<s>
In	O
information	O
handling	O
,	O
the	O
U.S.	O
Federal	O
Standard	O
1037C	O
(	O
Glossary	O
of	O
Telecommunication	O
Terms	O
)	O
defines	O
a	O
hard	B-General_Concept
copy	I-General_Concept
as	O
a	O
permanent	O
reproduction	O
,	O
or	O
copy	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
form	O
of	O
a	O
physical	O
object	O
,	O
of	O
any	O
media	O
suitable	O
for	O
direct	O
use	O
by	O
a	O
person	O
(	O
in	O
particular	O
paper	O
)	O
,	O
of	O
displayed	O
or	O
transmitted	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Examples	O
of	O
hard	B-General_Concept
copies	I-General_Concept
include	O
teleprinter	O
pages	O
,	O
continuous	O
printed	O
tapes	O
,	O
computer	O
printouts	B-General_Concept
,	O
and	O
radio	O
photo	O
prints	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
the	O
other	O
hand	O
,	O
physical	O
objects	O
such	O
as	O
magnetic	O
tapes	O
,	O
floppy	B-Device
disks	I-Device
,	O
or	O
non-printed	O
punched	O
paper	O
tapes	O
are	O
not	O
defined	O
as	O
hard	B-General_Concept
copies	I-General_Concept
by	O
1037C	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
file	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
viewed	O
without	O
printing	O
on	O
a	O
screen	O
is	O
sometimes	O
called	O
a	O
soft	B-General_Concept
copy	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
U.S.	O
Federal	O
Standard	O
1037C	O
defines	O
"	O
soft	B-General_Concept
copy	I-General_Concept
"	O
as	O
"	O
a	O
nonpermanent	O
display	O
image	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
a	O
cathode	O
ray	O
tube	O
display.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
term	O
"	O
hard	B-General_Concept
copy	I-General_Concept
"	O
predates	O
the	O
digital	O
computer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
book	O
and	O
newspaper	O
printing	O
process	O
,	O
"	O
hard	B-General_Concept
copy	I-General_Concept
"	O
refers	O
to	O
a	O
manuscript	O
or	O
typewritten	O
document	O
that	O
has	O
been	O
edited	O
and	O
proofread	O
and	O
is	O
ready	O
for	O
typesetting	O
or	O
being	O
read	O
on-air	O
in	O
a	O
radio	O
or	O
television	O
broadcast	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
old	O
meaning	O
of	O
hard	B-General_Concept
copy	I-General_Concept
was	O
mostly	O
discarded	O
after	O
the	O
information	O
revolution	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Copies	O
of	O
various	O
system	O
and	O
server	O
activity	O
logs	O
are	O
typically	O
stored	O
on	O
the	O
local	O
filesystem	B-Application
,	O
where	O
a	O
remote	O
attacker	O
–	O
having	O
achieved	O
their	O
primary	O
goals	O
–	O
can	O
then	O
alter	O
or	O
delete	O
the	O
contents	O
of	O
the	O
logs	O
in	O
an	O
attempt	O
to	O
"	O
cover	O
their	O
tracks	O
"	O
or	O
otherwise	O
thwart	O
the	O
efforts	O
of	O
system	O
administrators	O
and	O
security	O
experts	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
if	O
the	O
log	O
entries	O
are	O
simultaneously	O
given	O
to	O
a	O
printer	O
,	O
line-by-line	O
,	O
a	O
local	O
hard-copy	B-General_Concept
record	O
of	O
system	O
activity	O
is	O
created	O
–	O
which	O
cannot	O
be	O
remotely	O
altered	O
or	O
otherwise	O
manipulated	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
saying	O
from	O
the	O
Jargon	O
File	O
is	O
that	O
"	O
You	O
ca	O
n't	O
grep	B-Application
dead	O
trees	O
"	O
,	O
which	O
comes	O
from	O
the	O
Unix	B-Application
command	O
,	O
which	O
searches	O
the	O
contents	O
of	O
text	O
files	O
.	O
</s>
