<s>
Home	B-Application
Assistant	I-Application
is	O
free	B-License
and	I-License
open-source	I-License
software	I-License
for	O
home	O
automation	O
designed	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
central	O
control	O
system	O
for	O
smart	B-Device
home	I-Device
devices	O
with	O
a	O
focus	O
on	O
local	O
control	O
and	O
privacy	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
can	O
be	O
accessed	O
through	O
a	O
web-based	O
user	B-Application
interface	I-Application
by	O
using	O
companion	O
apps	O
for	O
Android	B-Application
and	O
iOS	B-Application
,	O
or	O
by	O
voice	O
commands	O
via	O
a	O
supported	O
virtual	B-Protocol
assistant	I-Protocol
such	O
as	O
Google	B-Application
Assistant	I-Application
or	O
Amazon	B-Application
Alexa	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
the	O
Home	B-Application
Assistant	I-Application
software	O
application	O
is	O
installed	O
as	O
a	O
computer	B-Architecture
appliance	I-Architecture
,	O
it	O
will	O
act	O
as	O
a	O
central	O
control	O
system	O
for	O
home	O
automation	O
,	O
commonly	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
a	O
smart	B-Device
home	I-Device
hub	O
,	O
that	O
has	O
the	O
purpose	O
of	O
controlling	O
IoT	B-Operating_System
connectivity	O
technology	O
devices	O
,	O
software	O
,	O
applications	O
and	O
services	O
which	O
are	O
supported	O
by	O
modular	O
integration	O
components	O
,	O
including	O
native	O
integration	O
components	O
for	O
wireless	O
communication	O
protocols	O
such	O
as	O
Bluetooth	B-Protocol
,	O
Zigbee	B-Protocol
,	O
and	O
Z-Wave	B-Device
(	O
used	O
to	O
create	O
local	O
personal	B-General_Concept
area	I-General_Concept
networks	I-General_Concept
with	O
small	O
low-power	O
digital	O
radios	O
)	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
having	O
support	O
for	O
controlling	O
both	O
open	O
and	O
proprietary	O
ecosystems	O
if	O
they	O
provide	O
public	O
access	O
via	O
example	O
an	O
Open	B-Application
API	I-Application
or	O
MQTT	B-Application
for	O
third-party	O
integrations	O
over	O
the	O
Local	B-General_Concept
Area	I-General_Concept
Network	I-General_Concept
or	O
the	O
Internet	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Information	O
from	O
all	O
devices	O
and	O
their	O
attributes	O
(	O
entities	O
)	O
that	O
the	O
Home	B-Application
Assistant	I-Application
software	O
application	O
sees	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
and	O
controlled	O
from	O
within	O
scripts	O
trigger	O
automations	O
using	O
scheduling	O
and	O
"	O
blueprint	O
"	O
subroutines	O
,	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
project	O
was	O
started	O
as	O
a	O
Python	B-Language
application	O
by	O
Paulus	O
Schoutsen	O
in	O
September	O
2013	O
and	O
first	O
published	O
publicly	O
on	O
GitHub	B-Application
in	O
November	O
2013	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
July	O
2017	O
,	O
a	O
managed	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
called	O
Hass.io	O
was	O
initially	O
introduced	O
to	O
make	O
it	O
easier	O
to	O
use	O
Home	B-Application
Assistant	I-Application
on	O
single-board	B-Device
computers	I-Device
like	O
the	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
series	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Its	O
bundled	O
"	O
supervisor	O
"	O
management	O
system	O
allowed	O
users	O
to	O
manage	O
,	O
backup	O
,	O
update	O
the	O
local	O
installation	O
and	O
introduced	O
the	O
option	O
to	O
extend	O
the	O
functionality	O
of	O
the	O
software	O
with	O
add-ons	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
optional	O
subscription	O
service	O
was	O
introduced	O
in	O
December	O
2017	O
to	O
solve	O
the	O
complexities	O
associated	O
with	O
secured	O
remote	O
access	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
linking	O
to	O
Amazon	B-Application
Alexa	I-Application
and	O
Google	B-Application
Assistant	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
main	O
piece	O
of	O
software	O
was	O
renamed	O
to	O
Home	B-Application
Assistant	I-Application
Core	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
full	O
suite	O
of	O
software	O
with	O
the	O
Hass.io	O
embedded	B-Operating_System
operating	I-Operating_System
system	I-Operating_System
with	O
a	O
bundled	O
"	O
supervisor	O
"	O
management	O
system	O
was	O
renamed	O
as	O
Home	B-Application
Assistant	I-Application
(	O
though	O
it	O
is	O
also	O
commonly	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
"	O
HAOS	O
"	O
as	O
in	O
short	O
for	O
"	O
Home	B-Application
Assistant	I-Application
OS	O
"	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
January	O
2021	O
,	O
Home	B-Application
Assistant	I-Application
made	O
a	O
public	O
service	O
announcement	O
,	O
disclosing	O
vulnerabilities	O
with	O
its	O
3rd	O
party	O
custom	O
integrations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Home	B-Application
Assistant	I-Application
is	O
supported	O
and	O
can	O
be	O
installed	O
on	O
multiple	O
platforms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
include	O
single-board	B-Device
computers	I-Device
(	O
like	O
example	O
Hardkernel	B-Application
ODROID	I-Application
,	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
,	O
Asus	B-Device
Tinkerboard	I-Device
,	O
Intel	B-Device
NUC	I-Device
)	O
,	O
operating	B-General_Concept
systems	I-General_Concept
like	O
Windows	B-Application
,	O
macOS	B-Application
,	O
Linux	B-Application
as	O
well	O
as	O
virtual	B-Architecture
machines	I-Architecture
and	O
NAS	B-Application
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Windows	B-Application
support	O
is	O
via	O
a	O
Windows	B-Application
VM	O
or	O
installing	O
the	O
Windows	B-Application
Subsystem	O
for	O
Linux	B-Application
(	O
WSL	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
officially	O
supported	O
hardware	O
platforms	O
like	O
the	O
ODROID	B-Application
N2+	O
and	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
3/4	O
single-board	B-Device
computers	I-Device
,	O
the	O
installation	O
requires	O
flashing	O
a	O
corresponding	O
system	O
image	O
onto	O
a	O
microSD	O
card	O
,	O
eMMC	O
,	O
or	O
other	O
local	O
storage	O
from	O
which	O
the	O
system	O
can	O
boot	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
possible	O
to	O
use	O
Home	B-Application
Assistant	I-Application
as	O
a	O
gateway	B-Application
or	O
bridge	O
for	O
devices	O
using	O
different	O
IoT	B-Operating_System
technologies	O
like	O
Zigbee	B-Protocol
or	O
Z-Wave	B-Device
,	O
necessary	O
hardware	O
can	O
be	O
mounted	O
onto	O
GPIO	B-Architecture
(	O
Serial/I2C/SMBus	O
)	O
,	O
UART	O
,	O
or	O
using	O
USB	O
ports	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Moreover	O
,	O
it	O
can	O
connect	O
directly	O
or	O
indirectly	O
to	O
local	O
IoT	B-Operating_System
devices	O
,	O
control	O
hubs/gateways/bridges	O
,	O
or	O
cloud	B-Architecture
services	I-Architecture
from	O
many	O
different	O
vendors	O
,	O
including	O
other	O
open	O
and	O
closed	O
smart	B-Device
home	I-Device
ecosystems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
December	O
2020	O
,	O
a	O
customized	O
ODROID	B-Application
N2+	O
computer	B-Architecture
appliance	I-Architecture
with	O
bundled	O
software	O
was	O
introduced	O
under	O
the	O
product	O
name	O
"	O
Home	B-Application
Assistant	I-Application
Blue	O
"	O
as	O
an	O
officially	O
supported	O
common	O
hardware	O
reference	O
platform	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
same	O
package	O
is	O
also	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
"	O
ODROID-N2	O
+	O
Home	B-Application
Assistant	I-Application
Bundle	O
"	O
when	O
sold	O
without	O
the	O
official	O
custom-made	O
enclosure	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
comes	O
with	O
Home	B-Application
Assistant	I-Application
OS	O
pre-installed	O
on	O
local	O
eMMC	O
storage	O
,	O
a	O
power-adapter	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
custom	O
Home	B-Application
Assistant	I-Application
themed	O
enclosure	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Home	B-Application
Assistant	I-Application
founders	O
made	O
it	O
clear	O
that	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
official	O
hardware	O
would	O
not	O
keep	O
them	O
from	O
supporting	O
other	O
hardware	O
platforms	O
like	O
the	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
series	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
September	O
2021	O
,	O
Home	B-Application
Assistant	I-Application
developers	O
at	O
Nabu	O
Casa	O
announced	O
a	O
crowdfunding	O
campaign	O
on	O
Crowd	O
Supply	O
for	O
pre-order	O
of	O
"	O
Home	B-Application
Assistant	I-Application
Yellow	O
"	O
(	O
initially	O
called	O
"	O
Home	B-Application
Assistant	I-Application
Amber	O
"	O
)	O
,	O
a	O
new	O
official	O
home	O
automation	O
controller	O
hardware	O
platform	O
with	O
Home	B-Application
Assistant	I-Application
pre-installed	O
,	O
a	O
spiritual	O
successor	O
to	O
"	O
Home	B-Application
Assistant	I-Application
Blue	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
"	O
Home	B-Application
Assistant	I-Application
Yellow	O
"	O
is	O
designed	O
to	O
be	O
an	O
appliance	O
,	O
and	O
its	O
internals	O
are	O
architectured	O
with	O
carrier	O
board	O
(	O
or	O
"	O
baseboard	O
"	O
)	O
for	O
a	O
computer-on-modules	O
compatible	O
with	O
the	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
Compute	O
Module	O
4	O
(	O
CM4	O
)	O
embedded	O
computer	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
include	O
an	O
integrated	O
M.2	B-Protocol
expansion	O
slot	O
meant	O
for	O
either	O
an	O
NVMe	B-Application
SSD	B-Device
as	O
expanded	O
storage	O
or	O
for	O
an	O
AI	B-General_Concept
accelerator	I-General_Concept
card	O
,	O
and	O
an	O
onboard	O
EFR32	O
based	O
radio	O
module	O
made	O
by	O
Silicon	O
Labs	O
capable	O
of	O
acting	O
as	O
a	O
Zigbee	B-Protocol
Coordinator	I-Protocol
or	O
Thread	B-Protocol
Leader	O
(	O
Thread	B-Protocol
Border	O
Router	O
)	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
optional	O
variant	O
with	O
PoE	B-Device
(	O
Power	B-Device
over	I-Device
Ethernet	I-Device
)	O
support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
most	O
otherwise	O
notably	O
features	O
missing	O
on	O
"	O
Home	B-Application
Assistant	I-Application
Yellow	O
"	O
an	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
or	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
to	O
connect	O
a	O
monitor	O
,	O
(	O
which	O
is	O
likely	O
due	O
to	O
it	O
like	O
most	O
smart	B-Device
home	I-Device
hubs	O
being	O
purpose-built	O
to	O
act	O
as	O
a	O
headless	B-Application
system	I-Application
)	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
lack	O
of	O
onboard	O
Bluetooth	B-Protocol
,	O
Wi-Fi	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
USB	O
3.0	O
port	O
by	O
default	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Shipping	O
of	O
"	O
Home	B-Application
Assistant	I-Application
"	O
is	O
targeted	O
for	O
June	O
2022	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
primary	O
front-end	O
dashboard	B-Protocol
system	O
is	O
called	O
Lovelace	O
(	O
named	O
after	O
Ada	B-General_Concept
Lovelace	I-General_Concept
)	O
,	O
which	O
offers	O
different	O
cards	O
to	O
display	O
information	O
and	O
control	O
devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
interface	O
design	O
language	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
Material	B-Application
Design	I-Application
and	O
can	O
be	O
customized	O
using	O
global	O
themes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
GUI	B-Application
is	O
customizable	O
using	O
the	O
integrated	O
editor	O
or	O
by	O
modifying	O
the	O
underlying	O
YAML	B-Protocol
code	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Home	B-Application
Assistant	I-Application
acts	O
as	O
a	O
central	O
smart	B-Device
home	I-Device
controller	O
hub	O
by	O
combining	O
different	O
devices	O
and	O
services	O
in	O
a	O
single	O
place	O
and	O
integrating	O
them	O
as	O
entities	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Home	B-Application
Assistant	I-Application
as	O
an	O
on-premises	B-General_Concept
software	I-General_Concept
,	O
with	O
its	O
focus	O
on	O
local	O
control	O
for	O
the	O
purpose	O
of	O
privacy	O
in	O
combination	O
with	O
its	O
state	O
as	O
an	O
open-source	O
application	O
,	O
has	O
been	O
described	O
as	O
beneficial	O
to	O
the	O
security	O
of	O
the	O
platform	O
,	O
specifically	O
when	O
compared	O
to	O
closed-source	O
home	O
automation	O
software	O
based	O
on	O
proprietary	B-Device
hardware	I-Device
and	O
cloud-services	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
Add-ons	B-Application
get	O
a	O
security	O
rating	O
based	O
on	O
their	O
access	O
to	O
system	O
resources	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
January	O
2021	O
,	O
cybersecurity	O
analyst	O
Oriel	O
Goel	O
found	O
a	O
directory	B-Protocol
traversal	I-Protocol
security	O
vulnerability	O
in	O
third	O
party	O
custom	O
integrations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
issue	O
was	O
disclosed	O
on	O
January	O
22	O
,	O
2021	O
,	O
and	O
addressed	O
in	O
Home	B-Application
Assistant	I-Application
version	O
2021.1.5	O
,	O
released	O
on	O
January	O
23	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Home	B-Application
Assistant	I-Application
took	O
second	O
place	O
in	O
2017	O
and	O
2018	O
for	O
the	O
Thomas	O
Krenn	O
Award	O
(	O
formerly	O
Open	O
Source	O
Grant	O
)	O
,	O
later	O
winning	O
first	O
place	O
in	O
2019	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Home	B-Application
Assistant	I-Application
has	O
been	O
included	O
in	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
product	O
and	O
platform	O
comparisons	O
,	O
where	O
,	O
like	O
many	O
other	O
non-commercial	O
smart	B-Device
home	I-Device
hubs/gateways/bridges/controllers	O
for	O
home	O
automation	O
,	O
it	O
has	O
often	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
been	O
criticized	O
for	O
forcing	O
users	O
into	O
a	O
tedious	O
file-based	O
setup	O
procedure	O
using	O
text-based	O
YAML	B-Protocol
markup-language	O
instead	O
of	O
graphical	B-Application
user	I-Application
interfaces	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
newer	O
versions	O
of	O
Home	B-Application
Assistant	I-Application
produced	O
by	O
the	O
core	O
development	O
team	O
continue	O
to	O
make	O
the	O
configuration	O
(	O
from	O
initial	O
installation	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
most	O
basic	O
configurations	O
)	O
more	O
user-friendly	O
by	O
allowing	O
configuration	O
using	O
the	O
web-based	O
graphical	B-Application
user	I-Application
interface	I-Application
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
original	O
YAML	B-Protocol
scripting	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GitHub	B-Application
's	O
"	O
State	O
of	O
the	O
Octoverse	O
"	O
in	O
2019	O
listed	O
Home	B-Application
Assistant	I-Application
as	O
the	O
tenth	O
biggest	O
open-source	O
project	O
on	O
its	O
platform	O
with	O
6,300	O
contributors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2020	O
,	O
with	O
8,162	O
contributors	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
listed	O
second	O
place	O
in	O
the	O
list	O
of	O
Python	B-Language
packages	O
with	O
the	O
most	O
unique	O
contributors	O
.	O
</s>
