<s>
HandBrake	B-Language
is	O
a	O
free	B-License
and	I-License
open-source	I-License
transcoder	B-Algorithm
for	O
digital	O
video	O
files	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
originally	O
developed	O
in	O
2003	O
by	O
Eric	O
Petit	O
to	O
make	O
ripping	O
DVDs	O
to	O
a	O
data	B-General_Concept
storage	I-General_Concept
device	I-General_Concept
easier	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HandBrake	B-Language
's	O
backend	B-Architecture
contains	O
comparatively	O
little	O
original	O
code	O
;	O
the	O
program	O
is	O
an	O
integration	O
of	O
many	O
third-party	B-General_Concept
audio	O
and	O
video	O
libraries	B-Library
,	O
both	O
codecs	B-General_Concept
(	O
such	O
as	O
FFmpeg	B-Library
,	O
x264	B-Language
,	O
and	O
x265	B-Language
)	O
and	O
other	O
components	O
such	O
as	O
video	O
deinterlacers	O
(	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
"	O
filters	O
"	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
are	O
collected	O
in	O
such	O
a	O
manner	O
to	O
make	O
their	O
use	O
more	O
effective	O
and	O
accessible	O
(	O
e.g.	O
,	O
so	O
that	O
a	O
user	O
does	O
not	O
have	O
to	O
transcode	B-Algorithm
a	O
video	O
's	O
audio	O
and	O
visual	O
components	O
in	O
separate	O
steps	O
,	O
or	O
with	O
inaccessible	O
command-line	B-Application
utilities	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HandBrake	B-Language
clients	O
are	O
available	O
for	O
Linux	B-Application
,	O
macOS	B-Application
,	O
and	O
Windows	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
HandBrake	B-Language
was	O
originally	O
developed	O
by	O
Eric	O
Petit	O
in	O
2003	O
as	O
software	O
for	O
BeOS	B-Application
,	O
before	O
porting	O
it	O
to	O
other	O
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
He	O
continued	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
primary	O
developer	O
until	O
April	O
2006	O
,	O
when	O
the	O
last	O
official	O
Subversion	B-Application
revision	O
was	O
committed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Petit	O
continued	O
to	O
be	O
active	O
on	O
the	O
HandBrake	B-Language
forum	O
for	O
a	O
brief	O
period	O
after	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
From	O
May	O
–	O
June	O
2006	O
,	O
no	O
one	O
in	O
the	O
HandBrake	B-Language
community	O
was	O
successful	O
in	O
contacting	O
Petit	O
,	O
and	O
no	O
further	O
code	O
changes	O
were	O
officially	O
made	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
September	O
2006	O
,	O
Rodney	O
Hester	O
and	O
Chris	O
Long	O
had	O
been	O
independently	O
working	O
to	O
extract	O
the	O
H.264	B-Application
video	O
compression	O
format	O
from	O
Apple	O
's	O
iPod	B-Device
firmware	O
(	O
1.2	O
)	O
through	O
reverse	O
engineering	O
before	O
meeting	O
on	O
the	O
HandBrake	B-Language
forum	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
their	O
work	O
was	O
complementary	O
,	O
they	O
began	O
working	O
together	O
to	O
develop	O
an	O
unstable	O
,	O
but	O
still	O
compilable	O
,	O
release	O
of	O
HandBrake	B-Language
supporting	O
the	O
H.264	B-Application
format	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Hester	O
and	O
Long	O
made	O
progress	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
stability	O
,	O
functionality	O
,	O
and	O
look	B-Application
and	I-Application
feel	I-Application
,	O
but	O
it	O
was	O
not	O
possible	O
to	O
submit	O
their	O
patch	O
to	O
the	O
HandBrake	B-Language
subversion	B-Application
repository	O
without	O
authorisation	O
from	O
Petit	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unable	O
to	O
submit	O
their	O
revisions	O
as	O
a	O
successor	O
to	O
HandBrake	B-Language
,	O
Hester	O
created	O
a	O
subversion	B-Application
repository	O
mirroring	O
HandBrake	B-Language
's	O
final	O
subversion	B-Application
(	O
0.7.1	O
)	O
on	O
the	O
HandBrake	B-Language
website	O
and	O
began	O
development	O
on	O
top	O
of	O
that	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Hester	O
and	O
Long	O
named	O
the	O
new	O
project	O
MediaFork	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Plans	O
were	O
then	O
made	O
to	O
reintegrate	O
MediaFork	B-Language
as	O
a	O
direct	O
successor	O
to	O
HandBrake	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
MediaFork	B-Language
website	O
and	O
forums	O
were	O
moved	O
to	O
HandBrake	B-Language
's	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
next	O
release	O
was	O
officially	O
named	O
HandBrake	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
24	O
December	O
2016	O
after	O
more	O
than	O
13	O
years	O
of	O
development	O
,	O
HandBrake	B-Language
1.0.0	O
was	O
released	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
is	O
another	O
transcoder	B-Algorithm
,	O
called	O
VidCoder	O
,	O
that	O
uses	O
HandBrake	B-Language
as	O
its	O
encoding	O
engine	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
GPUs	B-Architecture
(	O
including	O
GPUs	B-Architecture
physically	O
integrated	O
with	O
CPUs	B-General_Concept
,	O
referred	O
to	O
by	O
AMD	O
as	O
APUs	B-Architecture
)	O
contain	O
dedicated	O
hardware	O
for	O
video	O
encoding	O
and	O
decoding	O
(	O
Intel	O
's	O
Quick	B-Algorithm
Sync	I-Algorithm
Video	I-Algorithm
,	O
Nvidia	O
's	O
NVENC	B-General_Concept
,	O
or	O
AMD	O
's	O
Video	O
Coding	O
Engine	O
/	O
Video	O
Core	O
Next	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
hardware	O
is	O
usually	O
provided	O
for	O
scenarios	O
where	O
quick	O
and	O
power-efficient	O
compressed	O
video	O
is	O
desired	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
videoconferencing	B-Application
and	O
streaming	O
video	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
less	O
often	O
used	O
for	O
transcoding	B-Algorithm
like	O
that	O
performed	O
by	O
HandBrake	B-Language
because	O
its	O
compression	B-General_Concept
efficiency	I-General_Concept
can	O
rarely	O
match	O
an	O
optimized	O
software	O
encoder	O
for	O
the	O
same	O
codec	B-General_Concept
,	O
but	O
HandBrake	B-Language
still	O
provides	O
the	O
owners	O
of	O
compatible	O
hardware	O
(	O
who	O
are	O
willing	O
to	O
accept	O
the	O
tradeoff	O
)	O
with	O
the	O
option	O
of	O
hardware	O
encoding	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Quick	B-Algorithm
Sync	I-Algorithm
was	O
added	O
in	O
November	O
2014	O
with	O
version	O
0.10.0	O
,	O
while	O
NVENC	B-General_Concept
and	O
the	O
VCE	O
became	O
supported	O
in	O
version	O
1.2.0	O
,	O
released	O
December	O
2018	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
(	O
HandBrake	B-Language
supports	O
both	O
the	O
VCE	O
and	O
the	O
newer	O
VCN	O
,	O
but	O
its	O
interface	O
only	O
mentions	O
the	O
VCE	O
by	O
name	O
,	O
even	O
if	O
VCN	O
hardware	O
is	O
present	O
or	O
a	O
codec	B-General_Concept
is	O
being	O
used	O
that	O
is	O
too	O
new	O
to	O
have	O
VCE	O
support	O
.	O
)	O
</s>
<s>
HandBrake	B-Language
supports	O
adaptive	O
deinterlacing	O
,	O
scaling	B-Algorithm
,	O
detelecine	B-Application
,	O
and	O
cropping	O
,	O
both	O
automatic	O
and	O
manual	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HandBrake	B-Language
supports	O
batch	O
encoding	O
through	O
graphical	B-Application
user	I-Application
interface	I-Application
(	O
GUI	B-Application
)	O
and	O
command-line	B-Application
interface	I-Application
(	O
CLI	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Third-party	B-General_Concept
scripts	O
and	O
UIs	O
exist	O
specifically	O
for	O
this	O
purpose	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
HandBrake	B-Language
Batch	O
Encoder	O
,	O
VideoScripts	O
,	O
and	O
Batch	O
HandBrake	B-Language
.	O
</s>
