<s>
Homebrew	B-Application
is	O
a	O
free	B-Application
and	O
open-source	B-Application
software	I-Application
package	B-Application
management	I-Application
system	I-Application
that	O
simplifies	O
the	O
installation	O
of	O
software	O
on	O
Apple	O
's	O
operating	O
system	O
,	O
macOS	B-Application
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
Linux	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Originally	O
written	O
by	O
Max	O
Howell	O
,	O
the	O
package	B-Application
manager	I-Application
has	O
gained	O
popularity	O
in	O
the	O
Ruby	B-Application
on	I-Application
Rails	I-Application
community	O
and	O
earned	O
praise	O
for	O
its	O
extensibility	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
Homebrew	B-Application
has	O
been	O
recommended	O
for	O
its	O
ease	O
of	O
use	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
its	O
integration	O
into	O
the	O
command-line	B-Application
interface	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Homebrew	B-Application
is	O
a	O
member	O
of	O
the	O
Open	O
Source	O
Collective	O
,	O
and	O
is	O
run	O
entirely	O
by	O
unpaid	O
volunteers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Homebrew	B-Application
has	O
made	O
extensive	O
use	O
of	O
GitHub	B-Application
to	O
expand	O
the	O
support	O
of	O
several	O
packages	O
through	O
user	O
contributions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2010	O
,	O
Homebrew	B-Application
was	O
the	O
third-most-forked	O
repository	O
on	O
GitHub	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2012	O
,	O
Homebrew	B-Application
had	O
the	O
largest	O
number	O
of	O
new	O
contributors	O
on	O
GitHub	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2013	O
,	O
Homebrew	B-Application
had	O
both	O
the	O
largest	O
number	O
of	O
contributors	O
and	O
issues	O
closed	O
of	O
any	O
project	O
on	O
GitHub	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Homebrew	B-Application
has	O
spawned	O
several	O
sub-projects	O
such	O
as	O
Linuxbrew	B-Application
,	O
a	O
Linux	B-Application
port	O
now	O
officially	O
merged	O
into	O
Homebrew	B-Application
;	O
Homebrew	B-Application
Cask	O
,	O
which	O
builds	O
upon	O
Homebrew	B-Application
and	O
focuses	O
on	O
the	O
installation	O
of	O
GUI	B-Application
applications	O
;	O
and	O
"	O
taps	O
"	O
dedicated	O
to	O
specific	O
areas	O
or	O
programming	O
languages	O
like	O
PHP	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Homebrew	B-Application
was	O
written	O
by	O
Max	O
Howell	O
in	O
2009	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
March	O
2013	O
,	O
Homebrew	B-Application
successfully	O
completed	O
a	O
Kickstarter	O
campaign	O
to	O
raise	O
funds	O
for	O
servers	O
to	O
test	O
and	O
build	O
formulae	O
and	O
managed	O
to	O
raise	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
December	O
13	O
,	O
2013	O
,	O
the	O
Homebrew	B-Application
repository	O
migrated	O
from	O
Howell	O
's	O
GitHub	B-Application
account	O
to	O
its	O
own	O
project	O
account	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
February	O
2015	O
,	O
due	O
to	O
downtime	O
at	O
SourceForge	B-Application
which	O
resulted	O
in	O
binaries	O
being	O
unavailable	O
,	O
Homebrew	B-Application
moved	O
their	O
hosting	O
to	O
Bintray	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
September	O
21	O
,	O
2016	O
,	O
Homebrew	B-Application
version	O
1.0.0	O
was	O
released	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
February	O
2021	O
,	O
Homebrew	B-Application
is	O
maintained	O
by	O
a	O
team	O
of	O
34	O
people	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
January	O
2019	O
,	O
Linuxbrew	B-Application
was	O
merged	O
back	O
into	O
Homebrew	B-Application
,	O
adding	O
beta	O
support	O
for	O
Linux	B-Application
and	O
the	O
Windows	O
Subsystem	O
for	O
Linux	B-Application
to	O
the	O
Homebrew	B-Application
feature	O
set	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
February	O
2	O
,	O
2019	O
,	O
Homebrew	B-Application
version	O
2.0.0	O
was	O
released	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
September	O
21	O
,	O
2020	O
,	O
Homebrew	B-Application
version	O
2.5.2	O
was	O
released	O
with	O
support	O
for	O
bottle	O
taps	O
(	O
binary	O
package	O
repositories	O
)	O
via	O
GitHub	B-Application
Releases	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Version	O
3.0.0	O
was	O
released	O
almost	O
exactly	O
two	O
years	O
after	O
2.0.0	O
,	O
on	O
February	O
5	O
,	O
2021	O
,	O
and	O
added	O
official	O
support	O
for	O
Macs	O
with	O
Apple	B-Device
silicon	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
April	O
12	O
,	O
2021	O
,	O
Homebrew	B-Application
version	O
3.1.0	O
was	O
released	O
completing	O
their	O
migration	O
of	O
bottles	O
(	O
binary	O
packages	O
)	O
to	O
GitHub	B-Application
Packages	O
before	O
the	O
May	O
1	O
,	O
2021	O
shutdown	O
of	O
Bintray	O
as	O
previously	O
announced	O
by	O
JFrog	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Homebrew	B-Application
is	O
written	O
in	O
the	O
Ruby	B-Language
programming	I-Language
language	I-Language
and	O
targets	O
the	O
version	O
of	O
Ruby	B-Language
that	O
comes	O
installed	O
with	O
the	O
macOS	B-Application
operating	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
default	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
installed	O
into	O
/usr/local	O
on	O
Intel-based	O
machines	O
and	O
/opt/homebrew	O
on	O
Apple	B-Device
silicon	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
installation	O
consists	O
of	O
a	O
git	B-Application
repository	O
that	O
allows	O
users	O
to	O
update	O
Homebrew	B-Application
by	O
pulling	O
an	O
updated	O
repository	O
from	O
GitHub	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
package	B-Application
manager	I-Application
builds	O
software	O
from	O
source	O
using	O
"	O
formulae	O
"	O
,	O
Ruby	B-Language
scripts	O
constructed	O
with	O
the	O
Homebrew	B-Application
domain-specific	B-Language
language	I-Language
(	O
DSL	O
)	O
for	O
managing	O
dependencies	O
,	O
downloading	O
source	O
files	O
,	O
and	O
configuring	O
and	O
compiling	O
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Homebrew	B-Application
does	O
not	O
honor	O
the	O
default	O
privileges	O
of	O
/usr/local	O
;	O
directory	O
ownership	B-Application
is	O
changed	O
from	O
root	B-Application
with	O
group	O
permissions	O
for	O
the	O
wheel	B-Operating_System
group	I-Operating_System
to	O
the	O
installing	O
user	O
and	O
the	O
"	O
admin	O
"	O
group	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Specifically	O
,	O
the	O
mode	O
changes	O
from	O
drwxr-xr-x	O
root	B-Application
wheel	B-Operating_System
to	O
drwxrwxr-x	O
myuser	O
admin	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
files	O
,	O
not	O
just	O
the	O
directories	O
,	O
have	O
their	O
ownership	B-Application
changed	O
by	O
the	O
installer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Homebrew	B-Application
collects	O
installation	O
,	O
build	O
error	O
,	O
and	O
operating	O
system	O
version	O
statistics	O
via	O
Google	B-Application
Analytics	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Users	O
can	O
view	O
analytics	O
data	O
from	O
the	O
last	O
30	O
,	O
90	O
,	O
and	O
365	O
days	O
on	O
the	O
Homebrew	B-Application
website	O
.	O
</s>
