<s>
The	O
Holodeck	B-Algorithm
is	O
a	O
fictional	O
device	O
from	O
the	O
television	O
franchise	O
Star	B-Operating_System
Trek	I-Operating_System
which	O
uses	O
"	O
holograms	O
"	O
(	O
projected	O
light	O
and	O
electromagnetic	O
energy	O
which	O
create	O
the	O
illusion	O
of	O
solid	O
objects	O
)	O
to	O
create	O
a	O
realistic	B-Application
3D	I-Application
simulation	I-Application
of	O
a	O
real	O
or	O
imaginary	O
setting	O
,	O
in	O
which	O
participants	O
can	O
freely	O
interact	O
with	O
the	O
environment	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
objects	O
and	O
characters	O
,	O
and	O
sometimes	O
a	O
predefined	O
narrative	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
several	O
series	O
,	O
holodecks	B-Algorithm
are	O
an	O
amenity	O
available	O
to	O
the	O
crew	O
of	O
starships	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
series	O
Star	B-Operating_System
Trek	I-Operating_System
:	O
Deep	O
Space	O
Nine	O
,	O
a	O
similar	O
device	O
is	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
a	O
holosuite	B-Algorithm
,	O
operated	O
by	O
the	O
owner	O
of	O
the	O
space	O
station	O
's	O
bar	O
,	O
Quark	O
,	O
who	O
rents	O
them	O
out	O
to	O
customers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
From	O
a	O
storytelling	O
point	O
of	O
view	O
,	O
the	O
holodeck	B-Algorithm
permits	O
the	O
introduction	O
of	O
a	O
wide	O
variety	O
of	O
locations	O
and	O
characters	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
events	O
and	O
persons	O
in	O
the	O
Earth	O
's	O
past	O
,	O
or	O
imaginary	O
places	O
or	O
beings	O
,	O
that	O
would	O
otherwise	O
require	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
plot	O
mechanisms	O
such	O
as	O
time-travel	O
or	O
dream	O
sequences	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Star	B-Operating_System
Trek	I-Operating_System
holodeck	B-Algorithm
was	O
inspired	O
by	O
inventor	O
Gene	O
Dolgoff	O
,	O
who	O
owned	O
a	O
holography	O
laboratory	O
in	O
New	O
York	O
City	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Star	B-Operating_System
Trek	I-Operating_System
creator	O
Gene	O
Roddenberry	O
met	O
Dolgoff	O
in	O
1973	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
appearance	O
of	O
a	O
holodeck-type	O
technology	O
in	O
Star	B-Operating_System
Trek	I-Operating_System
came	O
in	O
the	O
Star	B-Operating_System
Trek	I-Operating_System
:	O
The	O
Animated	O
Series	O
episode	O
"	O
The	O
Practical	O
Joker	O
"	O
,	O
where	O
it	O
was	O
called	O
the	O
"	O
recreation	O
room	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
holodeck	B-Algorithm
was	O
a	O
frequent	O
plot	O
mechanism	O
in	O
Star	B-Application
Trek	I-Application
:	I-Application
The	I-Application
Next	I-Application
Generation	I-Application
,	O
beginning	O
with	O
the	O
1988	O
episode	O
"	O
The	O
Big	O
Goodbye	O
"	O
,	O
in	O
which	O
the	O
holodeck	B-Algorithm
played	O
a	O
central	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
plot	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Prior	O
to	O
Star	B-Operating_System
Trek	I-Operating_System
,	O
science-fiction	O
writer	O
Ray	O
Bradbury	O
wrote	O
about	O
a	O
technology-powered	O
"	O
nursery	O
"	O
,	O
a	O
virtual	B-Application
reality	I-Application
room	O
able	O
to	O
reproduce	O
any	O
place	O
one	O
imagines	O
,	O
in	O
his	O
1950	O
story	O
"	O
The	O
Veldt	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
discovery	O
was	O
an	O
unexpected	O
result	O
of	O
research	O
into	O
improving	O
electron	O
microscopes	O
;	O
the	O
original	O
technique	O
is	O
still	O
used	O
and	O
is	O
known	O
as	O
electron	B-Algorithm
holography	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
practical	O
optical	O
holograms	O
recording	O
3D	O
objects	O
were	O
made	O
in	O
1962	O
by	O
Yuri	O
Denisyuk	O
in	O
the	O
Soviet	O
Union	O
and	O
by	O
Emmett	B-Algorithm
Leith	I-Algorithm
and	O
Juris	O
Upatnieks	O
at	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
Michigan	O
,	O
USA	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
most	O
Star	B-Operating_System
Trek	I-Operating_System
episodes	O
,	O
the	O
holodeck	B-Algorithm
is	O
a	O
normal	O
room	O
within	O
a	O
starship	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
inside	O
of	O
the	O
holodeck	B-Algorithm
,	O
when	O
not	O
running	O
a	O
program	O
,	O
is	O
typically	O
shown	O
as	O
an	O
empty	O
room	O
of	O
medium	O
size	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
floor	O
and	O
walls	O
are	O
depicted	O
in	O
different	O
ways	O
,	O
either	O
covered	O
in	O
a	O
bright	O
yellow	O
grid	O
on	O
a	O
black	O
background	O
(	O
in	O
Star	B-Application
Trek	I-Application
:	I-Application
The	I-Application
Next	I-Application
Generation	I-Application
)	O
,	O
a	O
metallic	O
grid	O
structure	O
(	O
in	O
Star	B-Operating_System
Trek	I-Operating_System
:	O
Voyager	O
)	O
,	O
or	O
various	O
other	O
mechanisms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
the	O
holodeck	B-Algorithm
is	O
activated	O
,	O
the	O
room	O
disappears	O
,	O
replaced	O
by	O
a	O
realistic	O
,	O
interactive	O
simulation	O
of	O
a	O
physical	O
world	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
holodeck	B-Algorithm
can	O
be	O
controlled	O
by	O
voice	O
commands	O
,	O
or	O
a	O
computer	O
terminal	O
called	O
the	O
"	O
Arch	O
"	O
which	O
can	O
be	O
summoned	O
by	O
verbal	O
command	O
to	O
provide	O
manual	O
controls	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
simulated	B-Application
environment	I-Application
is	O
not	O
limited	O
to	O
the	O
size	O
of	O
the	O
room	O
,	O
but	O
can	O
be	O
any	O
conceivable	O
size	O
,	O
and	O
participants	O
can	O
move	O
freely	O
,	O
as	O
far	O
as	O
they	O
like	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
some	O
cases	O
,	O
the	O
holodeck	B-Algorithm
is	O
shown	O
to	O
create	O
an	O
internal	O
space	O
at	O
least	O
as	O
large	O
as	O
a	O
starship	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
opening	O
scene	O
of	O
the	O
1994	O
film	O
Star	B-Operating_System
Trek	I-Operating_System
Generations	O
features	O
a	O
holodeck	B-Algorithm
simulation	O
of	O
a	O
sailing	O
ship	O
including	O
a	O
surrounding	O
ocean	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Holographic	O
projections	O
are	O
solid	O
within	O
the	O
holodeck	B-Algorithm
,	O
and	O
can	O
be	O
interacted	O
with	O
as	O
if	O
they	O
were	O
real	O
,	O
but	O
disappear	O
instantly	O
when	O
the	O
program	O
ends	O
,	O
or	O
degrade	O
rapidly	O
if	O
removed	O
from	O
the	O
holodeck	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
some	O
episodes	O
do	O
show	O
simulated	O
matter	O
persisting	O
beyond	O
the	O
confines	O
of	O
the	O
holodeck	B-Algorithm
,	O
such	O
as	O
in	O
"	O
Encounter	O
at	O
Farpoint	O
"	O
,	O
in	O
which	O
Wesley	O
Crusher	O
falls	O
into	O
a	O
holographic	O
stream	O
,	O
and	O
remains	O
wet	O
after	O
leaving	O
the	O
holodeck	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Living	O
characters	O
within	O
the	O
holodeck	B-Algorithm
can	O
be	O
given	O
varying	O
levels	O
of	O
intelligence	O
,	O
from	O
total	O
lack	O
of	O
animation	O
,	O
to	O
fully	O
interactive	O
,	O
convincing	O
simulations	O
of	O
human	O
beings	O
and	O
other	O
sapient	O
beings	O
,	O
even	O
including	O
self-awareness	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
metaphysical	O
questions	O
raised	O
by	O
self-aware	O
simulated	O
characters	O
are	O
explored	O
in	O
several	O
Star	B-Operating_System
Trek	I-Operating_System
episodes	O
,	O
including	O
"	O
Elementary	O
,	O
Dear	O
Data	O
"	O
,	O
in	O
which	O
a	O
holodeck	B-Algorithm
recreation	O
of	O
Professor	O
Moriarty	O
becomes	O
self-aware	O
and	O
demands	O
a	O
life	O
outside	O
of	O
the	O
holodeck	B-Algorithm
;	O
unable	O
to	O
meet	O
his	O
demands	O
,	O
Captain	O
Picard	O
saves	O
Moriarty	O
's	O
program	O
against	O
the	O
day	O
when	O
that	O
will	O
be	O
possible	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
story	O
arc	O
spanning	O
the	O
entire	O
series	O
of	O
Star	B-Operating_System
Trek	I-Operating_System
:	O
Voyager	O
is	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
a	O
holographic	O
emergency	O
medical	O
program	O
,	O
known	O
as	O
The	B-Application
Doctor	I-Application
,	O
from	O
an	O
intelligent	O
but	O
limited	O
holographic	O
tool	O
into	O
a	O
fully	O
realized	O
sapient	O
being	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
holodeck	B-Algorithm
is	O
often	O
depicted	O
being	O
used	O
for	O
practical	O
purposes	O
by	O
Starfleet	O
officers	O
in	O
the	O
pursuit	O
of	O
their	O
duties	O
;	O
it	O
is	O
used	O
by	O
the	O
Enterprise	O
's	O
tactical	O
officers	O
to	O
create	O
simulated	O
opponents	O
for	O
combat	O
training	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
holodeck	B-Algorithm
is	O
sometimes	O
used	O
to	O
recreate	O
real	O
events	O
for	O
the	O
purposes	O
of	O
criminal	O
investigation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
also	O
serves	O
a	O
recreational	O
function	O
;	O
"	O
holonovelists	O
"	O
produce	O
programs	O
with	O
real	O
or	O
fictional	O
scenarios	O
for	O
entertainment	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
several	O
episodes	O
of	O
Star	B-Application
Trek	I-Application
:	I-Application
The	I-Application
Next	I-Application
Generation	I-Application
,	O
Captain	O
Jean-Luc	O
Picard	O
takes	O
part	O
in	O
stories	O
in	O
which	O
he	O
plays	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
one	O
of	O
his	O
boyhood	O
heroes	O
,	O
fictional	O
detective	O
Dixon	O
Hill	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Multiple	O
Star	B-Operating_System
Trek	I-Operating_System
series	O
suggest	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
holodecks	B-Algorithm
for	O
sexual	O
experiences	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
Star	B-Operating_System
Trek	I-Operating_System
:	O
Deep	O
Space	O
Nine	O
,	O
patrons	O
of	O
Quark	O
's	O
bar	O
pay	O
(	O
usually	O
in	O
gold-pressed	O
latinum	O
)	O
for	O
hourly	O
rentals	O
of	O
"	O
holosuites	B-Algorithm
"	O
and	O
pornographic	O
holoprograms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Holodecks	B-Algorithm
in	O
the	O
animated	O
comedy	O
series	O
Star	B-Operating_System
Trek	I-Operating_System
:	O
Lower	O
Decks	O
possess	O
"	O
bodily	O
fluid	O
filters	O
"	O
,	O
also	O
insinuating	O
that	O
the	O
holodecks	B-Algorithm
are	O
used	O
for	O
sexual	O
purposes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
users	O
develop	O
a	O
pathological	O
obsession	O
with	O
the	O
holodeck	B-Algorithm
,	O
a	O
condition	O
known	O
to	O
the	O
characters	O
as	O
holo-addiction	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Star	B-Operating_System
Trek	I-Operating_System
:	O
Voyager	O
also	O
introduces	O
alien	O
beings	O
known	O
as	O
photonic	O
lifeforms	O
who	O
believe	O
holodeck	B-Algorithm
programs	I-Algorithm
are	O
real	O
,	O
rather	O
than	O
computer-driven	O
simulations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
the	O
Holodeck	B-Algorithm
is	O
supposed	O
to	O
be	O
safe	O
,	O
preventing	O
users	O
from	O
being	O
injured	O
even	O
by	O
realistic	O
violence	O
,	O
many	O
Star	B-Operating_System
Trek	I-Operating_System
shows	O
feature	O
plots	O
in	O
which	O
the	O
holodeck	B-Algorithm
malfunctions	I-Algorithm
and	O
creates	O
genuine	O
dangers	O
,	O
or	O
if	O
the	O
safety	O
protocols	O
have	O
been	O
disabled	O
,	O
which	O
requires	O
the	O
authorization	O
of	O
two	O
senior	O
officers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
2399	O
,	O
when	O
Star	B-Operating_System
Trek	I-Operating_System
:	O
Picard	O
begins	O
,	O
holomatrix	O
guest	O
rooms	O
have	O
become	O
a	O
familiar	O
amenity	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Star	B-Application
Trek	I-Application
:	I-Application
The	I-Application
Next	I-Application
Generation	I-Application
episode	O
"	O
The	O
Big	O
Goodbye	O
"	O
(	O
airdate	O
January	O
11	O
,	O
1988	O
)	O
,	O
featuring	O
a	O
story	O
set	O
in	O
the	O
holodeck	B-Algorithm
,	O
was	O
honored	O
with	O
a	O
Peabody	O
Award	O
in	O
recognition	O
of	O
its	O
"	O
new	O
standard	O
of	O
quality	O
for	O
first-run	O
syndication	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
"	O
The	O
Big	O
Goodbye	O
"	O
is	O
the	O
only	O
Star	B-Operating_System
Trek	I-Operating_System
episode	O
to	O
win	O
a	O
Peabody	O
Award	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Author	O
Alexander	O
Moszkowski	O
may	O
have	O
been	O
the	O
first	O
person	O
to	O
envisage	O
something	O
resembling	O
a	O
'	O
holodeck	B-Algorithm
 '	O
concept	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Russian	O
science-fiction	O
movie	O
Moscow-Cassiopeia	O
(	O
1973	O
)	O
shows	O
a	O
"	O
Surprise	O
Room	O
"	O
which	O
operates	O
in	O
a	O
similar	O
way	O
to	O
a	O
holodeck	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Japanese	O
TV	O
series	O
Space	O
Battleship	O
Yamato	O
(	O
1974	O
)	O
features	O
a	O
"	O
resort	O
room	O
"	O
capable	O
of	O
creating	O
simulated	B-Application
environments	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
X-Men	B-Device
comic	O
book	O
series	O
depicts	O
a	O
training	O
room	O
which	O
was	O
originally	O
depicted	O
as	O
a	O
mechanical	O
affair	O
(	O
1963	O
)	O
,	O
but	O
later	O
as	O
using	O
holograms	O
and	O
other	O
sensory	O
simulation	O
(	O
1983	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
HoloShed	O
aboard	O
the	O
Nimbus	O
in	O
Futuramas	B-Application
fourth	O
televised	O
season	O
resembles	O
the	O
holodeck	B-Algorithm
in	O
function	O
and	O
aesthetic	O
,	O
though	O
the	O
holograms	O
have	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
become	O
real	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Abed	O
Nadir	O
's	O
"	O
dreamatorium	O
"	O
from	O
the	O
third	O
season	O
of	O
the	O
U.S.	O
television	O
sitcom	O
Community	O
is	O
inspired	O
by	O
the	O
holodeck	B-Algorithm
both	O
in	O
its	O
function	O
and	O
in	O
its	O
aesthetic	O
,	O
though	O
the	O
simulations	O
are	O
a	O
product	O
of	O
imagination	O
rather	O
than	O
actual	O
projections	O
.	O
</s>
