<s>
Hangzhou	B-Device
Hikvision	I-Device
Digital	I-Device
Technology	I-Device
Co.	O
,	O
Ltd.	O
,	O
often	O
shortened	O
to	O
Hikvision	B-Device
,	O
is	O
a	O
Chinese	O
state-owned	O
manufacturer	O
and	O
supplier	O
of	O
video	O
surveillance	O
equipment	O
for	O
civilian	O
and	O
military	O
purposes	O
,	O
headquartered	O
in	O
Hangzhou	O
,	O
Zhejiang	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Hikvision	B-Device
was	O
founded	O
in	O
2001	O
by	O
Zhejiang	O
HIK	O
Information	O
Technology	O
Co.	O
,	O
Ltd	O
.	O
(	O
)	O
with	O
the	O
company	O
having	O
a	O
51%	O
stake	O
and	O
Gong	O
Hongjia	O
(	O
)	O
a	O
49%	O
stake	O
at	O
that	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Hikvision	B-Device
has	O
been	O
listed	O
on	O
the	O
Shenzhen	O
Stock	O
Exchange	O
since	O
2010	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
October	O
2016	O
,	O
the	O
company	O
concluded	O
a	O
deal	O
to	O
use	O
Movidius	O
 '	O
computer	B-Application
vision	I-Application
technology	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
May	O
2017	O
,	O
Hikvision	B-Device
established	O
Hikstorage	O
,	O
a	O
subsidiary	O
focused	O
on	O
the	O
production	O
of	O
storage	O
devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
January	O
2021	O
,	O
the	O
company	O
won	O
a	O
US$33million	O
,	O
1,900	O
-camera	O
smart	B-Device
city	I-Device
project	O
in	O
Shanghe	O
County	O
,	O
Shandong	O
that	O
includes	O
cameras	O
with	O
facial	O
recognition	O
and	O
license	B-Application
plate	I-Application
recognition	I-Application
technologies	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2021	O
,	O
Best	O
Buy	O
,	O
Home	O
Depot	O
,	O
and	O
Lowe	O
's	O
stopped	O
selling	O
cameras	O
from	O
Hikvision	B-Device
brand	O
Ezviz	B-Device
due	O
to	O
concerns	O
about	O
Hikvision	B-Device
's	O
complicity	O
in	O
surveillance	O
and	O
human	O
rights	O
violations	O
in	O
Xinjiang	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2022	O
,	O
Hikvision	B-Device
was	O
awarded	O
a	O
Chinese	O
government	O
contract	O
to	O
develop	O
software	O
to	O
track	O
"	O
key	O
people	O
"	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
prevent	O
them	O
from	O
entering	O
Beijing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
same	O
year	O
,	O
IPVM	O
also	O
reported	O
that	O
Hikvision	B-Device
has	O
specific	O
alarms	O
in	O
its	O
software	O
to	O
alert	O
Chinese	O
police	O
to	O
"	O
religion	O
,	O
Falun	O
Gong	O
,	O
and	O
various	O
protest	O
activities	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Amazon	B-Application
Web	I-Application
Services	I-Application
provides	O
cloud	O
services	O
to	O
Hikvision	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
January	O
2019	O
,	O
the	O
U.S.	O
government	O
began	O
considering	O
whether	O
it	O
should	O
sanction	O
Hikvision	B-Device
,	O
which	O
American	O
government	O
officials	O
described	O
as	O
having	O
"	O
provided	O
thousands	O
of	O
cameras	O
that	O
monitor	O
mosques	O
,	O
schools	O
,	O
and	O
concentration	O
camps	O
in	O
Xinjiang.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
U.S.	O
government	O
banned	O
Hikvision	B-Device
from	O
receiving	O
federal	O
government	O
contracts	O
in	O
August	O
2019	O
due	O
to	O
security	O
concerns	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
October	O
2019	O
,	O
Hikvision	B-Device
was	O
formally	O
placed	O
on	O
the	O
Entity	O
List	O
by	O
the	O
U.S.	O
government	O
,	O
which	O
stated	O
that	O
it	O
was	O
involved	O
in	O
surveillance	O
of	O
Uyghurs	O
in	O
Xinjiang	O
and	O
of	O
other	O
ethnic	O
and	O
religious	O
minorities	O
in	O
China	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Hikvision	B-Device
expressed	O
its	O
opposition	O
to	O
the	O
U.S.	O
decision	O
and	O
stated	O
that	O
they	O
believe	O
the	O
decision	O
had	O
no	O
factual	O
basis	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
response	O
to	O
the	O
bans	O
and	O
sanctions	O
,	O
Hikvision	B-Device
has	O
hired	O
former	O
U.S.	O
ambassador	O
Pierre-Richard	O
Prosper	O
"	O
to	O
advise	O
the	O
company	O
regarding	O
human	O
rights	O
compliance	O
"	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
numerous	O
lobbyists	O
,	O
including	O
former	O
U.S.	O
senators	O
David	O
Vitter	O
and	O
Barbara	O
Boxer	O
,	O
former	O
U.S.	O
congressman	O
Toby	O
Moffett	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
former	O
senior	O
OFAC	O
official	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
August	O
2020	O
,	O
the	O
Indian	O
government	O
banned	O
Hikvision	B-Device
from	O
bidding	O
in	O
government	O
tenders	O
and	O
also	O
required	O
removal	O
of	O
Hikvison	O
cameras	O
from	O
military	O
and	O
high-security	O
areas	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
April	O
2021	O
,	O
the	O
European	O
Parliament	O
confirmed	O
that	O
it	O
had	O
removed	O
Hikvision	B-Device
thermal	O
cameras	O
from	O
its	O
premises	O
following	O
the	O
approval	O
of	O
an	O
amendment	O
sponsored	O
by	O
Dutch	O
MEP	O
Lara	O
Wolters	O
calling	O
for	O
the	O
removal	O
of	O
"	O
all	O
of	O
Hikvision	B-Device
’s	O
thermal	O
cameras	O
from	O
Parliament	O
’s	O
premises	O
"	O
due	O
to	O
"	O
an	O
unacceptable	O
risk	O
that	O
Hikvision	B-Device
,	O
through	O
its	O
operations	O
in	O
Xinjiang	O
,	O
is	O
contributing	O
to	O
serious	O
human	O
rights	O
abuses.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
July	O
2021	O
,	O
the	O
UK	O
Foreign	O
Affairs	O
Select	O
Committee	O
published	O
a	O
report	O
stating	O
that	O
Hikvision	B-Device
cameras	O
"	O
have	O
been	O
deployed	O
throughout	O
Xinjiang	O
,	O
and	O
provide	O
the	O
primary	O
camera	O
technology	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
internment	O
camps	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
June	O
2022	O
,	O
documents	O
from	O
the	O
Xinjiang	O
Police	O
Files	O
showed	O
how	O
Hikvision	B-Device
technology	O
is	O
used	O
by	O
Xinjiang	O
police	O
to	O
surveil	O
all	O
Xinjiang	O
residents	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
June	O
2021	O
,	O
224	O
Hikvision	B-Device
products	O
were	O
banned	O
for	O
one	O
year	O
by	O
South	O
Korea	O
's	O
Ministry	O
of	O
Science	O
and	O
ICT	O
over	O
forged	O
test	O
reports	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
September	O
2021	O
,	O
the	O
Indian	O
Navy	O
's	O
headquarters	O
"	O
asked	O
its	O
all	O
formations	O
to	O
'	O
discontinue	O
 '	O
procurement	O
of	O
CCTV	O
cameras	O
and	O
surveillance	O
systems	O
from	O
Hikvision	B-Device
,	O
"	O
according	O
to	O
The	O
Week	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Week	O
also	O
reported	O
that	O
the	O
Indian	O
Navy	O
had	O
ordered	O
the	O
replacement	O
and	O
destruction	O
of	O
its	O
existing	O
Hikvision	B-Device
cameras	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
April	O
2022	O
,	O
the	O
UK	O
Department	O
of	O
Health	O
and	O
Social	O
Care	O
banned	O
the	O
purchase	O
of	O
Hikvision	B-Device
cameras	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
November	O
2022	O
,	O
the	O
UK	O
prohibited	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
Hikvision	B-Device
equipment	O
in	O
government	O
buildings	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
February	O
2023	O
,	O
Australia	O
's	O
Department	O
of	O
Defence	O
announced	O
that	O
it	O
will	O
remove	O
cameras	O
made	O
by	O
Hikvision	B-Device
from	O
its	O
buildings	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
November	O
2020	O
,	O
U.S.	O
President	O
Donald	O
Trump	O
issued	O
an	O
executive	O
order	O
prohibiting	O
any	O
American	O
company	O
or	O
individual	O
from	O
owning	O
shares	O
in	O
companies	O
that	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
Department	O
of	O
Defense	O
has	O
listed	O
as	O
having	O
links	O
to	O
the	O
People	O
's	O
Liberation	O
Army	O
,	O
which	O
included	O
Hikvision	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
December	O
2020	O
,	O
Hikvision	B-Device
was	O
removed	O
from	O
FTSE	O
Russell	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Senator	O
Barbara	O
Boxer	O
(	O
D-CA	O
)	O
after	O
she	O
registered	O
as	O
a	O
foreign	O
agent	O
for	O
Hikvision	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
March	O
2021	O
,	O
the	O
Federal	O
Communications	O
Commission	O
(	O
FCC	O
)	O
declared	O
that	O
Hikvision	B-Device
services	O
and	O
equipment	O
"	O
pose	O
an	O
unacceptable	O
risk	O
to	O
U.S.	O
national	O
security.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
November	O
2022	O
,	O
the	O
FCC	O
banned	O
sales	O
or	O
import	O
of	O
equipment	O
made	O
by	O
Hikvision	B-Device
for	O
national	O
security	O
reasons	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
March	O
2023	O
,	O
four	O
Hikvision	B-Device
subsidiaries	O
were	O
added	O
to	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
Department	O
of	O
Commerce	O
's	O
Entity	O
List	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Hikvision	B-Device
was	O
owned	O
by	O
China	O
Electronics	O
Technology	O
HIK	O
Group	O
Co.	O
,	O
Ltd	O
.	O
(	O
HIK	O
Group	O
,	O
)	O
,	O
a	O
wholly	O
owned	O
subsidiary	O
of	O
China	O
Electronics	O
Technology	O
Group	O
,	O
which	O
has	O
a	O
39.59	O
%	O
stake	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
China	O
Electronics	O
Technology	O
Group	O
holds	O
an	O
additional	O
1.96	O
%	O
stake	O
of	O
Hikvision	B-Device
via	O
its	O
52nd	O
research	O
institute	O
(	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Chairman	O
of	O
Hikvision	B-Device
,	O
Chen	O
Zongnian	O
(	O
)	O
,	O
is	O
also	O
the	O
chairman	O
and	O
the	O
Party	O
Committee	O
Secretary	O
of	O
HIK	O
Group	O
,	O
and	O
Head	O
of	O
the	O
aforementioned	O
research	O
institute	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
12	O
2019	O
Fidelity	O
International	O
was	O
also	O
a	O
major	O
investor	O
in	O
Hikvision	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2017	O
,	O
the	O
third	O
largest	O
shareholder	O
was	O
a	O
private	O
equity	O
fund	O
(	O
)	O
which	O
had	O
a	O
7%	O
stake	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
then	O
Hikvision	B-Device
general	O
manager	O
Hu	O
Yangzhong	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
According	O
to	O
previous	O
filing	O
,	O
"	O
Xinjian	O
Weixun	O
"	O
was	O
also	O
associated	O
with	O
Liu	O
Xiang	O
(	O
)	O
,	O
former	O
director	O
(	O
from	O
2015	O
to	O
March	O
2018	O
)	O
and	O
former	O
deputy	O
general	O
manager	O
of	O
Hikvision	B-Device
,	O
then	O
deputy	O
general	O
manager	O
of	O
HIK	O
Group	O
,	O
chairman	O
of	O
sister	O
listed	O
company	O
Phenix	O
Optical	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2021	O
,	O
IPVM	O
alleged	O
that	O
Hikvision	B-Device
was	O
created	O
and	O
controlled	O
by	O
the	O
Chinese	O
government	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2015	O
,	O
IPVM	O
criticized	O
Hikvision	B-Device
for	O
allegedly	O
obscuring	O
its	O
Chinese	O
government	O
ownership	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Jeffrey	O
He	O
,	O
president	O
of	O
Hikvision	B-Device
North	O
America	O
,	O
had	O
criticized	O
the	O
online	O
blogger	O
site	O
for	O
allegedly	O
seeking	O
financial	O
gain	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Alan	O
West	O
,	O
in	O
a	O
2016	O
interview	O
published	O
by	O
The	O
Times	O
(	O
and	O
re-published	O
by	O
The	O
Australian	O
)	O
,	O
suggested	O
that	O
Hikvision	B-Device
's	O
ownership	O
raised	O
ethical	O
and	O
security	O
concerns	O
when	O
it	O
came	O
to	O
the	O
usage	O
of	O
Hikvision	B-Device
's	O
products	O
by	O
the	O
British	O
government	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
May	O
2017	O
,	O
seven	O
series	O
of	O
Hikvision	B-Device
cameras	O
were	O
affected	O
by	O
an	O
improper	O
authentication	O
vulnerability	O
which	O
,	O
if	O
exploited	O
,	O
could	O
allow	O
"	O
a	O
malicious	O
attacker	O
 [ to ] 	O
escalat[e]	O
his	O
or	O
her	O
privileges	O
or	O
assum[e]	O
the	O
identity	O
of	O
an	O
authenticated	O
user	O
and	O
 [ obtain ] 	O
sensitive	O
data	O
,	O
"	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
U.S.	O
Cybersecurity	O
and	O
Infrastructure	O
Security	O
Agency	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
May	O
2021	O
,	O
Italian	O
public	O
broadcaster	O
RAI	O
reported	O
that	O
Hikvision	B-Device
cameras	O
automatically	O
"	O
opened	O
communication	O
channels	O
with	O
addresses	O
registered	O
in	O
China	O
"	O
once	O
connected	O
to	O
the	O
internet	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Hikvision	B-Device
declined	O
to	O
comment	O
on	O
the	O
RAI	O
investigation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
September	O
2021	O
,	O
Hikvision	B-Device
announced	O
a	O
command	O
injection	O
vulnerability	O
with	O
the	O
CVE-ID	O
CVE-2021-36260	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Forbes	O
reported	O
that	O
the	O
vulnerability	O
,	O
which	O
has	O
a	O
CVSS	O
base	O
score	O
of	O
9.8	O
out	O
of	O
10	O
,	O
left	O
dozens	O
of	O
Hikvision	B-Device
camera	O
models	O
"	O
susceptible	O
to	O
remote	O
hijacking	O
"	O
without	O
requiring	O
a	O
username	O
or	O
password	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2022	O
,	O
Axios	O
reported	O
that	O
Hikvision	B-Device
had	O
hired	O
FTI	O
Consulting	O
to	O
conduct	O
cybersecurity	O
audits	O
of	O
its	O
products	O
.	O
</s>
