<s>
Hardware	B-Application
interface	I-Application
design	I-Application
(	O
HID	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
cross-disciplinary	O
design	O
field	O
that	O
shapes	O
the	O
physical	O
connection	O
between	O
people	O
and	O
technology	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
create	O
new	O
hardware	B-Application
interfaces	I-Application
that	O
transform	O
purely	O
digital	O
processes	O
into	O
analog	O
methods	O
of	O
interaction	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Through	O
this	O
parallel	O
visualization	O
and	O
development	O
,	O
hardware	B-Application
interface	I-Application
designers	I-Application
are	O
able	O
to	O
shape	O
a	O
cohesive	O
vision	O
alongside	O
business	O
and	O
engineering	O
that	O
more	O
deeply	O
embeds	O
design	O
throughout	O
every	O
stage	O
of	O
the	O
product	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
development	O
of	O
hardware	B-Application
interfaces	I-Application
as	O
a	O
field	O
continues	O
to	O
mature	O
as	O
more	O
things	O
connect	O
to	O
the	O
internet	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Hardware	B-Application
interface	I-Application
designers	I-Application
draw	O
upon	O
industrial	O
design	O
,	O
interaction	B-General_Concept
design	I-General_Concept
and	O
electrical	O
engineering	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Interface	O
elements	O
include	O
touchscreens	B-Device
,	O
knobs	O
,	O
buttons	O
,	O
sliders	O
and	O
switches	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
input	O
sensors	O
such	O
as	O
microphones	O
,	O
cameras	O
,	O
and	O
accelerometers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
last	O
decade	O
a	O
trend	O
had	O
evolved	O
in	O
the	O
area	O
of	O
human-machine-communication	O
,	O
taking	O
the	O
user	B-Application
experience	I-Application
from	O
haptic	O
,	O
tactile	O
and	O
acoustic	O
interfaces	O
to	O
a	O
more	O
digitally	O
graphical	O
approach	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Important	O
tasks	O
that	O
had	O
been	O
assigned	O
to	O
the	O
industrial	O
designers	O
so	O
far	O
,	O
had	O
instead	O
been	O
moved	O
into	O
fields	O
like	O
UI	O
and	O
UX	B-Application
design	I-Application
and	O
usability	B-General_Concept
engineering	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Even	O
though	O
the	O
resolution	O
of	O
new	O
screens	O
is	O
constantly	O
rising	O
,	O
you	O
can	O
see	O
a	O
change	O
of	O
direction	O
away	O
from	O
the	O
descriptive	O
intuitive	O
design	O
to	O
natural	O
interface	O
strategies	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
learnable	O
habits	O
(	O
Google	O
’s	O
Material	B-Application
Design	I-Application
,	O
Apple	O
’s	O
iOS	B-Application
flat	O
design	O
,	O
Microsoft	O
’s	O
Metro	O
Design	O
Language	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Hardware	B-Application
interface	I-Application
design	I-Application
solves	O
this	O
by	O
taking	O
physical	O
forms	O
and	O
objects	O
and	O
connecting	O
them	O
with	O
digital	O
information	O
to	O
have	O
the	O
user	O
control	O
virtual	O
data	O
flow	O
through	O
grasping	O
,	O
moving	O
and	O
manipulating	O
the	O
used	O
physical	O
forms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
If	O
you	O
see	O
the	O
classic	O
industrial	O
hardware	B-Application
interface	I-Application
design	I-Application
as	O
an	O
“	O
analog	O
”	O
method	O
,	O
it	O
finds	O
its	O
digital	O
counterpart	O
in	O
the	O
HID	O
approach	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Example	O
hardware	B-Application
interfaces	I-Application
include	O
a	O
computer	B-Device
mouse	I-Device
,	O
TV	O
remote	O
control	O
,	O
kitchen	O
timer	O
,	O
control	O
panel	O
for	O
a	O
nuclear	O
power	O
plant	O
and	O
an	O
aircraft	O
cockpit	O
.	O
</s>
