
specification	O
builds	O
on	O
HbbTV	B-Device
2.0	O
and	O
defines	O
how	O
audio-visual	O
content	O
delivered	O
by	O
an	O
IPTV	O
service	O
can	O
be	O
presented	O
on	O
HbbTV	B-Device
terminals	O
(	O
such	O
as	O
set-top	O
boxes	O
and	O
televisions	O
)	O
-	O
both	O
hybrid	O
terminals	O
with	O
an	O
IP	O
connection	O
and	O
an	O
RF-based	O
broadcast	B-Operating_System
connection	O
,	O
and	O
pure	O
IPTV	O
terminals	O
with	O
only	O
an	O
IP	O
connection	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
next	O
incremental	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
standard	O
(	O
HbbTV	B-Device
2.0.1	O
)	O
included	O
functionality	O
from	O
the	O
MHEG-5	O
interactive	O
middleware	O
platform	O
used	O
for	O
digital	B-Application
terrestrial	I-Application
TV	I-Application
in	O
the	O
UK	O
,	O
to	O
facilitate	O
the	O
transition	O
from	O
MHEG-5	O
to	O
HbbTV	B-Device
as	O
the	O
mandated	O
system	O
in	O
the	O
UK	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HbbTV	B-Device
2.0.2	O
enables	O
support	O
for	O
HDR	B-Application
and	O
HFR	O
video	O
and	O
next	O
generation	O
(	O
AC-4	B-Algorithm
and	O
MPEG-H	O
)	O
audio	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HbbTV	B-Device
edition	O
ETSI	O
editionHbbTV	O
specifications	O
HbbTV.org	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Several	O
countries	O
,	O
particularly	O
in	O
Europe	O
,	O
have	O
adopted	O
the	O
HbbTV	B-Device
standard	O
and/or	O
operated	O
HbbTV	B-Device
services	O
and	O
trials	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
December	O
2011	O
,	O
HbbTV	B-Device
services	O
were	O
in	O
regular	O
operation	O
in	O
France	O
,	O
Germany	O
and	O
Spain	O
,	O
with	O
announcements	O
of	O
adoption	O
in	O
Austria	O
,	O
Czech	O
Republic	O
,	O
Slovakia	O
,	O
Denmark	O
,	O
Netherlands	O
,	O
Poland	O
,	O
Switzerland	O
,	O
Turkey	O
,	O
and	O
trials	O
in	O
Australia	O
,	O
China	O
,	O
Japan	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
October	O
2015	O
,	O
27	O
countries	O
have	O
launched	O
HbbTV	B-Device
services	O
with	O
the	O
most	O
recent	O
being	O
the	O
UK	O
,	O
New	O
Zealand	O
,	O
Senegal	O
,	O
Namibia	O
,	O
Bosnia	O
and	O
Estonia	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
October	O
2014	O
,	O
the	O
HbbTV	B-Device
Association	O
announced	O
that	O
over	O
20	O
countries	O
had	O
launched	O
HbbTV	B-Device
services	O
with	O
Italy	O
and	O
Saudi	O
being	O
the	O
most	O
recent	O
to	O
launch	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
Estonia	O
HbbTV	B-Device
was	O
adopted	O
on	O
March	O
10	O
,	O
2015	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
Finland	O
the	O
national	O
HDTV	B-Device
Forum	O
has	O
adopted	O
the	O
NorDig	O
Unified	O
Specification	O
for	O
Hybrid	O
Services	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
members	O
of	O
HDTV	B-Device
Forum	O
see	O
the	O
HbbTV	B-Device
specification	O
having	O
a	O
wide	O
market	O
acceptance	O
supporting	O
wide	O
range	O
of	O
TV	O
applications	O
and	O
new	O
hybrid	O
services	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HbbTV	B-Device
services	O
have	O
been	O
on	O
air	O
in	O
Finland	O
since	O
March	O
2013	O
in	O
the	O
nationwide	O
terrestrial	O
TV	O
network	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Several	O
broadcasters	O
in	O
Finland	O
use	O
the	O
HbbTV	B-Device
platform	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
France	O
,	O
the	O
government-owned	O
public	O
broadcaster	O
,	O
France	O
Télévisions	O
selected	O
HbbTV	B-Device
for	O
its	O
interactive	O
news	O
,	O
sports	O
and	O
weather	O
service	O
,	O
and	O
plans	O
to	O
add	O
catch-up	O
TV	O
and	O
social	O
media	O
sharing	O
capability	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
International	O
French	O
news	O
channel	O
France	O
24	O
has	O
announced	O
that	O
it	O
will	O
launch	O
an	O
HbbTV	B-Device
interactive	O
news	O
service	O
in	O
2012	O
via	O
the	O
Astra	O
19.2	O
°E	O
satellites	B-Application
,	O
with	O
support	O
from	O
Orange	O
and	O
SES	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2010	O
German	O
broadcaster	O
RTL	O
Television	O
introduced	O
a	O
new	O
information	O
service	O
,	O
HD	O
Text	O
,	O
making	O
use	O
of	O
HbbTV	B-Device
and	O
the	O
CE-HTML	B-General_Concept
user	B-Application
interface	I-Application
language	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
2012	O
launched	O
an	O
online	O
music	O
video	O
service	O
(	O
Clipfish	O
Music	O
)	O
on	O
its	O
HbbTV	B-Device
portal	O
allowing	O
access	O
to	O
TV	O
viewers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
February	O
2020	O
,	O
German	O
public	O
broadcaster	O
ARD	O
launched	O
Replay	O
TV	O
,	O
offering	O
viewers	O
the	O
option	O
of	O
restarting	O
a	O
running	O
programme	O
,	O
via	O
HbbTV	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
function	O
is	O
available	O
on	O
all	O
smart	B-Device
TVs	I-Device
and	O
set-top	O
boxes	O
with	O
the	O
HbbTV	B-Device
2.0.1	O
standard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
Greece	O
HbbTV	B-Device
was	O
adopted	O
in	O
November	O
,	O
2016	O
by	O
Cosmote	O
TV	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Italy	O
had	O
launched	O
HbbTV	B-Device
services	O
by	O
October	O
2014	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
June	O
2019	O
,	O
the	O
Lithuanian	O
Radio	O
and	O
Television	O
Centre	O
launched	O
a	O
Lithuania	O
nationwide	O
HbbTV	B-Device
broadcasting	O
service	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
August	O
2019	O
,	O
Montenegrin	O
service	O
provider	O
M:TEL	O
created	O
HbbTV	B-Device
portal	O
for	O
RTCG	O
state	O
TV	O
and	O
MTEL	O
HbbTV	B-Device
portal	O
for	O
all	O
other	O
channels	O
distributed	O
within	O
its	O
cable	O
DVB-C	B-Device
network	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2011	O
the	O
Dutch	O
national	O
public	O
networks	O
,	O
NPO	O
1	O
,	O
2	O
,	O
and	O
3	O
began	O
broadcasting	O
HbbTV	B-Device
"	O
red	O
button	O
"	O
applications	O
including	O
a	O
program	B-Device
guide	I-Device
and	O
catch-up	O
TV	O
instead	O
of	O
developing	O
separate	O
apps	O
for	O
particular	O
platforms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
Nordic	O
region	O
(	O
Denmark	O
,	O
Finland	O
,	O
Iceland	O
,	O
Norway	O
,	O
Sweden	O
,	O
and	O
Ireland	O
)	O
the	O
NorDig	O
standardization	O
forum	O
has	O
adopted	O
the	O
HbbTV	B-Device
specification	O
which	O
replaces	O
DVB-MHP	O
as	O
the	O
common	O
API	O
for	O
hybrid	O
digital	O
receivers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
tests	O
of	O
HbbTV	B-Device
services	O
in	O
Poland	O
were	O
started	O
by	O
TVN	O
in	O
March	O
2012	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
November	O
2011	O
Spain	O
's	O
Ministry	O
of	O
Industry	O
approved	O
a	O
document	O
signed	O
by	O
54	O
companies	O
adopting	O
the	O
HbbTV	B-Device
standard	O
and	O
broadcasters	O
,	O
Mediaset	O
España	O
,	O
Canal+	O
and	O
Telefónica	O
have	O
run	O
pilot	O
services	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
a	O
joint	O
venture	O
of	O
RTVE	O
,	O
Atresmedia	O
and	O
Mediaset	O
España	O
,	O
offering	O
catch-up	O
services	O
based	O
on	O
a	O
HbbTV	B-Device
standard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
Switzerland	O
the	O
first	O
HbbTV	B-Device
service	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
called	O
RTS+	O
,	O
was	O
launched	O
on	O
March	O
5	O
,	O
2013	O
,	O
on	O
SRG	O
SSR	O
French	O
speaking	O
channels	O
RTSun	O
HD	O
and	O
RTSdeux	O
HD	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Turkish	O
Radio	O
and	O
Television	O
Corporation	O
launched	O
its	O
HbbTV	B-Device
app	O
,	O
TRT	O
Plus	O
(	O
)	O
,	O
in	O
2014	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
Turkey	O
,	O
FOX	O
TV	O
and	O
Kanal7	O
launched	O
its	O
HbbTV	B-Device
EPG	B-Device
app	O
(	O
Fox'da	O
ne	O
var	O
?,	O
Kanal7	O
yayın	O
akisi	O
)	O
in	O
2016	O
and	O
2017	O
provided	O
by	O
Turkish	O
HBBTV	B-Device
company	O
Admongrel	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Service	O
was	O
deployed	O
with	O
help	O
of	O
Castoola	O
HbbTV	B-Device
platform	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
UK	O
,	O
the	O
Freeview	O
Play	O
platform	O
has	O
been	O
launched	O
implementing	O
an	O
HbbTV	B-Device
2.0	O
catch-up	O
service	O
on	O
DVB-T/T2	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Freesat	O
,	O
the	O
free-to-air	O
satellite	B-Application
TV	O
service	O
broadcast	B-Operating_System
via	O
Astra	O
28.2	O
°E	O
,	O
has	O
revealed	O
that	O
the	O
second	O
generation	O
"	O
G2	O
"	O
specification	O
for	O
Freesat	O
receivers	O
will	O
use	O
HbbTV	B-Device
,	O
to	O
take	O
advantage	O
of	O
the	O
digital	B-Application
TV	I-Application
chipsets	O
being	O
developed	O
for	O
that	O
standard	O
(	O
but	O
retaining	O
MHEG-5	O
compatibility	O
of	O
the	O
first	O
generation	O
Freesat	O
receivers	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
the	O
Digital	B-Application
TV	I-Application
Group	O
approved	O
D-book	B-Device
7	O
,	O
a	O
detailed	O
interoperability	O
specification	O
between	O
digital	B-Application
terrestrial	I-Application
television	I-Application
and	O
HbbTV-based	O
products	O
and	O
services	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
December	O
2017	O
,	O
the	O
BBC	O
launched	O
a	O
UK	O
nationwide	O
HbbTV	B-Device
broadcast	B-Operating_System
service	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
provides	O
users	O
the	O
opportunity	O
to	O
launch	O
connected	B-Device
TV	I-Device
applications	O
from	O
broadcast	B-Operating_System
as	O
well	O
as	O
offering	O
broadcast	B-Operating_System
TV	O
applications	O
for	O
radio	O
stations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Freeview	O
New	O
Zealand	O
launched	O
its	O
HbbTV	B-Device
platform	O
in	O
New	O
Zealand	O
in	O
July	O
2015	O
,	O
under	O
the	O
registered	O
trade	O
mark	O
name	O
"	O
FreeviewPlus	O
"	O
,	O
with	O
their	O
DVB-T	O
service	O
(	O
Freeview|HD	O
)	O
;	O
followed	O
by	O
an	O
extension	O
to	O
the	O
DVB-S	O
service	O
(	O
Freeview	O
Satellite	B-Application
)	O
in	O
April	O
2016	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
had	O
launched	O
HbbTV	B-Device
services	O
by	O
October	O
2014	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HbbTV	B-Device
is	O
being	O
reviewed	O
and	O
tested	O
,	O
with	O
interest	O
from	O
US	O
,	O
Argentina	O
,	O
Japan	O
,	O
China	O
(	O
which	O
is	O
conducting	O
a	O
trial	O
)	O
,	O
Malaysian	O
Broadcasters	O
(	O
where	O
DVB-T2	B-Protocol
broadcasting	O
will	O
soon	O
start	O
)	O
and	O
Singapore	O
(	O
where	O
Mediacorp	O
is	O
introducing	O
its	O
service	O
through	O
Toggle	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
also	O
in	O
Russia	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
the	O
beginning	O
of	O
2010	O
a	O
new	O
generation	O
of	O
advanced	O
HbbTV	B-Device
IPTV	O
set-top	O
box	O
has	O
emerged	O
in	O
the	O
UK	O
with	O
the	O
advent	O
of	O
DVB-T2	B-Protocol
services	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DVB-T2	B-Protocol
tuners	O
enable	O
the	O
reception	O
of	O
free-to-air	O
terrestrial	O
high-definition	B-Device
programmes	O
to	O
be	O
received	O
in	O
around	O
twelve	O
areas	O
of	O
the	O
UK	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
of	O
these	O
companies	O
have	O
launched	O
devices	O
that	O
,	O
in	O
addition	O
to	O
allowing	O
traditional	O
broadcast	B-Operating_System
and	O
IP-delivered	O
services	O
to	O
be	O
received	O
,	O
have	O
an	O
integrated	O
smart-card	O
slot	O
that	O
allows	O
consumers	O
to	O
receive	O
encrypted	O
premium	O
television	O
services	O
including	O
sports	O
and	O
movies	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Such	O
boxes	O
enable	O
the	O
aggregation	O
of	O
traditional	O
linear	O
TV	O
broadcasts	B-Operating_System
with	O
video	O
delivered	O
via	O
both	O
managed	O
(	O
cable	O
)	O
and	O
unmanaged	O
IP	B-Protocol
networks	I-Protocol
(	O
the	O
internet	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
allows	O
viewers	O
to	O
view	O
broadcast	B-Operating_System
television	O
and	O
internet	O
video	O
on	O
their	O
flat	O
screen	O
TVs	O
,	O
alongside	O
advanced	O
interactive	O
services	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
video	B-Application
on	I-Application
demand	I-Application
,	O
internet	O
browsing	O
,	O
and	O
time-shifted	B-Device
TV	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Opera	O
has	O
developed	O
an	O
HbbTV	B-Device
Emulator	O
,	O
available	O
for	O
free	O
on	O
their	O
website	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
is	O
a	O
free	O
,	O
cloud-based	O
tool	O
for	O
HbbTV	B-Device
app	O
conformance	O
validation	O
provided	O
by	O
(	O
formerly	O
Digital	B-Application
TV	I-Application
Labs	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
App	O
Validator	O
uses	O
static	O
analysis	O
to	O
check	O
for	O
simple	O
problems	O
and	O
use	O
of	O
non-standard	O
language	O
features	O
in	O
your	O
HbbTV	B-Device
app	O
's	O
XHTML	B-Language
,	O
JavaScript	B-Language
and	O
CSS	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
is	O
also	O
a	O
Firefox	O
add-on	O
,	O
,	O
as	O
a	O
free	O
HbbTV	B-Device
emulator	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OpenCaster	O
is	O
a	O
free	O
GPL	O
licensed	O
software	O
for	O
transport	O
stream	O
broadcasting	O
supporting	O
HbbTV	B-Device
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Rafael	O
Scheel	O
developed	O
a	O
Radio	O
Frequency-based	O
remote	O
exploit	O
using	O
HbbTV	B-Device
that	O
provides	O
root	O
access	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Academic	O
research	O
by	O
Columbia	O
University	O
has	O
revealed	O
possible	O
security	O
flaws	O
in	O
HbbTV	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
According	O
to	O
the	O
blog	O
of	O
Martin	O
Herfurt	O
(	O
referenced	O
in	O
the	O
Columbia	O
paper	O
)	O
,	O
the	O
HbbTV	B-Device
standard	O
allows	O
an	O
attacker	O
to	O
inject	O
malware	O
into	O
an	O
HbbTV-enabled	O
smart	B-Device
television	I-Device
that	O
can	O
cause	O
it	O
to	O
do	O
various	O
things	O
like	O
modifying	O
the	O
content	O
being	O
displayed	O
,	O
mining	O
Bitcoins	B-Protocol
,	O
or	O
attacking	O
other	O
devices	O
connected	O
to	O
the	O
network	O
that	O
the	O
television	O
is	O
connected	O
to	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
HbbTV	B-Device
Association	O
has	O
responded	O
to	O
the	O
reports	O
with	O
a	O
statement	O
"	O
HbbTV	B-Device
welcomes	O
and	O
appreciates	O
the	O
academic	O
research	O
on	O
security	O
threats	O
in	O
set-top	O
boxes	O
and	O
TVs	O
based	O
on	O
our	O
specifications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
HbbTV	B-Device
Association	O
continuously	O
reviews	O
such	O
situations	O
and	O
has	O
determined	O
that	O
there	O
is	O
limited	O
potential	O
for	O
a	O
security	O
breach	O
based	O
on	O
this	O
research	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Nevertheless	O
,	O
as	O
ever	O
,	O
our	O
upcoming	O
HbbTV	B-Device
specification	O
will	O
include	O
further	O
appropriate	O
security	O
solutions.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2013	O
researchers	O
from	O
TU	O
Darmstadt	O
found	O
widespread	O
non-consensual	O
use	O
of	O
web	O
analytics	O
technologies	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
third-party	O
cookies	O
,	O
in	O
HbbTV	B-Device
content	O
to	O
track	O
viewing	O
patterns	O
.	O
</s>
