<s>
The	O
HP	O
9800	O
is	O
a	O
family	O
of	O
what	O
were	O
initially	O
called	O
programmable	O
calculators	B-Application
and	O
later	O
desktop	B-Device
computers	I-Device
that	O
were	O
made	O
by	O
Hewlett-Packard	O
,	O
replacing	O
their	O
first	O
HP	B-Device
9100	I-Device
calculator	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
HP	O
9820A	O
,	O
introduced	O
in	O
1972	O
,	O
was	O
the	O
first	O
HP	O
model	O
that	O
deals	O
with	O
algebraic	O
input	O
(	O
not	O
only	O
RPN	O
)	O
featured	O
a	O
high	O
level	O
language	O
simpler	O
than	O
BASIC	O
that	O
was	O
later	O
named	O
high	B-Device
performance	I-Device
language	I-Device
(	O
HPL	O
)	O
,	O
</s>
<s>
HP	O
9821A	O
,	O
similar	O
to	O
the	O
HP	O
9820A	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
with	O
Compact	B-Device
Cassette	I-Device
tape	I-Device
drive	O
with	O
clear	O
leaders	O
instead	O
of	O
using	O
magnetic	O
cards	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HP	O
9830A	O
,	O
introduced	O
in	O
1972	O
,	O
was	O
the	O
top	O
of	O
the	O
9800	O
line	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
addition	O
of	O
a	O
BASIC	B-Language
interpreter	I-Language
in	O
read-only	B-Device
memory	I-Device
(	O
ROM	B-Device
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HP	O
itself	O
referred	O
to	O
it	O
as	O
a	O
"	O
calculator	B-Application
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HP	O
9805A	O
,	O
the	O
least	O
expensive	O
model	O
using	O
the	O
same	O
chassis	O
as	O
the	O
HP46	O
(	O
scientific	O
)	O
and	O
HP81	O
(	O
business	O
)	O
pocket	O
calculators	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
was	O
a	O
Programmable	O
Calculator	B-Application
and	O
had	O
plug-in	O
personality	O
modules	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HP	B-Device
9845	I-Device
introduced	O
first	O
as	O
a	O
monochrome	O
(	O
9845A/S	O
)	O
,	O
then	O
a	O
high-performance	O
monochrome	O
(	O
9845B/T	O
)	O
and	O
a	O
high	O
performance	O
color	O
(	O
9845C/T	O
)	O
model	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
the	O
98x5	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
exception	O
of	O
the	O
9805	O
,	O
used	O
DC200	O
cartridge	O
tapes	O
,	O
instead	O
of	O
cassette	B-Device
tapes	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
HP	O
9800	O
series	O
were	O
developed	O
by	O
HP	O
's	O
Loveland	O
division	O
(	O
Calculator	B-Application
Products	O
Division	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
later	O
Fort	O
Collins	O
division	O
(	O
Desktop	B-Device
Computer	I-Device
Division	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Early	O
desktop	B-Device
computers	I-Device
were	O
marketed	O
as	O
"	O
Calculators	B-Application
"	O
to	O
make	O
purchasing	O
easier	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
spawned	O
development	O
of	O
HP	B-Device
series	I-Device
80	I-Device
,	O
namely	O
HP	B-Device
85	I-Device
and	O
HP	B-Device
87	I-Device
,	O
that	O
were	O
smaller	O
BASIC	O
language	O
computers	O
with	O
CRT	O
displays	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
a	O
short	O
time	O
in	O
the	O
late	O
1970s	O
and	O
early	O
1980s	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
class	O
of	O
similar	O
desktop	B-Device
computers	I-Device
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
Tektronix	O
4051	O
,	O
IBM	B-Device
5100	I-Device
and	O
Wang	B-Language
2200	I-Language
-	O
before	O
they	O
were	O
replaced	O
in	O
the	O
marketplace	O
by	O
personal	B-Device
computers	I-Device
such	O
as	O
the	O
Apple	O
and	O
IBM	O
PC	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
9830s	O
were	O
built	O
with	O
a	O
processor	O
similar	O
in	O
architecture	O
to	O
the	O
HP	O
1000/2100	O
series	O
minicomputer	B-Architecture
with	O
16-bit	O
memory	O
address	O
,	O
and	O
an	O
AX	O
and	O
BX	O
general	O
processor	B-General_Concept
register	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
ran	O
at	O
a	O
speed	O
comparable	O
to	O
the	O
first	O
IBM	O
PCs	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Because	O
programs	O
were	O
designed	O
to	O
run	O
from	O
ROM	B-Device
(	O
read	B-Device
only	I-Device
memory	I-Device
)	O
the	O
call	O
subroutine	O
instruction	O
had	O
to	O
be	O
changed	O
because	O
in	O
the	O
HP211x	O
the	O
return	O
location	O
was	O
written	O
in	O
the	O
first	O
location	O
of	O
the	O
subroutine	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
computer	O
controlled	O
cassette	O
drive	O
using	O
audio	B-Device
cassettes	I-Device
with	O
clear	O
leaders	O
for	O
optical	O
detection	O
of	O
end	O
of	O
tape	O
was	O
used	O
for	O
storage	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
the	O
processor	O
used	O
was	O
only	O
a	O
slight	O
adaptation	O
from	O
that	O
used	O
on	O
HP	O
minicomputers	B-Architecture
,	O
the	O
system	O
software	O
would	O
be	O
completely	O
redesigned	O
for	O
a	O
computer	O
with	O
its	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
and	O
language	O
system	O
built	O
into	O
read-only	B-Device
memory	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
BASIC	O
was	O
similar	O
to	O
FORTRAN	B-Application
used	O
by	O
engineers	O
on	O
the	O
HP	B-Device
1000	I-Device
minicomputer	B-Architecture
,	O
but	O
much	O
simpler	O
to	O
use	O
as	O
an	O
interpreted	O
language	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Two	O
rows	O
of	O
user-defined	O
function	B-Application
keys	I-Application
with	O
paper	O
labels	O
were	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
earliest	O
implementation	O
of	O
general	O
function	B-Application
keys	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
would	O
be	O
the	O
basis	O
for	O
later	O
screen	B-General_Concept
labeled	I-General_Concept
function	I-General_Concept
keys	I-General_Concept
used	O
in	O
later	O
Hewlett	O
Packard	O
(	O
and	O
IBM	O
)	O
terminals	O
and	O
computers	O
,	O
and	O
now	O
widely	O
adopted	O
in	O
calculators	B-Application
,	O
bank	O
terminals	O
,	O
and	O
gas	O
pumps	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
programmable	O
in	O
BASIC	O
,	O
which	O
could	O
be	O
extended	O
with	O
ROMs	B-Device
to	O
do	O
graphics	O
plotting	O
,	O
matrix	O
math	O
and	O
string	O
variables	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ROM	B-Device
cartridges	O
were	O
designed	O
to	O
extend	O
the	O
BASIC	O
language	O
,	O
and	O
were	O
very	O
similar	O
to	O
the	O
cartridges	O
later	O
used	O
by	O
video	O
game	O
consoles	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Plotter	O
ROM	B-Device
added	O
commands	O
which	O
made	O
creating	O
a	O
chart	O
much	O
more	O
simple	O
than	O
is	O
possible	O
with	O
C++	O
or	O
C#	O
,	O
and	O
used	O
either	O
user	O
or	O
world	O
coordinates	O
rather	O
than	O
integer	O
plotter	O
units	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
commands	O
would	O
later	O
become	O
the	O
basis	O
for	O
the	O
device-independent	O
HP	O
AGL	O
graphics	O
language	O
standard	O
implemented	O
on	O
other	O
HP	O
computers	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
HP	B-Device
1000	I-Device
minicomputer	B-Architecture
and	O
HP	B-General_Concept
2647	I-General_Concept
intelligent	O
graphics	O
terminal	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Also	O
available	O
for	O
programming	O
the	O
HP	O
9800	O
series	O
was	O
a	O
bootable	O
development	O
environment	O
based	O
on	O
UCSD	B-Language
Pascal	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Data	O
Terminals	O
Division	O
also	O
produced	O
a	O
BASIC	O
programmable	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
HP2640	B-General_Concept
series	O
terminal	O
,	O
the	O
HP	O
2647a	O
,	O
which	O
also	O
featured	O
AGL	O
,	O
an	O
HP	O
standardization	O
of	O
the	O
HP	O
9830	O
plotter	O
commands	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HP	B-General_Concept
2647	I-General_Concept
BASIC	O
was	O
essentially	O
Microsoft	O
BASIC	O
with	O
HP	O
9830-style	O
plotting	O
commands	O
added	O
,	O
and	O
was	O
one	O
of	O
Microsoft	O
's	O
first	O
big	O
contracts	O
with	O
a	O
mainstream	O
computer	O
company	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
HP	O
9835	O
was	O
also	O
used	O
as	O
the	O
basis	O
for	O
a	O
business	O
computing	O
system	O
,	O
and	O
later	O
the	O
HP	B-Device
250	I-Device
which	O
lives	O
on	O
as	O
an	O
application	O
platform	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1979	O
the	O
85	O
,	O
the	O
first	O
of	O
the	O
80	B-Device
series	I-Device
of	O
personal	O
desktop	O
scientific	O
computers	O
,	O
was	O
produced	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
had	O
a	O
powerful	O
BASIC	B-Language
interpreter	I-Language
,	O
and	O
was	O
affordable	O
by	O
individuals	O
whose	O
employers	O
might	O
have	O
expensive	O
9845s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
That	O
division	O
evolved	O
to	O
produce	O
UNIX	B-Application
HP	B-Device
9000	I-Device
series	O
workstations	O
,	O
also	O
acquiring	O
the	O
Apollo	O
Computer	O
Company	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HP	O
Basic	O
would	O
later	O
evolve	O
into	O
Rocky	B-Language
Mountain	I-Language
BASIC	I-Language
for	O
workstations	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
still	O
in	O
use	O
today	O
to	O
support	O
legacy	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
