<s>
A	O
Hall	B-Algorithm
effect	I-Algorithm
sensor	I-Algorithm
(	O
or	O
simply	O
Hall	B-Algorithm
sensor	I-Algorithm
)	O
is	O
a	O
type	O
of	O
sensor	O
which	O
detects	O
the	O
presence	O
and	O
magnitude	O
of	O
a	O
magnetic	O
field	O
using	O
the	O
Hall	O
effect	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
output	O
voltage	O
of	O
a	O
Hall	B-Algorithm
sensor	I-Algorithm
is	O
directly	O
proportional	O
to	O
the	O
strength	O
of	O
the	O
field	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Hall	B-Algorithm
sensors	I-Algorithm
are	O
used	O
for	O
proximity	B-Device
sensing	I-Device
,	O
positioning	O
,	O
speed	O
detection	O
,	O
and	O
current	B-Algorithm
sensing	I-Algorithm
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Frequently	O
,	O
a	O
Hall	B-Algorithm
sensor	I-Algorithm
is	O
combined	O
with	O
threshold	O
detection	O
to	O
act	O
as	O
a	O
binary	O
switch	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Hall	B-Algorithm
sensors	I-Algorithm
are	O
commonly	O
used	O
to	O
time	O
the	O
speed	O
of	O
wheels	O
and	O
shafts	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
for	O
internal	O
combustion	O
engine	O
ignition	O
timing	O
,	O
tachometers	B-Device
and	O
anti-lock	O
braking	O
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
arrangement	O
is	O
commonly	O
used	O
to	O
regulate	O
the	O
speed	O
of	O
disk	B-Device
drives	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
a	O
Hall	B-Algorithm
sensor	I-Algorithm
,	O
a	O
current	O
is	O
applied	O
to	O
a	O
thin	O
strip	O
of	O
metal	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Hall	B-Algorithm
effect	I-Algorithm
sensors	I-Algorithm
respond	O
to	O
static	O
(	O
non-changing	O
)	O
magnetic	O
fields	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
a	O
key	O
difference	O
from	O
inductive	B-Algorithm
sensors	I-Algorithm
,	O
which	O
respond	O
only	O
to	O
changes	O
in	O
fields	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
Hall	O
probe	O
is	O
a	O
device	O
that	O
uses	O
a	O
calibrated	O
Hall	B-Algorithm
effect	I-Algorithm
sensor	I-Algorithm
to	O
directly	O
measure	O
the	O
strength	O
of	O
a	O
magnetic	O
field	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
key	O
factor	O
determining	O
sensitivity	O
of	O
Hall	B-Algorithm
effect	I-Algorithm
sensors	I-Algorithm
is	O
high	O
electron	O
mobility	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
a	O
result	O
,	O
the	O
following	O
materials	O
are	O
especially	O
suitable	O
for	O
Hall	B-Algorithm
effect	I-Algorithm
sensors	I-Algorithm
:	O
</s>
<s>
Hall	B-Algorithm
sensors	I-Algorithm
are	O
linear	O
transducers	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
some	O
cases	O
,	O
the	O
linear	O
circuit	O
may	O
cancel	O
the	O
offset	O
voltage	O
of	O
Hall	B-Algorithm
sensors	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Hall	B-Algorithm
sensors	I-Algorithm
with	O
linear	O
transducers	B-Algorithm
are	O
commonly	O
integrated	O
with	O
digital	O
electronics	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
some	O
IC	O
Hall	B-Algorithm
sensors	I-Algorithm
a	O
DSP	B-General_Concept
is	O
integrated	O
,	O
which	O
can	O
allow	O
more	O
processing	O
techniques	O
directly	O
within	O
the	O
sensor	O
package	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Hall	B-Algorithm
sensor	I-Algorithm
interfaces	O
may	O
include	O
input	O
diagnostics	O
,	O
fault	O
protection	O
for	O
transient	O
conditions	O
,	O
and	O
short/open	O
-circuit	O
detection	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
may	O
also	O
provide	O
and	O
monitor	O
the	O
current	O
to	O
the	O
Hall	B-Algorithm
sensor	I-Algorithm
itself	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
microcontrollers	B-Architecture
such	O
as	O
the	O
ESP32	B-Device
integrate	O
a	O
Hall	B-Algorithm
sensor	I-Algorithm
,	O
which	O
can	O
be	O
read	O
by	O
the	O
microcontroller	B-Architecture
's	O
internal	O
analog-to-digital	O
converter	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Hall	B-Algorithm
sensors	I-Algorithm
are	O
capable	O
of	O
measuring	O
a	O
wide	O
range	O
of	O
magnetic	O
fields	O
,	O
and	O
are	O
sensitive	O
to	O
both	O
the	O
magnitude	O
and	O
orientation	O
of	O
the	O
field	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Hall	B-Algorithm
sensors	I-Algorithm
can	O
be	O
prone	O
to	O
thermal	O
drift	O
due	O
to	O
changes	O
in	O
environmental	O
conditions	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
time	O
drift	O
over	O
the	O
lifetime	O
of	O
the	O
sensor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
industrial	O
applications	O
of	O
Hall	B-Algorithm
sensors	I-Algorithm
used	O
as	O
binary	O
switches	O
is	O
in	O
position	O
sensing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Hall	B-Algorithm
sensors	I-Algorithm
are	O
also	O
used	O
in	O
brushless	O
DC	O
motors	O
to	O
sense	O
the	O
position	O
of	O
the	O
rotor	O
and	O
to	O
switch	O
the	O
transistors	O
in	O
the	O
right	O
sequence	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Hall	B-Algorithm
sensors	I-Algorithm
may	O
be	O
utilized	O
for	O
contactless	O
measurements	O
of	O
direct	O
current	O
in	O
current	O
transformers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
such	O
a	O
case	O
the	O
Hall	B-Algorithm
sensor	I-Algorithm
is	O
mounted	O
in	O
a	O
gap	O
in	O
the	O
magnetic	O
core	O
around	O
the	O
current	O
conductor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Hall	B-Algorithm
sensors	I-Algorithm
are	O
used	O
in	O
some	O
automotive	O
fuel-level	O
indicators	O
.	O
</s>
