<s>
(	O
In	O
the	O
automation	B-Application
and	O
engineering	O
environments	O
,	O
the	O
hardware	B-Architecture
engineer	I-Architecture
or	O
architect	O
encompasses	O
the	O
electronics	O
engineering	O
and	O
electrical	O
engineering	O
fields	O
,	O
with	O
subspecialities	O
in	O
analog	O
,	O
digital	B-General_Concept
,	O
or	O
electromechanical	O
systems	O
.	O
)	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
hardware	B-Architecture
systems	I-Architecture
architect	I-Architecture
or	O
hardware	B-Architecture
architect	I-Architecture
is	O
responsible	O
for	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
extraordinarily	O
rare	O
nowadays	O
for	O
sufficiently	O
large	O
and/or	O
complex	O
hardware	O
systems	O
that	O
require	O
a	O
hardware	B-Architecture
architect	I-Architecture
not	O
to	O
require	O
substantial	O
software	O
and	O
a	O
systems	O
architect	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
hardware	B-Architecture
architect	I-Architecture
will	O
therefore	O
normally	O
interface	O
with	O
a	O
systems	O
architect	O
,	O
rather	O
than	O
directly	O
with	O
user(s )	O
,	O
sponsor(s )	O
,	O
or	O
other	O
client	O
stakeholders	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
a	O
systems	O
architect	O
,	O
the	O
hardware	B-Architecture
systems	I-Architecture
architect	I-Architecture
must	O
be	O
prepared	O
to	O
interface	O
directly	O
with	O
the	O
client	O
stakeholders	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
determine	O
their	O
(	O
evolving	O
)	O
needs	O
to	O
be	O
realized	O
in	O
hardware	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
hardware	B-Architecture
architect	I-Architecture
may	O
also	O
need	O
to	O
interface	O
directly	O
with	O
a	O
software	B-Architecture
architect	I-Architecture
or	O
engineer(s )	O
,	O
or	O
with	O
other	O
mechanical	O
or	O
electrical	O
engineers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Developing	O
partitioning	O
algorithms	O
(	O
and	O
other	O
processes	O
)	O
to	O
allocate	B-General_Concept
all	O
present	O
and	O
foreseeable	O
(	O
hardware	O
)	O
requirements	O
into	O
discrete	O
hardware	O
partitions	O
such	O
that	O
a	O
minimum	O
of	O
communications	O
is	O
needed	O
among	O
partitions	O
,	O
and	O
between	O
the	O
user	O
and	O
the	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Partitioning	O
large	O
hardware	O
systems	O
into	O
(	O
successive	O
layers	O
of	O
)	O
subsystems	O
and	O
components	O
each	O
of	O
which	O
can	O
be	O
handled	O
by	O
a	O
single	O
hardware	B-Architecture
engineer	I-Architecture
or	O
team	O
of	O
engineers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Generating	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
acceptance	O
test	O
requirements	O
,	O
together	O
with	O
the	O
designers	O
,	O
test	O
engineers	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
user	O
,	O
which	O
determine	O
that	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
high	O
level	O
hardware	O
requirements	O
have	O
been	O
met	O
,	O
especially	O
for	O
the	O
computer-human-interface	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Generating	O
products	O
such	O
as	O
sketches	O
,	O
models	B-Application
,	O
an	O
early	O
user	O
's	O
manual	O
,	O
and	O
prototypes	O
to	O
keep	O
the	O
user	O
and	O
the	O
engineers	O
constantly	O
up	O
to	O
date	O
and	O
in	O
agreement	O
on	O
the	O
system	O
to	O
be	O
provided	O
as	O
it	O
is	O
evolving	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Large	O
systems	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
was	O
developed	O
as	O
a	O
way	O
to	O
handle	O
systems	O
too	O
large	O
for	O
one	O
person	O
to	O
conceive	O
of	O
,	O
let	O
alone	O
design	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
hardware	B-Architecture
architect	I-Architecture
must	O
remain	O
constantly	O
in	O
communication	O
with	O
the	O
end	O
users	O
(	O
or	O
a	O
systems	O
architect	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
user	O
requirements	O
 '	O
specification	B-Application
should	O
be	O
a	O
joint	O
product	O
of	O
the	O
user	O
and	O
hardware	B-Architecture
architect	I-Architecture
(	O
or	O
,	O
the	O
systems	O
and	O
hardware	B-Architecture
architects	I-Architecture
)	O
:	O
the	O
user	O
brings	O
his	O
needs	O
and	O
wish	O
list	O
,	O
the	O
architect	O
brings	O
knowledge	O
of	O
what	O
is	O
likely	O
to	O
prove	O
doable	O
within	O
cost	O
and	O
time	O
constraints	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
development	O
of	O
the	O
first	O
level	O
of	O
hardware	O
engineering	O
requirements	O
is	O
not	O
a	O
purely	O
analytical	O
exercise	O
and	O
should	O
also	O
involve	O
both	O
the	O
hardware	B-Architecture
architect	I-Architecture
and	O
engineer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
architect	O
is	O
primarily	O
concerned	O
with	O
the	O
comfort	O
and	O
usability	B-General_Concept
of	O
the	O
product	O
;	O
the	O
engineer	O
is	O
primarily	O
concerned	O
with	O
the	O
producibility	O
and	O
utility	O
of	O
the	O
product	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
Hardware	O
architecture	O
is	O
also	O
a	O
simplified	O
model	O
of	O
the	O
finished	O
end	O
product	O
—	O
its	O
primary	O
function	O
is	O
to	O
define	O
the	O
hardware	O
components	O
and	O
their	O
relationships	O
to	O
each	O
other	O
so	O
that	O
the	O
whole	O
can	O
be	O
seen	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
consistent	O
,	O
complete	O
,	O
and	O
correct	O
representation	O
of	O
what	O
the	O
user	O
had	O
in	O
mind	O
—	O
especially	O
for	O
the	O
computer	O
–	O
human	B-Application
interface	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
principally	O
captured	O
in	O
the	O
computer	O
–	O
human	B-Application
interfaces	I-Application
(	O
CHI	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
engineered	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
hardware	B-Architecture
architect	I-Architecture
is	O
expected	O
to	O
combine	O
knowledge	O
of	O
both	O
the	O
architecture	O
of	O
the	O
user	O
's	O
world	O
and	O
of	O
(	O
all	O
potentially	O
useful	O
)	O
hardware	O
engineering	O
architectures	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
hardware	B-Architecture
engineers	I-Architecture
are	O
specialists	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Hardware	B-Architecture
architects	I-Architecture
are	O
generalists	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Or	O
,	O
s/he	O
may	O
still	O
need	O
the	O
help	O
of	O
a	O
hardware	B-Architecture
engineer	I-Architecture
to	O
select	O
components	O
and	O
to	O
design	O
and	O
build	O
any	O
special	O
purpose	O
function	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
If	O
the	O
engineered	O
system	O
is	O
large	O
and	O
complex	O
enough	O
,	O
the	O
chief	O
hardware	B-Architecture
systems	I-Architecture
architect	I-Architecture
may	O
defer	O
to	O
subordinate	O
architects	O
for	O
parts	O
of	O
the	O
job	O
,	O
although	O
they	O
all	O
may	O
be	O
members	O
of	O
a	O
joint	O
architectural	O
team	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
architect	O
should	O
sub-allocate	O
the	O
hardware	O
requirements	O
to	O
major	O
components	O
or	O
subsystems	O
that	O
are	O
within	O
the	O
scope	O
of	O
a	O
single	O
hardware	B-Architecture
engineer	I-Architecture
,	O
or	O
engineering	O
manager	O
or	O
subordinate	O
architect	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
architect	O
will	O
use	O
a	O
minimum	O
of	O
rules	O
to	O
ensure	O
that	O
each	O
partition	O
is	O
well-defined	O
and	O
clean	O
of	O
kludges	B-Architecture
,	O
work-arounds	B-Application
,	O
short-cuts	O
,	O
or	O
confusing	O
detail	O
and	O
exceptions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
building	O
architect	O
uses	O
sketches	O
,	O
models	B-Application
,	O
drawings	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
hardware	B-Architecture
systems	I-Architecture
architect	I-Architecture
should	O
use	O
sketches	O
,	O
models	B-Application
,	O
and	O
prototypes	O
to	O
discuss	O
different	O
solutions	O
and	O
results	O
with	O
the	O
user	O
or	O
system	O
architect	O
,	O
engineers	O
,	O
and	O
subordinate	O
architects	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
well	O
written	O
set	O
of	O
requirements	O
,	O
or	O
specification	B-Application
,	O
is	O
intelligible	O
only	O
to	O
the	O
engineering	O
fraternity	O
,	O
much	O
as	O
a	O
legal	O
contract	O
is	O
for	O
lawyers	O
.	O
</s>
