<s>
The	O
history	B-Architecture
of	I-Architecture
business	I-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
has	O
its	O
origins	O
in	O
the	O
1980s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
next	O
decades	O
business	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
has	O
developed	O
into	O
a	O
discipline	O
of	O
"	O
cross-organizational	O
design	O
of	O
the	O
business	O
as	O
a	O
whole	O
"	O
closely	O
related	O
to	O
enterprise	O
architecture	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
concept	O
of	O
business	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
has	O
been	O
proposed	O
as	O
a	O
blueprint	O
of	O
the	O
enterprise	O
,	O
as	O
a	O
business	O
strategy	O
,	O
and	O
also	O
as	O
the	O
representation	O
of	O
a	O
business	O
design	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
concept	O
of	O
business	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
has	O
evolved	O
over	O
the	O
years	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
introduced	O
in	O
the	O
1980s	O
as	O
architectural	B-Architecture
domains	I-Architecture
and	O
as	O
an	O
activity	O
of	O
business	O
design	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
2000s	O
the	O
study	O
and	O
concept	O
development	O
of	O
business	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
accelerated	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
2000s	O
the	O
first	O
handbooks	O
on	O
business	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
were	O
published	O
,	O
separate	O
frameworks	O
for	O
business	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
were	O
being	O
developed	O
,	O
separate	O
views	O
and	O
models	O
for	O
business	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
were	O
further	O
under	O
construction	O
,	O
the	O
business	B-Architecture
architect	I-Architecture
as	O
a	O
profession	O
evolved	O
,	O
and	O
more	O
businesses	O
added	O
business	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
to	O
their	O
agenda	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
2015	O
business	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
has	O
evolved	O
into	O
a	O
common	O
practice	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
business	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
body	O
of	O
knowledge	O
has	O
been	O
developed	O
and	O
is	O
updated	O
multiple	O
times	O
each	O
year	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
interest	O
from	O
the	O
academic	O
world	O
and	O
from	O
top	O
management	O
is	O
growing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Business	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
has	O
its	O
roots	O
in	O
traditional	O
cross-organizational	O
design	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Bodine	O
and	O
Hilty	O
(	O
2009	O
)	O
stipulated	O
,	O
that	O
the	O
"	O
responsibility	O
for	O
the	O
cross-organizational	O
design	O
of	O
the	O
business	O
as	O
a	O
whole	O
,	O
the	O
work	O
of	O
the	O
Business	B-Architecture
Architect	I-Architecture
,	O
has	O
historically	O
fallen	O
to	O
the	O
CEO	O
or	O
their	O
assignee	O
,	O
supported	O
by	O
generalist	O
management	O
consulting	O
firms	O
whose	O
teams	O
of	O
MBAs	O
work	O
with	O
corporate	O
managers	O
to	O
transform	O
strategy	O
into	O
new	O
business	O
configurations	O
using	O
the	O
newest	O
tools.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
John	O
Zachman	O
(	O
2012	O
)	O
commented	O
in	O
this	O
context	O
,	O
that	O
"	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
material	O
has	O
been	O
written	O
about	O
business	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
(	O
by	O
some	O
definition	O
)	O
,	O
going	O
back	O
to	O
The	O
Principles	O
of	O
Scientific	O
Management	O
(	O
1911	O
)	O
by	O
Frederick	O
Taylor.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
of	O
the	O
roots	O
of	O
business	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
lies	O
in	O
the	O
proposals	O
for	O
enterprise	O
architecture	O
made	O
since	O
the	O
1980s	O
and	O
1990s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
More	O
specific	O
about	O
the	O
emerge	O
of	O
business	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
Whelan	O
&	O
Meaden	O
(	O
2012	O
)	O
described	O
,	O
that	O
this	O
emerged	O
against	O
a	O
backdrop	O
of	O
change	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
business	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
is	O
"	O
maturing	O
into	O
a	O
discipline	O
in	O
its	O
own	O
right	O
,	O
rising	O
from	O
the	O
pool	O
of	O
inter-related	O
practices	O
that	O
include	O
business	O
strategy	O
,	O
enterprise	O
architecture	O
,	O
business	O
portfolio	O
planning	O
and	O
change	B-Application
management	I-Application
–	O
to	O
name	O
but	O
a	O
few	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
concept	O
of	O
business	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
emerged	O
in	O
the	O
1980s	O
in	O
the	O
field	O
of	O
information	O
systems	O
development	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
of	O
the	O
first	O
to	O
mention	O
business	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
was	O
the	O
British	O
management	O
consultant	O
Edwin	O
E	O
.	O
Tozer	O
in	O
the	O
1986	O
article	O
"	O
Developing	O
strategies	O
for	O
management	O
information	O
systems.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
He	O
introduced	O
the	O
concept	O
of	O
business	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
in	O
the	O
context	O
of	O
business	O
information	O
systems	O
planning	O
,	O
and	O
distinguished	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Information	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
,	O
</s>
<s>
And	O
he	O
explained	O
,	O
that	O
"	O
each	O
entity	O
class	O
in	O
the	O
Information	B-Architecture
Architecture	I-Architecture
is	O
represented	O
in	O
some	O
database	O
and	O
each	O
business	O
function	O
may	O
be	O
supported	O
by	O
one	O
or	O
more	O
systems.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
American	O
organizational	O
theorist	O
William	O
R	O
.	O
Synnott	O
(	O
1987	O
)	O
presented	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
first	O
models	O
of	O
business	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
,	O
(	O
see	O
image	O
)	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
context	O
of	O
data	B-General_Concept
management	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Synnott	O
wanted	O
to	O
develop	O
an	O
overall	O
Information	O
Resource	O
Management	O
(	O
IRM	O
)	O
architecture	O
,	O
and	O
proposed	O
business	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
as	O
its	O
foundation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Business	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
is	O
the	O
foundation	O
upon	O
which	O
the	O
IRM	O
architecture	O
rests	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
figure	O
data	B-General_Concept
architecture	I-General_Concept
and	O
communication	O
architecture	O
are	O
shown	O
as	O
horizontal	O
bars	O
because	O
these	O
are	O
corporate-wide	O
information	O
resource	O
components	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Decentralized	O
:	O
Human	O
resources	O
architecture	O
,	O
Computer	B-General_Concept
architecture	I-General_Concept
,	O
User-computing	O
architecture	O
,	O
and	O
Systems	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
the	O
late	O
1980s	O
NIST	B-Library
Enterprise	I-Library
Architecture	I-Library
Model	I-Library
distinguished	O
five	O
types	O
,	O
and	O
this	O
was	O
incorporated	O
in	O
the	O
1990s	O
Federal	B-Library
Enterprise	I-Library
Architecture	I-Library
,	O
which	O
contained	O
four	O
types	O
of	O
architecture	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Synnott	O
(	O
1987	O
)	O
furthermore	O
described	O
,	O
how	O
business	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
should	O
work	O
and	O
introduced	O
the	O
idea	O
of	O
architectural	O
planning	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
business	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
of	O
the	O
company	O
(	O
organization	O
structure	O
,	O
strategic	O
business	O
units	O
and	O
missions	O
,	O
product	O
and	O
services	O
)	O
is	O
the	O
foundation	O
of	O
IRM	O
planning	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
(	O
1988	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
European	O
IFIP	O
Technical	O
Committee	O
on	O
Information	O
Systems	O
IFIP	O
TC8	O
presented	O
the	O
opinion	O
,	O
that	O
"	O
business	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
is	O
required	O
to	O
provide	O
a	O
solid	O
base	O
for	O
the	O
total	O
development	O
process.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
business	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
the	O
following	O
can	O
'	O
be	O
identified	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
some	O
basic	O
elements	O
in	O
business	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
:	O
management	O
,	O
organization	O
,	O
processes	O
to	O
be	O
performed	O
and	O
data	O
to	O
be	O
made	O
available/delivered	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
ideas	O
around	O
the	O
concept	O
of	O
architectural	O
planning	O
evolved	O
in	O
the	O
early	O
1990s	O
into	O
frameworks	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
TAFIM	B-Library
,	O
the	O
predecessor	O
of	O
TOGAF	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
1987	O
article	O
"	O
A	O
Framework	O
for	O
Information	O
Systems	B-Architecture
Architecture	I-Architecture
"	O
John	O
Zachman	O
presented	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
principles	O
of	O
Enterprise	O
architecture	O
,	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
5th	O
NIST	O
workshop	O
on	O
Information	O
Management	O
Directions	O
(	O
1989	O
)	O
a	O
working	O
groups	O
under	O
guidance	O
of	O
W	O
.	O
Bradford	O
Rigdon	O
developed	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
first	O
Enterprise	B-Library
Architecture	I-Library
frameworks	I-Library
,	O
the	O
NIST	B-Library
Enterprise	I-Library
Architecture	I-Library
Model	I-Library
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
this	O
model	O
business	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
was	O
incorporated	O
as	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
layers	O
of	O
Enterprise	O
Architecture	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
the	O
businesses	O
adapting	O
,	O
the	O
new	O
concept	O
of	O
business	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
was	O
presented	O
as	O
promising	O
alternative	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
this	O
context	O
,	O
proper	O
functioning	O
of	O
self-reference	O
would	O
certainly	O
prevent	O
the	O
vacillations	O
and	O
the	O
random	O
search	O
for	O
new	O
products/markets	O
that	O
have	O
,	O
over	O
the	O
past	O
years	O
,	O
destroyed	O
so	O
many	O
businesses.In	O
fact	O
,	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
continuously	O
match	O
the	O
portfolio	O
of	O
internal	O
competencies	O
with	O
the	O
portfolio	O
of	O
emerging	O
market	O
opportunities	O
is	O
the	O
foundation	O
of	O
the	O
emerging	O
concept	O
of	O
new	O
business	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
...	O
Gharajedaghi	O
,	O
Jamshid	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Systems	O
thinking	O
:	O
Managing	O
chaos	O
and	O
complexity	O
:	O
A	O
platform	O
for	O
designing	O
business	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
1990s	O
works	O
the	O
concept	O
of	O
business	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
is	O
presented	O
in	O
distinguished	O
ways	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
activity	O
:	O
Lindsay	O
&	O
Price	O
(	O
1991	O
)	O
for	O
example	O
presented	O
business	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
as	O
a	O
"	O
self	O
security	O
activity	O
,	O
"	O
which	O
included	O
the	O
"	O
study	O
of	O
a	O
function	O
,	O
including	O
its	O
component	O
organizations	O
,	O
tools	O
,	O
methods	O
,	O
and	O
relationships	O
,	O
both	O
internal	O
and	O
external	O
...	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
blueprint	O
or	O
model	O
of	O
the	O
enterprise	O
:	O
Bourke	O
(	O
1994	O
)	O
described	O
it	O
as	O
"	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
integrated	O
blueprints	O
of	O
the	O
...	O
[enterprise]'s	O
business	O
processes	O
,	O
"	O
and	O
Veasey	O
(	O
1994	O
)	O
spoke	O
of	O
business	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
as	O
"	O
a	O
model	O
of	O
the	O
enterprise	O
which	O
is	O
a	O
mechanism	O
for	O
the	O
management	O
of	O
change.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
strategy	O
for	O
any	O
change	O
program	O
:	O
Davis	O
(	O
1996	O
)	O
for	O
example	O
described	O
that	O
business	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
"	O
describe	O
the	O
type	O
of	O
comprehensive	O
plan	O
required	O
to	O
set	O
the	O
stage	O
for	O
integrated	O
change	O
programmes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
comprehensive	O
business	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
defines	O
the	O
way	O
in	O
which	O
human	O
performance	O
,	O
processes	O
and	O
technology	O
will	O
be	O
integrated	O
to	O
transform	O
business	O
performance	O
and	O
create	O
value.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
Business	B-Architecture
architectures	I-Architecture
is	O
presented	O
as	O
tool	O
for	O
change	B-Application
management	I-Application
,	O
acknowledged	O
Van	O
Rensburg	O
(	O
1997	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Using	O
an	O
object-oriented	O
modelling	O
approach	O
in	O
the	O
design	O
of	O
the	O
business	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
allows	O
for	O
a	O
robust	O
modelling	O
approach	O
which	O
captures	O
real	O
world	O
instances	O
in	O
a	O
business	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
repository	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Beside	O
the	O
enterprise	B-Library
architecture	I-Library
frameworks	I-Library
a	O
second	O
type	O
of	O
architectural	O
models	O
were	O
proposed	O
in	O
the	O
late	O
1980s	O
and	O
early	O
1990s	O
,	O
which	O
were	O
called	O
Enterprise	O
Reference	O
Architecture	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CIMOSA	B-Library
(	O
CIMOSA	B-Library
Association	I-Library
1996	O
)	O
,	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1999	O
two	O
works	O
on	O
business	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
and	O
its	O
foundation	O
were	O
published	O
,	O
which	O
became	O
two	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
cited	O
works	O
on	O
business	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
his	O
"	O
Systems	O
thinking	O
:	O
Managing	O
chaos	O
and	O
complexity	O
"	O
Jamshid	O
Gharajedaghi	O
presented	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
principles	O
to	O
design	O
business	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
,	O
which	O
were	O
based	O
on	O
systems	O
thinking	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Gharajedaghi	O
argued	O
,	O
that	O
business	B-Architecture
Architecture	I-Architecture
should	O
be	O
considered	O
a	O
system	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Business	B-Architecture
Architecture	I-Architecture
is	O
a	O
general	O
description	O
of	O
a	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Business	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
consists	O
of	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
distinct	O
but	O
interrelated	O
platforms	O
,	O
creating	O
a	O
multidimensional	O
modular	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
IBM	O
researcher	O
Douglas	O
W	O
.	O
McDavid	O
presented	O
the	O
paper	O
"	O
A	O
standard	O
for	O
business	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
description.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
is	O
an	O
excellent	O
discussion	O
on	O
what	O
constitutes	O
business	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
and	O
the	O
nature	O
and	O
use	O
of	O
information	O
categories	O
,	O
although	O
concepts	O
such	O
as	O
product	O
and	O
agreement	O
seem	O
to	O
be	O
missing.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
concepts	O
in	O
the	O
Business	B-Architecture
Architecture	I-Architecture
description	O
provide	O
a	O
semantic	O
framework	O
for	O
speaking	O
about	O
common	O
business	O
concerns	O
...	O
For	O
our	O
purposes	O
,	O
this	O
semantic	O
structure	O
provides	O
a	O
common	O
set	O
of	O
concept	O
patterns	O
to	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
understand	O
the	O
types	O
of	O
content	O
that	O
needs	O
to	O
be	O
supported	O
in	O
technology-based	O
information	O
systems	O
...	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
generic	O
concepts	O
and	O
their	O
interrelationships	O
organize	O
business	O
information	O
content	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
requirements	O
on	O
the	O
business	O
,	O
the	O
boundary	O
of	O
the	O
business	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
business	O
as	O
a	O
system	O
for	O
delivery	O
of	O
value.McDavid	O
,	O
Douglas	O
W	O
.	O
"	O
A	O
standard	O
for	O
business	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
description.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
Today	O
‘	O
s	O
Business	B-Architecture
Architects	I-Architecture
take	O
a	O
holistic	O
view	O
of	O
the	O
complete	O
business	O
representing	O
all	O
interests	O
and	O
engaging	O
all	O
expertise	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
PERA	B-Library
(	O
Williams	O
1994	O
)	O
,	O
CIMOSA	B-Library
(	O
CIMOSA	B-Library
Association	I-Library
1996	O
)	O
,	O
ARIS	O
(	O
Scheer	O
1999	O
)	O
,	O
GRAI-GIM	O
(	O
Doumeingts	O
,	O
1987	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
IFIP-IFAC	O
Task	O
Force	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
a	O
thorough	O
review	O
of	O
these	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
their	O
proposed	O
generalisation	O
(	O
Bernus	O
and	O
Nemes	O
,	O
1994	O
)	O
developed	O
GERAM	B-Library
(	O
IFIP-IFAC	O
Task	O
Force	O
,	O
1999	O
)	O
which	O
then	O
became	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
ISO15704:2000	O
“	O
Industrial	O
automation	O
systems	O
–	O
Requirements	O
for	O
enterprise-reference	O
architectures	O
and	O
methodologies	O
”	O
...	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Business	B-Architecture
Architecture	I-Architecture
Special	O
Interest	O
Group	O
(	O
BASIG	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
working	O
group	O
on	O
business	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
of	O
the	O
Object	B-Architecture
Management	I-Architecture
Group	I-Architecture
(	O
OMG	B-Architecture
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
working	O
group	O
was	O
founded	O
in	O
2007	O
as	O
the	O
Business	B-Architecture
Architecture	I-Architecture
Working	O
Group	O
(	O
BAWG	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
2006	O
article	O
"	O
Business	B-Architecture
Architecture	I-Architecture
:	O
A	O
new	O
paradigm	O
to	O
relate	O
business	O
strategy	O
to	O
ICT	O
,	O
"	O
Versteeg	O
&	O
Bouwman	O
explained	O
the	O
relation	O
between	O
business	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
,	O
business	O
activities	O
and	O
business	O
strategy	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
business	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
arranges	O
the	O
responsibilities	O
around	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
business	O
activities	O
(	O
for	O
instance	O
production	O
,	O
distribution	O
,	O
marketing	O
,	O
et	O
cetera	O
)	O
and/or	O
economic	O
activities	O
(	O
for	O
instance	O
manufacturing	O
,	O
assembly	O
,	O
transport	O
,	O
wholesale	O
,	O
et	O
cetera	O
)	O
into	O
domains	O
Versteeg	O
,	O
Gerrit	O
&	O
Bouwman	O
(	O
2006	O
,	O
p	O
.	O
92	O
)	O
,	O
as	O
cited	O
in	O
:	O
McClure	O
,	O
Mark	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Versteeg	O
&	O
Bouwman	O
also	O
stipulated	O
,	O
that	O
"	O
the	O
perspectives	O
for	O
subsequent	O
design	O
next	O
to	O
organization	O
are	O
more	O
common	O
:	O
information	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
,	O
technical	O
architecture	O
,	O
process	O
architecture	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
various	O
parts	O
(	O
functions	O
,	O
concepts	O
and	O
processes	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
business	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
act	O
as	O
a	O
compulsory	O
starting	O
point	O
for	O
the	O
different	O
subsequent	O
architectures	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Business	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
models	O
shed	O
light	O
on	O
the	O
scantly	O
elaborated	O
relationships	O
between	O
business	O
strategy	O
and	O
business	O
design	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
We	O
will	O
illustrate	O
the	O
value	O
of	O
business	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
in	O
a	O
case	O
study.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
2010	O
the	O
first	O
handbooks	O
on	O
Business	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
were	O
published	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
US	O
William	O
M	O
.	O
Ulrich	O
and	O
Neal	O
McWhorter	O
of	O
the	O
OMG	B-Architecture
Business	I-Architecture
Architecture	I-Architecture
Special	I-Architecture
Interest	I-Architecture
Group	I-Architecture
published	O
the	O
"	O
Business	B-Architecture
Architecture	I-Architecture
:	O
The	O
Art	O
and	O
Practice	O
of	O
Business	O
Transformation	O
,	O
"	O
in	O
2010	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2012	O
in	O
Britain	O
the	O
business	O
consultants	O
Jonathan	O
Whelan	O
and	O
Graham	O
Meaden	O
published	O
their	O
"	O
Business	B-Architecture
Architecture	I-Architecture
:	O
A	O
Practical	O
Guide.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
several	O
sources	O
in	O
the	O
exact	O
definition	O
of	O
"	O
business	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
"	O
is	O
under	O
review	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Interest	O
in	O
business	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
is	O
growing	O
dramatically	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
During	O
the	O
past	O
two	O
years	O
both	O
IT	O
and	O
business	O
leaders	O
have	O
joined	O
the	O
discussion	O
about	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
a	O
well-defined	O
business	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
Though	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
great	O
deal	O
of	O
discussion	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
little	O
consensus	O
about	O
what	O
business	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
is	O
,	O
how	O
it	O
should	O
be	O
pursued	O
,	O
and	O
what	O
value	O
it	O
delivers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Business	B-Architecture
architects	I-Architecture
in	O
IT	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
in	O
the	O
business	O
have	O
started	O
developing	O
business-unit-wide	O
and	O
enterprise-wide	O
business	B-Architecture
architectures	I-Architecture
,	O
learning	O
as	O
they	O
go	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Architecture	O
teams	O
that	O
want	O
to	O
play	O
a	O
leading	O
role	O
in	O
business	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
development	O
must	O
start	O
soon	O
or	O
be	O
left	O
behind.Jeff	O
Scott	O
(	O
2008	O
)	O
,	O
Business	B-Architecture
Architecture	I-Architecture
’s	O
Time	O
Has	O
Come	O
,	O
Forrester	O
Publication	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
sources	O
came	O
to	O
the	O
same	O
conclusion	O
,	O
that	O
over	O
the	O
years	O
many	O
different	O
definitions	O
of	O
business	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
have	O
been	O
proposed	O
Some	O
of	O
the	O
more	O
notable	O
definitions	O
have	O
described	O
business	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
as	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
John	O
Zachman	O
(	O
2012	O
)	O
declared	O
in	O
this	O
matter	O
,	O
that	O
"	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
people	O
define	O
business	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
differently	O
(	O
I	O
know	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
people	O
who	O
have	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
different	O
opinions	O
and	O
definitions	O
for	O
business	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Not	O
too	O
many	O
people	O
do	O
business	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
,	O
at	O
least	O
not	O
in	O
a	O
comprehensive	O
and	O
definitive	O
fashion	O
(	O
in	O
my	O
estimation	O
)	O
...	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
Ideas	O
and	O
definitions	O
about	O
business	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
originate	O
from	O
different	O
academic	O
sub	O
disciplines	O
,	O
where	O
the	O
concept	O
of	O
business	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
and	O
methods	O
and	O
techniques	O
are	O
developing	O
in	O
numerous	O
initiatives	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Software	B-General_Concept
engineering	I-General_Concept
,	O
information	O
engineering	O
,	O
information	B-Application
technology	I-Application
management	I-Application
,	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Enterprise	O
architecture	O
,	O
enterprise	B-Architecture
engineering	I-Architecture
,	O
enterprise	O
modeling	O
,	O
enterprise	O
ontology	O
,	O
enterprise	O
resource	O
planning	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Guitarte	O
(	O
2013	O
)	O
stipulated	O
,	O
that	O
also	O
different	O
types	O
of	O
organizations	O
have	O
been	O
active	O
,	O
and	O
created	O
a	O
so-called	O
"	O
business	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
vortex.	O
”	O
He	O
listed	O
four	O
types	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Conflicting	O
ideas	O
provide	O
opportunity	O
to	O
define	O
the	O
future	O
of	O
business	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
profession.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
Surveys	O
have	O
reported	O
a	O
growing	O
interest	O
of	O
management	O
in	O
business	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
on	O
universities	O
:	O
</s>
