<s>
A	O
HTML	B-General_Concept
editor	I-General_Concept
is	O
a	O
program	B-Application
used	O
for	O
editing	O
HTML	B-Language
,	O
the	O
markup	O
of	O
a	O
web	O
page	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
the	O
HTML	B-General_Concept
markup	I-General_Concept
in	O
a	O
web	O
page	O
can	O
be	O
controlled	O
with	O
any	O
text	B-Application
editor	I-Application
,	O
specialized	O
HTML	B-General_Concept
editors	I-General_Concept
can	O
offer	O
convenience	O
,	O
added	O
functionality	O
,	O
and	O
organisation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
many	O
HTML	B-General_Concept
editors	I-General_Concept
handle	O
not	O
only	O
HTML	B-Language
,	O
but	O
also	O
related	O
technologies	O
such	O
as	O
CSS	B-Language
,	O
XML	B-Protocol
and	O
JavaScript	B-Language
or	O
ECMAScript	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
some	O
cases	O
they	O
also	O
manage	O
communication	O
with	O
remote	O
web	O
servers	O
via	O
FTP	B-Protocol
and	O
WebDAV	B-Protocol
,	O
and	O
version	B-Architecture
control	I-Architecture
systems	I-Architecture
such	O
as	O
Subversion	B-Application
or	O
Git	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
word	B-General_Concept
processing	I-General_Concept
,	O
graphic	O
design	O
and	O
page	O
layout	O
programs	O
that	O
are	O
not	O
dedicated	O
to	O
web	O
design	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Word	I-Application
or	O
Quark	B-Operating_System
XPress	I-Operating_System
,	O
also	O
have	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
function	O
as	O
HTML	B-General_Concept
editors	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
two	O
main	O
varieties	O
of	O
HTML	B-General_Concept
editors	I-General_Concept
:	O
text	O
and	O
WYSIWYG	B-Application
(	O
what	B-Application
you	I-Application
see	I-Application
is	I-Application
what	I-Application
you	I-Application
get	I-Application
)	O
editors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Text	B-Application
editors	I-Application
intended	O
for	O
use	O
with	O
HTML	B-Language
usually	O
provide	O
at	O
least	O
syntax	O
highlighting	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
editors	O
additionally	O
feature	O
templates	B-Language
,	O
toolbars	O
and	O
keyboard	O
shortcuts	O
to	O
quickly	O
insert	O
common	O
HTML	B-General_Concept
elements	I-General_Concept
and	O
structures	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Text	B-Application
editors	I-Application
commonly	O
used	O
for	O
HTML	B-Language
typically	O
include	O
either	O
built-in	O
functions	O
or	O
integration	O
with	O
external	O
tools	O
for	O
such	O
tasks	O
as	O
version	B-Architecture
control	I-Architecture
,	O
link-checking	O
and	O
validation	B-Application
,	O
code	B-Language
cleanup	I-Language
and	I-Language
formatting	I-Language
,	O
spell-checking	O
,	O
uploading	O
by	O
FTP	B-Protocol
or	O
WebDAV	B-Protocol
,	O
and	O
structuring	O
as	O
a	O
project	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
functions	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
link	O
checking	O
or	O
validation	B-Application
may	O
use	O
online	B-Application
tools	I-Application
,	O
requiring	O
a	O
network	O
connection	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Text	B-Application
editors	I-Application
require	O
user	O
understanding	O
of	O
HTML	B-Language
and	O
any	O
other	O
web	O
technologies	O
the	O
designer	O
wishes	O
to	O
use	O
like	O
CSS	B-Language
,	O
JavaScript	B-Language
and	O
server-side	B-Language
scripting	I-Language
languages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
ease	O
this	O
requirement	O
,	O
some	O
editors	O
allow	O
editing	O
of	O
the	O
markup	O
in	O
more	O
visually	O
organized	O
modes	O
than	O
simple	O
color	O
highlighting	O
,	O
but	O
in	O
modes	O
not	O
considered	O
WYSIWYG	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
palettes	O
allow	O
editing	O
parameters	O
in	O
individual	O
fields	O
,	O
or	O
inserting	O
new	O
tags	B-General_Concept
by	O
filling	O
out	O
an	O
onscreen	O
form	O
,	O
and	O
may	O
include	O
additional	O
widgets	O
to	O
present	O
and	O
select	O
options	O
when	O
editing	O
parameters	O
(	O
such	O
as	O
previewing	O
an	O
image	O
or	O
text	O
styles	O
)	O
or	O
an	O
outline	O
editor	O
to	O
expand	O
and	O
collapse	O
HTML	B-Language
objects	O
and	O
properties	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
WYSIWYG	B-Application
HTML	B-General_Concept
editors	I-General_Concept
provide	O
an	O
editing	O
interface	O
which	O
resembles	O
how	O
the	O
page	O
will	O
be	O
displayed	O
in	O
a	O
web	B-Application
browser	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Because	O
using	O
a	O
WYSIWYG	B-Application
editor	I-Application
may	O
not	O
require	O
any	O
HTML	B-Language
knowledge	O
,	O
they	O
are	O
often	O
easier	O
for	O
an	O
inexperienced	O
computer	O
user	O
to	O
get	O
started	O
with	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
WYSIWYG	B-Application
view	O
is	O
achieved	O
by	O
embedding	O
a	O
layout	B-Protocol
engine	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
may	O
be	O
custom-written	O
or	O
based	O
upon	O
one	O
used	O
in	O
a	O
web	B-Application
browser	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
goal	O
is	O
that	O
,	O
at	O
all	O
times	O
during	O
editing	O
,	O
the	O
rendered	O
result	O
should	O
represent	O
what	O
will	O
be	O
seen	O
later	O
in	O
a	O
typical	O
web	B-Application
browser	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
WYSIWYM	B-General_Concept
(	O
what	O
you	O
see	O
is	O
what	O
you	O
mean	O
)	O
is	O
an	O
alternative	O
paradigm	O
to	O
WYSIWYG	B-Application
editors	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
are	O
labeled	O
as	O
such	O
in	O
the	O
editing	O
program	B-Application
,	O
and	O
displayed	O
appropriately	O
in	O
the	O
browser	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
given	O
HTML	B-Language
document	O
will	O
have	O
an	O
inconsistent	O
appearance	O
on	O
various	O
platforms	B-Device
and	O
computers	O
for	O
several	O
reasons	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Different	O
browsers	B-Application
and	O
applications	O
will	O
render	O
the	O
same	O
markup	O
differently	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
same	O
page	O
may	O
display	O
slightly	O
differently	O
,	O
by	O
example	O
,	O
in	O
Chrome	B-Application
,	O
Safari	B-Application
,	O
Edge	B-Application
,	O
Internet	B-Application
Explorer	I-Application
and	O
Firefox	B-Application
on	O
a	O
high-resolution	O
screen	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
will	O
look	O
very	O
different	O
in	O
the	O
perfectly	O
valid	O
text-only	O
Lynx	B-Application
browser	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
needs	O
to	O
be	O
rendered	O
differently	O
again	O
on	O
a	O
PDA	B-Application
,	O
an	O
internet-enabled	B-Application
television	I-Application
and	O
on	O
a	O
mobile	O
phone	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Usability	O
in	O
a	O
speech	B-Protocol
or	O
braille	O
browser	B-Application
,	O
or	O
via	O
a	O
screen-reader	O
working	O
with	O
a	O
conventional	O
browser	B-Application
,	O
will	O
place	O
demands	O
on	O
entirely	O
different	O
aspects	O
of	O
the	O
underlying	O
HTML	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
hopeless	O
to	O
try	O
to	O
design	O
Web	O
pages	O
around	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
common	O
browsers	B-Application
 '	O
current	O
bugs	B-Error_Name
:	O
each	O
time	O
a	O
new	O
version	O
of	O
each	O
browser	B-Application
comes	O
out	O
,	O
a	O
significant	O
proportion	O
of	O
the	O
World	O
Wide	O
Web	O
would	O
need	O
re-coding	O
to	O
suit	O
the	O
new	O
bugs	B-Error_Name
and	O
the	O
new	O
fixes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
generally	O
considered	O
much	O
wiser	O
to	O
design	O
to	O
standards	O
,	O
staying	O
away	O
from	O
'	O
bleeding	O
edge	B-Application
 '	O
features	O
until	O
they	O
settle	O
down	O
,	O
and	O
then	O
wait	O
for	O
the	O
browser	B-Application
developers	O
to	O
catch	O
up	O
to	O
your	O
pages	O
,	O
rather	O
than	O
the	O
other	O
way	O
round	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
instance	O
,	O
no	O
one	O
can	O
argue	O
that	O
CSS	B-Language
is	O
still	O
'	O
cutting	O
edge	B-Application
 '	O
as	O
there	O
is	O
now	O
widespread	O
support	O
available	O
in	O
common	O
browsers	B-Application
for	O
all	O
the	O
major	O
features	O
,	O
even	O
if	O
many	O
WYSIWYG	B-Application
and	O
other	O
editors	O
have	O
not	O
yet	O
entirely	O
caught	O
up	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Semantic	O
meaning	O
,	O
derived	O
from	O
the	O
underlying	O
structure	O
of	O
the	O
HTML	B-Language
document	O
,	O
is	O
important	O
for	O
search	O
engines	O
and	O
also	O
for	O
various	O
accessibility	O
tools	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
But	O
it	O
is	O
very	O
difficult	O
to	O
convey	O
this	O
distinction	O
in	O
a	O
WYSIWYG	B-Application
editor	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Simply	O
making	O
a	O
piece	O
of	O
text	O
bold	O
in	O
a	O
WYSIWYG	B-Application
editor	I-Application
is	O
not	O
sufficient	O
to	O
tell	O
the	O
reader	O
*	O
why*	O
the	O
text	O
is	O
bold	O
–	O
what	O
the	O
boldness	O
represents	O
semantically	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Modern	O
web	O
sites	O
typically	O
use	O
a	O
content	B-Protocol
management	I-Protocol
system	I-Protocol
or	O
some	O
other	O
template	O
processor-based	O
means	O
of	O
constructing	O
pages	O
on	O
the	O
fly	O
using	O
content	O
stored	O
in	O
a	O
database	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Individual	O
pages	O
are	O
never	O
stored	O
in	O
a	O
filesystem	O
as	O
they	O
may	O
be	O
designed	O
and	O
edited	O
in	O
a	O
WYSIWYG	B-Application
editor	I-Application
,	O
thus	O
some	O
form	O
of	O
abstracted	O
template-based	O
layout	O
is	O
inevitable	O
,	O
invalidating	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
main	O
benefits	O
of	O
using	O
a	O
WYSIWYG	B-Application
editor	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
HTML	B-Language
is	O
a	O
structured	O
markup	O
language	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
certain	O
rules	O
on	O
how	O
HTML	B-Language
must	O
be	O
written	O
if	O
it	O
is	O
to	O
conform	O
to	O
W3C	O
standards	O
for	O
the	O
World	O
Wide	O
Web	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Following	O
these	O
rules	O
means	O
that	O
web	O
sites	O
are	O
accessible	O
on	O
all	O
types	O
and	O
makes	O
of	O
computer	O
,	O
to	O
able-bodied	O
and	O
people	O
with	O
disabilities	O
,	O
and	O
also	O
on	O
wireless	O
devices	O
like	O
mobile	O
phones	O
and	O
PDAs	B-Application
,	O
with	O
their	O
limited	O
bandwidths	O
and	O
screen	O
sizes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
most	O
HTML	B-Language
documents	O
on	O
the	O
web	O
do	O
not	O
meet	O
the	O
requirements	O
of	O
W3C	O
standards	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
a	O
study	O
conducted	O
in	O
2011	O
on	O
the	O
350	O
most	O
popular	O
web	O
sites	O
(	O
selected	O
by	O
the	O
Alexa	O
index	O
)	O
,	O
94	O
percent	O
of	O
websites	O
fail	O
the	O
web	O
standards	O
markup	O
and	O
style	O
sheet	O
validation	B-Application
tests	O
,	O
or	O
apply	O
character	O
encoding	O
improperly	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Even	O
those	O
syntactically	O
correct	O
documents	O
may	O
be	O
inefficient	O
due	O
to	O
an	O
unnecessary	O
use	O
of	O
repetition	O
,	O
or	O
based	O
upon	O
rules	O
that	O
have	O
been	O
deprecated	B-General_Concept
for	O
some	O
years	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Current	O
W3C	O
recommendations	O
on	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
CSS	B-Language
with	O
HTML	B-Language
were	O
first	O
formalised	O
by	O
W3C	O
in	O
1996	O
and	O
have	O
been	O
revised	O
and	O
refined	O
since	O
then	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
guidelines	O
emphasise	O
the	O
separation	O
of	O
content	O
(	O
HTML	B-Language
or	O
XHTML	O
)	O
from	O
style	O
(	O
CSS	B-Language
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
has	O
the	O
benefit	O
of	O
delivering	O
the	O
style	O
information	O
once	O
for	O
a	O
whole	O
site	O
,	O
not	O
repeated	O
in	O
each	O
page	O
,	O
let	O
alone	O
in	O
each	O
HTML	B-General_Concept
element	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
WYSIWYG	B-Application
editor	I-Application
designers	O
have	O
been	O
struggling	O
ever	O
since	O
with	O
how	O
best	O
to	O
present	O
these	O
concepts	O
to	O
their	O
users	O
without	O
confusing	O
them	O
by	O
exposing	O
the	O
underlying	O
reality	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Modern	O
WYSIWYG	B-Application
editors	I-Application
all	O
succeed	O
in	O
this	O
to	O
some	O
extent	O
,	O
but	O
none	O
of	O
them	O
has	O
succeeded	O
entirely	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
a	O
web	O
page	O
was	O
created	O
or	O
edited	O
,	O
WYSIWYG	B-Application
or	O
by	O
hand	O
,	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
be	O
successful	O
among	O
the	O
greatest	O
possible	O
number	O
of	O
readers	O
and	O
viewers	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
to	O
maintain	O
the	O
'	O
worldwide	O
 '	O
value	O
of	O
the	O
Web	O
itself	O
,	O
first	O
and	O
foremost	O
it	O
should	O
consist	O
of	O
valid	O
markup	O
and	O
code	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
should	O
not	O
be	O
considered	O
ready	O
for	O
the	O
World	O
Wide	O
Web	O
,	O
until	O
its	O
HTML	B-Language
and	O
CSS	B-Language
syntax	O
have	O
been	O
successfully	O
validated	B-Application
using	O
either	O
the	O
free	O
W3C	O
validator	B-Application
services	O
(	O
and	O
)	O
or	O
some	O
other	O
trustworthy	O
alternatives	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Good	O
web	O
design	O
,	O
whether	O
done	O
using	O
a	O
WYSIWYG	B-Application
tool	O
or	O
not	O
needs	O
to	O
take	O
account	O
of	O
these	O
too	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Whatever	O
software	O
tools	O
are	O
used	O
to	O
design	O
,	O
create	O
and	O
maintain	O
web	O
pages	O
,	O
the	O
quality	O
of	O
the	O
underlying	O
HTML	B-Language
is	O
dependent	O
on	O
the	O
skill	O
of	O
the	O
person	O
who	O
works	O
on	O
the	O
page	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
knowledge	O
of	O
HTML	B-Language
,	O
CSS	B-Language
and	O
other	O
scripting	O
languages	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
a	O
familiarity	O
with	O
the	O
current	O
W3C	O
recommendations	O
in	O
these	O
areas	O
will	O
help	O
any	O
designer	O
produce	O
better	O
web	O
pages	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
WYSIWYG	B-Application
and	O
without	O
.	O
</s>
