<s>
HP	B-Device
9000	I-Device
is	O
a	O
line	O
of	O
workstation	B-Device
and	O
server	B-Application
computer	I-Application
systems	O
produced	O
by	O
the	O
Hewlett-Packard	O
(	O
HP	O
)	O
Company	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
native	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
for	O
almost	O
all	O
HP	B-Device
9000	I-Device
systems	O
is	O
HP-UX	B-Application
,	O
which	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
UNIX	B-Operating_System
System	I-Operating_System
V	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
HP	B-Device
9000	I-Device
brand	O
was	O
introduced	O
in	O
1984	O
to	O
encompass	O
several	O
extant	O
technical	O
workstation	B-Device
models	O
launched	O
formerly	O
in	O
the	O
early	O
1980s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
of	O
these	O
were	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
Motorola	B-Device
68000	I-Device
series	I-Device
,	O
but	O
there	O
were	O
also	O
entries	O
based	O
on	O
HP	O
's	O
own	O
FOCUS	B-Application
designs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
From	O
the	O
mid-1980s	O
,	O
the	O
line	O
was	O
transitioned	O
to	O
HP	O
's	O
new	O
PA-RISC	B-Device
architecture	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Finally	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
2000s	O
,	O
systems	O
using	O
the	O
IA-64	B-General_Concept
were	O
added	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
HP	B-Device
9000	I-Device
line	O
was	O
discontinued	O
in	O
2008	O
,	O
being	O
superseded	O
by	O
Itanium-based	O
HPE	B-General_Concept
Integrity	I-General_Concept
Servers	I-General_Concept
running	O
HP-UX	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
HP	B-Device
9000	I-Device
models	O
comprised	O
the	O
HP	B-Device
9000	I-Device
Series	O
200	O
and	O
Series	O
500	O
ranges	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
were	O
rebadged	O
existing	O
models	O
,	O
the	O
Series	O
200	O
including	O
various	O
Motorola	B-Device
68000	I-Device
(	O
68k	B-Device
)	O
based	O
workstations	B-Device
such	O
as	O
the	O
HP	O
9826	O
and	O
HP	O
9836	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
Series	O
500	O
using	O
HP	O
's	O
FOCUS	B-Application
microprocessor	B-Architecture
architecture	O
introduced	O
in	O
the	O
HP	O
9020	O
workstation	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
were	O
followed	O
by	O
the	O
HP	B-Device
9000	I-Device
Series	O
300	O
and	O
Series	O
400	O
workstations	B-Device
which	O
also	O
used	O
68k-series	O
microprocessors	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
From	O
the	O
mid-1980s	O
onward	O
,	O
HP	O
began	O
changing	O
to	O
its	O
own	O
microprocessors	B-Architecture
based	O
on	O
its	O
proprietary	O
PA-RISC	B-Device
instruction	B-General_Concept
set	I-General_Concept
architecture	I-General_Concept
(	O
ISA	O
)	O
,	O
for	O
the	O
Series	O
600	O
,	O
700	O
,	O
800	O
,	O
and	O
later	O
lines	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
More	O
recent	O
models	O
use	O
either	O
the	O
PA-RISC	B-Device
or	O
its	O
successor	O
,	O
the	O
HP	O
–	O
Intel	O
IA-64	B-General_Concept
ISA	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
of	O
the	O
HP	B-Device
9000	I-Device
line	O
run	O
various	O
versions	O
of	O
the	O
HP-UX	B-Application
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
,	O
except	O
earlier	O
Series	O
200	O
models	O
,	O
which	O
ran	O
standalone	O
applications	O
or	O
the	O
Basic	O
Workstation	B-Device
/	O
Pascal	O
3.1	O
Workstation	B-Device
operating	B-General_Concept
systems	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
models	O
had	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
run	O
either	O
HP-UX	B-Application
or	O
Apollo	O
's	O
Domain/OS	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
From	O
the	O
early	O
1990s	O
onward	O
,	O
HP	O
replaced	O
the	O
HP	B-Device
9000	I-Device
Series	O
numbers	O
with	O
an	O
alphabetical	O
Class	O
nomenclature	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2001	O
,	O
HP	O
again	O
changed	O
the	O
naming	O
scheme	O
for	O
their	O
HP	B-Device
9000	I-Device
servers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
rp	O
prefix	O
signified	O
a	O
PA-RISC	B-Device
architecture	O
,	O
while	O
rx	O
was	O
used	O
for	O
IA-64-based	O
systems	O
,	O
later	O
rebranded	O
HPE	B-General_Concept
Integrity	I-General_Concept
Servers	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
30	O
April	O
2008	O
,	O
HP	O
announced	O
end	O
of	O
sales	O
for	O
the	O
HP	B-Device
9000	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
last	O
order	O
date	O
for	O
HP	B-Device
9000	I-Device
systems	O
was	O
31	O
December	O
2008	O
and	O
the	O
last	O
ship	O
date	O
was	O
1	O
April	O
2009	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
last	O
order	O
date	O
for	O
new	O
HP	B-Device
9000	I-Device
options	O
was	O
December	O
31	O
,	O
2009	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
last	O
ship	O
date	O
of	O
1	O
April	O
2010	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
end	O
of	O
life	O
for	O
HP	B-Device
9000	I-Device
also	O
marks	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
an	O
era	O
,	O
as	O
it	O
essentially	O
marks	O
HP	O
's	O
withdrawal	O
from	O
the	O
Unix	B-Device
workstation	I-Device
market	O
(	O
the	O
HP	B-Device
9000	I-Device
workstations	B-Device
are	O
end	O
of	O
life	O
,	O
and	O
there	O
are	O
no	O
HP	B-General_Concept
Integrity	I-General_Concept
workstations	B-Device
,	O
so	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
longer	O
a	O
solution	O
which	O
targets	O
HP/UX	B-Application
at	O
the	O
desktop	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
the	O
move	O
from	O
PA-RISC	B-Device
(	O
9000	O
)	O
to	O
Itanium	B-General_Concept
(	O
Integrity	O
)	O
was	O
announced	O
,	O
Integrity	O
workstations	B-Device
running	O
either	O
HP/UX	B-Application
or	O
Windows	O
were	O
initially	O
announced	O
and	O
offered	O
,	O
but	O
were	O
moved	O
to	O
end	O
of	O
sales	O
life	O
relatively	O
quickly	O
,	O
with	O
no	O
replacement	O
(	O
arguably	O
because	O
x86-64	O
made	O
IA-64	B-General_Concept
uncompetitive	O
on	O
the	O
desktop	O
,	O
and	O
HP/UX	B-Application
does	O
not	O
support	O
x86-64	O
,	O
with	O
HP	O
offering	O
desktop	O
Linux	B-Application
as	O
an	O
alternative	O
,	O
not	O
fully	O
compatible	O
,	O
solution	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Prior	O
to	O
January	O
1985	O
(	O
see	O
also	O
HP	B-Device
9800	I-Device
series	I-Device
)	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Series	O
200	O
workstations	B-Device
originated	O
before	O
there	O
were	O
any	O
"	O
Series	O
"	O
at	O
HP	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
was	O
also	O
a	O
rack-mount	B-Application
version	O
,	O
the	O
HP	O
9920A	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
were	O
all	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
Motorola	B-Device
68000	I-Device
chip	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
HP-UX	B-Application
was	O
included	O
as	O
an	O
OS	O
,	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
'	O
U	O
 '	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
9836s	O
and	O
9920	O
that	O
used	O
the	O
68012	O
processor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
systems	O
were	O
soon	O
renamed	O
as	O
the	O
HP	O
Series	O
200	O
line	O
,	O
before	O
being	O
renamed	O
again	O
as	O
part	O
HP	B-Device
9000	I-Device
family	O
,	O
the	O
HP	B-Device
9000	I-Device
Series	O
200	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
was	O
also	O
a	O
"	O
portable	O
"	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
Series	O
200	O
called	O
the	O
Integral	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
machine	O
was	O
about	O
the	O
size	O
of	O
a	O
portable	O
sewing	O
machine	O
,	O
contained	O
a	O
MC68000	B-Device
processor	O
,	O
ROM	O
based	O
HP-UX	B-Application
,	O
3½	O
inch	O
floppy	B-Device
disk	I-Device
drive	I-Device
,	O
inkjet	O
printer	O
,	O
a	O
keyboard	O
,	O
mouse	O
,	O
and	O
an	O
electroluminescent	O
display	O
similar	O
to	O
the	O
early	O
GRiD	O
Compass	O
computers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Series	O
300	O
workstations	B-Device
were	O
based	O
around	O
Motorola	O
68000-series	O
processors	O
,	O
ranging	O
from	O
the	O
68010	B-Device
(	O
Model	O
310	O
,	O
introduced	O
1985	O
)	O
to	O
the	O
Motorola	B-Device
68040	I-Device
(	O
Model	O
38x	O
,	O
introduced	O
1991	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Series	O
400	O
(	O
introduced	O
1990	O
)	O
were	O
intended	O
to	O
supersede	O
the	O
Apollo/Domain	B-Device
workstations	B-Device
and	O
were	O
also	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
68030/040	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
introduction	O
,	O
the	O
Series	O
400	O
had	O
a	O
socket	O
for	O
the	O
MC68040	B-Device
,	O
but	O
since	O
they	O
were	O
not	O
available	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
,	O
an	O
emulator	O
card	O
with	O
an	O
MC68030	O
and	O
additional	O
circuitry	O
was	O
installed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Customers	O
who	O
purchased	O
systems	O
were	O
given	O
a	O
guaranteed	O
upgrade	O
price	O
of	O
$	O
5,000	O
USD	O
to	O
the	O
MC68040	B-Device
,	O
when	O
they	O
became	O
available	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Series	O
500s	O
were	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
HP	B-Application
FOCUS	I-Application
microprocessor	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
began	O
as	O
the	O
HP	O
9020	O
,	O
HP	O
9030	O
,	O
and	O
HP	O
9040	O
,	O
were	O
renamed	O
the	O
HP	O
Series	O
500	O
Model	O
20	O
,	O
30	O
,	O
and	O
40	O
shortly	O
after	O
introduction	O
,	O
and	O
later	O
renamed	O
again	O
as	O
the	O
HP	B-Device
9000	I-Device
Model	O
520	O
,	O
530	O
and	O
540	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
520	O
was	O
a	O
complete	O
workstation	B-Device
with	O
built-in	O
keyboard	O
,	O
display	O
,	O
5.25-inch	O
floppy	B-Device
disk	I-Device
,	O
and	O
optional	O
thermal	O
printer	O
and	O
5MB	O
hard	O
disk	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
520	O
could	O
run	O
BASIC	O
or	O
HP-UX	B-Application
and	O
there	O
were	O
three	O
different	O
models	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
displays	O
attached	O
(	O
two	O
color	O
and	O
one	O
monochrome	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
530	O
was	O
a	O
rackmount	B-Application
version	O
of	O
the	O
Series	O
500	O
,	O
could	O
only	O
run	O
HP-UX	B-Application
,	O
and	O
used	O
a	O
serial	O
interface	O
console	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
540	O
was	O
a	O
530	O
mounted	O
inside	O
a	O
cabinet	O
,	O
similar	O
to	O
the	O
disk	O
drives	O
offered	O
then	O
and	O
included	O
a	O
serial	O
multiplexer	B-Protocol
(	O
MUX	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
workstations	B-Device
in	O
the	O
series	O
,	O
the	O
Model	O
720	O
,	O
Model	O
730	O
and	O
Model	O
750	O
systems	O
were	O
introduced	O
on	O
26	O
March	O
1991	O
and	O
were	O
code-named	O
"	O
Snakes	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
models	O
used	O
the	O
PA-7000	O
microprocessor	B-Architecture
,	O
with	O
the	O
Model	O
720	O
using	O
a	O
50MHz	O
version	O
and	O
the	O
Model	O
730	O
and	O
Model	O
750	O
using	O
a	O
66MHz	O
version	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Both	O
systems	O
are	O
low-end	O
diskless	O
workstations	B-Device
,	O
with	O
the	O
Model	O
705	O
using	O
a	O
32MHz	O
PA-7000	O
and	O
the	O
Model	O
710	O
using	O
a	O
50MHz	O
version	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
Series	O
700	O
workstations	B-Device
were	O
superseded	O
by	O
the	O
Model	O
715/33	O
,	O
715/50	O
,	O
725/50	O
low-end	O
workstations	B-Device
and	O
the	O
Model	O
735/99	O
,	O
735/125	O
,	O
755/99	O
and	O
755/125	O
high-end	O
workstations	B-Device
on	O
10	O
November	O
1992	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
new	O
models	O
used	O
a	O
75MHz	O
PA-7100	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Increasing	O
integration	O
led	O
to	O
the	O
introduction	O
of	O
the	O
Model	O
712/60	O
and	O
Model	O
712/80i	O
workstations	B-Device
on	O
18	O
January	O
1994	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Code-named	O
"	O
Gecko	O
"	O
,	O
these	O
models	O
were	O
intended	O
to	O
compete	O
with	O
entry-level	O
workstations	B-Device
from	O
Sun	O
Microsystems	O
and	O
high-end	O
personal	O
computers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
used	O
the	O
PA-7100LC	B-General_Concept
microprocessor	B-Architecture
operating	O
at	O
60	O
and	O
80MHz	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
workstations	B-Device
use	O
the	O
PA-7100LC	B-General_Concept
microprocessor	B-Architecture
and	O
supported	O
32	O
to	O
128MB	O
of	O
memory	O
,	O
except	O
for	O
the	O
Model	O
725/100	O
,	O
which	O
supported	O
up	O
to	O
512MB	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Model	O
712/100	O
(	O
King	O
Gecko	O
)	O
,	O
an	O
entry-level	O
workstation	B-Device
,	O
and	O
Model	O
715/100	O
XC	O
,	O
a	O
mid-range	O
workstation	B-Device
,	O
were	O
introduced	O
in	O
June	O
1995	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Model	O
712/100	O
is	O
a	O
Model	O
712	O
with	O
a	O
100MHz	O
PA-7100LC	B-General_Concept
and	O
256	O
KB	O
of	O
cache	O
while	O
the	O
Model	O
715/100	O
XC	O
is	O
a	O
Model	O
715/100	O
with	O
1MB	O
of	O
cache	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Model	O
712	O
and	O
715	O
workstations	B-Device
feature	O
the	O
Lasi	O
ASIC	O
,	O
connected	O
by	O
the	O
GSC	B-Architecture
bus	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
models	O
,	O
except	O
for	O
the	O
712	O
series	O
machines	O
also	O
use	O
the	O
Wax	O
ASIC	O
to	O
provide	O
an	O
EISA	B-Device
adapter	O
,	O
a	O
second	O
serial	O
port	O
and	O
support	O
for	O
the	O
HIL	B-Device
bus	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
SGC	O
bus	O
(	O
System	O
Graphics	O
Connect	O
)	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
earlier	O
series	O
700	O
workstations	B-Device
,	O
has	O
similar	O
specifications	O
as	O
PCI	B-Protocol
with	O
32-bit/33MHz	O
and	O
a	O
typical	O
bandwidth	O
of	O
about	O
100MB/s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
C100	O
,	O
C110	O
,	O
J200	O
,	O
J210	O
and	O
J210XC	O
use	O
the	O
PA-7200	B-General_Concept
processor	O
,	O
connected	O
to	O
the	O
UTurn	O
IOMMU	B-General_Concept
via	O
the	O
Runway	B-Architecture
bus	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Uturn	O
IOMMU	B-General_Concept
has	O
two	O
GSC	O
buses	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
B132L	O
(	O
introduced	O
1996	O
)	O
,	O
B160L	O
,	O
B132L+	O
,	O
B180L	O
,	O
C132L	O
,	O
C160L	O
and	O
C180L	O
workstations	B-Device
are	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
PA-7300LC	B-General_Concept
processor	O
,	O
a	O
development	O
of	O
the	O
PA-7100LC	B-General_Concept
with	O
integrated	O
cache	O
and	O
GSC	B-Architecture
bus	I-Architecture
controller	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Standard	O
graphics	O
is	O
the	O
Visualize	B-Device
EG	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
machines	O
use	O
the	O
Dino	O
GSC	O
to	O
PCI	B-Protocol
adapter	O
which	O
also	O
provides	O
the	O
second	O
serial	O
port	O
in	O
place	O
of	O
Wax	O
;	O
they	O
optionally	O
have	O
the	O
Wax	O
EISA	B-Device
adapter	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
C160	O
,	O
C180	O
,	O
C180-XP	O
,	O
J280	O
and	O
J282	O
use	O
the	O
PA-8000	B-General_Concept
processor	O
and	O
are	O
the	O
first	O
64-bit	O
HP	O
workstations	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
are	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
same	O
Runway/GSC	O
architecture	O
as	O
the	O
earlier	O
C	O
and	O
J	O
class	O
workstations	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
C200	O
,	O
C240	O
and	O
J2240	O
offer	O
increased	O
speed	O
with	O
the	O
PA-8200	B-General_Concept
processor	O
and	O
the	O
C360	O
uses	O
the	O
PA-8500	B-General_Concept
processor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
B1000	O
,	O
B2000	O
,	O
C3000	O
,	O
J5000	O
and	O
J7000	O
were	O
also	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
PA-8500	B-General_Concept
processor	O
,	O
but	O
had	O
a	O
very	O
different	O
architecture	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
U2/Uturn	O
IOMMU	B-General_Concept
and	O
the	O
GSC	B-Architecture
bus	I-Architecture
is	O
gone	O
,	O
replaced	O
with	O
the	O
Astro	O
IOMMU	B-General_Concept
,	O
connected	O
via	O
Ropes	O
to	O
several	O
Elroy	O
PCI	B-Protocol
host	O
adapters	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
B2600	O
,	O
C3600	O
and	O
J5600	O
upgrade	O
these	O
machines	O
with	O
the	O
PA-8600	B-General_Concept
processor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
J6000	O
is	O
a	O
rack-mountable	B-Application
workstation	B-Device
which	O
can	O
also	O
be	O
stood	O
on	O
its	O
side	O
in	O
a	O
tower	O
configuration	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
C3650	O
,	O
C3700	O
,	O
C3750	O
,	O
J6700	O
and	O
J6750	O
are	O
PA-8700-based	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
C8000	O
uses	O
the	O
dual-core	O
PA-8800	B-General_Concept
or	O
PA-8900	B-General_Concept
processors	O
,	O
which	O
uses	O
the	O
same	O
bus	O
as	O
the	O
McKinley	O
and	O
Madison	O
Itanium	B-General_Concept
processors	O
and	O
shares	O
the	O
same	O
zx1	B-General_Concept
chipset	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Elroy	O
PCI	B-Protocol
adapters	O
have	O
been	O
replaced	O
with	O
Mercury	O
PCI-X	O
adapters	O
and	O
one	O
Quicksilver	O
AGP	B-Architecture
8x	O
adapter	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Model	O
D200	O
is	O
a	O
uniprocessor	O
with	O
a	O
75MHz	O
PA-7100LC	B-General_Concept
microprocessor	B-Architecture
,	O
support	O
for	O
up	O
to	O
512MB	O
of	O
memory	O
and	O
five	O
EISA/HP	O
-HSC	O
slots	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Model	O
D210	O
is	O
similar	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
used	O
a	O
100MHz	O
PA-7100LC	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Model	O
D250	O
is	O
dual-processor	O
model	O
and	O
it	O
used	O
the	O
100MHz	O
PA-7100LC	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
supported	O
up	O
to	O
768MB	O
of	O
memory	O
and	O
had	O
five	O
EISA/HP	O
-HSC	O
slots	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Model	O
D310	O
is	O
a	O
uniprocessor	O
with	O
a	O
100MHz	O
PA-7100LC	B-General_Concept
,	O
up	O
to	O
512MB	O
of	O
memory	O
and	O
eight	O
EISA/HP	O
-HSC	O
slots	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Model	O
D350	O
is	O
a	O
high-end	O
D-class	O
system	O
,	O
a	O
dual-processor	O
,	O
it	O
had	O
two	O
100MHz	O
PA-7100LCs	B-General_Concept
,	O
up	O
to	O
768MB	O
of	O
memory	O
and	O
eight	O
EISA/HP	O
-HSC	O
slots	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
mid-September	O
1996	O
,	O
two	O
new	O
D-class	O
servers	O
were	O
introduced	O
to	O
utilize	O
the	O
new	O
64-bit	O
PA-8000	B-General_Concept
microprocessor	B-Architecture
,	O
the	O
Model	O
D270	O
uniprocessor	O
and	O
the	O
Model	O
D370	O
dual-processor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
used	O
the	O
160MHz	O
PA-8000	B-General_Concept
and	O
supported	O
128MB	O
to	O
1.5GB	O
of	O
memory	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
January	O
1997	O
,	O
the	O
low-end	O
Model	O
D220	O
,	O
D230	O
,	O
D320	O
and	O
D330	O
were	O
introduced	O
,	O
using	O
132	O
and	O
160MHz	O
versions	O
of	O
the	O
PA-7300LC	B-General_Concept
microprocessor	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
D-class	O
are	O
tower	O
servers	O
with	O
up	O
to	O
two	O
microprocessors	B-Architecture
and	O
are	O
architecturally	O
similar	O
to	O
the	O
K-class	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
R-class	O
is	O
simply	O
a	O
D-class	O
machine	O
packaged	O
in	O
a	O
rack-mount	B-Application
chassis	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
N-class	O
is	O
a	O
10U	O
rackmount	B-Application
server	B-Application
with	O
up	O
to	O
eight	O
CPUs	B-Device
and	O
12	O
PCI	B-Protocol
slots	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
not	O
a	O
NUMA	B-Operating_System
machine	O
,	O
having	O
equal	O
access	O
to	O
all	O
memory	O
slots	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
I/O	O
is	O
unequal	O
though	O
;	O
having	O
one	O
Ike	O
IOMMU	B-General_Concept
per	O
bus	O
means	O
that	O
one	O
set	O
of	O
CPUs	B-Device
are	O
closer	O
to	O
one	O
set	O
of	O
I/O	O
slots	O
than	O
the	O
other	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
N-class	O
servers	O
were	O
marketed	O
as	O
"	O
Itanium-ready	O
"	O
,	O
although	O
when	O
the	O
Itanium	B-General_Concept
shipped	O
,	O
no	O
Itanium	B-General_Concept
upgrade	O
was	O
made	O
available	O
for	O
the	O
N	O
class	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
N	O
class	O
did	O
benefit	O
from	O
using	O
the	O
Merced	O
bus	O
,	O
bridging	O
the	O
PA-8x00	O
microprocessors	B-Architecture
to	O
it	O
via	O
a	O
special	O
adapter	O
called	O
DEW	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
N4000	O
was	O
upgraded	O
with	O
newer	O
processors	O
throughout	O
its	O
life	O
,	O
with	O
models	O
called	O
N4000-36	O
,	O
N4000-44	O
and	O
N4000-55	O
indicating	O
microprocessor	B-Architecture
clock	O
frequencies	O
of	O
360	O
,	O
440	O
,	O
and	O
550MHz	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
L-class	O
servers	O
are	O
7U	O
rackmount	B-Application
machines	O
with	O
up	O
to	O
4	O
CPUs	B-Device
(	O
depending	O
on	O
model	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
have	O
12	O
PCI	B-Protocol
slots	I-Protocol
,	O
but	O
only	O
7	O
slots	O
are	O
enabled	O
in	O
the	O
entry-level	O
L1000	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Two	O
of	O
the	O
PCI	B-Protocol
slots	I-Protocol
are	O
occupied	O
by	O
factory	O
integrated	O
cards	O
and	O
cannot	O
be	O
utilized	O
for	O
I/O	O
expansion	O
by	O
the	O
end-user	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
initially	O
shipped	O
with	O
360MHz	O
and	O
440MHz	O
PA-8500	B-General_Concept
and	O
were	O
upgraded	O
with	O
540MHz	O
PA-8600	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
shipped	O
only	O
with	O
550MHz	O
PA-8600	B-General_Concept
CPUs	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
A180	O
and	O
A180C	O
were	O
32-bit	O
,	O
single-processor	O
,	O
2U	O
servers	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
PA-7300LC	B-General_Concept
processor	O
with	O
the	O
Lasi	O
and	O
Dino	O
ASICs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
A400	O
and	O
A500	O
servers	O
were	O
64-bit	O
,	O
single	O
and	O
dual-processor	O
2U	O
servers	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
PA-8500	B-General_Concept
and	O
later	O
processors	O
,	O
using	O
the	O
Astro	O
IOMMU	B-General_Concept
and	O
Elroy	O
PCI	B-Protocol
adapters	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
A400-36	O
and	O
A500-36	O
machines	O
used	O
the	O
PA-8500	B-General_Concept
processor	O
running	O
at	O
360MHz	O
;	O
the	O
A400-44	O
and	O
A500-44	O
are	O
clocked	O
at	O
440MHz	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
A500-55	O
uses	O
a	O
PA-8600	B-General_Concept
processor	O
running	O
at	O
550MHz	O
and	O
the	O
A500-75	O
uses	O
a	O
PA-8700	B-General_Concept
processor	O
running	O
at	O
750MHz	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
S	O
-	O
and	O
X-class	O
were	O
Convex	O
Exemplar	O
SPP2000	O
supercomputers	B-Architecture
rebadged	O
after	O
HP	O
's	O
acquisition	O
of	O
Convex	O
Computer	O
in	O
1995	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
machines	O
ran	O
Convex	O
's	O
SPP-UX	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
V-class	O
servers	O
were	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
multiprocessor	B-Operating_System
technology	O
from	O
the	O
S-class	O
and	O
X-class	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
provided	O
a	O
transitional	O
platform	O
between	O
the	O
T-class	O
and	O
the	O
introduction	O
of	O
the	O
Superdome	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apart	O
from	O
HP-UX	B-Application
and	O
Domain/OS	B-Application
(	O
on	O
the	O
400	O
)	O
,	O
many	O
HP	B-Device
9000s	I-Device
can	O
also	O
run	O
the	O
Linux	B-Application
operating	I-Application
system	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
PA-RISC-based	O
models	O
are	O
able	O
to	O
run	O
NeXTSTEP	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Berkeley	B-Operating_System
Software	I-Operating_System
Distribution	I-Operating_System
(	O
BSD	B-Operating_System
)	O
Unix	B-Application
was	O
ported	O
to	O
the	O
HP	B-Device
9000	I-Device
as	O
HPBSD	O
;	O
the	O
resulting	O
support	O
code	O
was	O
later	O
added	O
to	O
4.4BSD	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Its	O
modern	O
variants	O
NetBSD	B-Device
and	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
also	O
support	O
various	O
HP	B-Device
9000	I-Device
models	O
,	O
both	O
Motorola	B-Device
68k	I-Device
and	O
PA-RISC	B-Device
based	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
early	O
1990s	O
,	O
several	O
Unix	B-Application
R&D	O
systems	O
were	O
ported	O
to	O
the	O
PA-RISC	B-Device
platform	O
,	O
including	O
several	O
attempts	O
of	O
OSF/1	B-Operating_System
,	O
various	O
Mach	B-Operating_System
ports	O
and	O
systems	O
that	O
combined	O
parts	O
of	O
Mach	B-Operating_System
with	O
other	O
systems	O
(	O
MkLinux	B-Application
,	O
Mach	B-Operating_System
4/Lites	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
project	O
conducted	O
at	O
HP	O
Laboratories	O
involved	O
replacing	O
core	O
HP-UX	B-Application
functionality	O
,	O
specifically	O
the	O
virtual	O
memory	O
and	O
process	O
management	O
subsystems	O
,	O
with	O
Mach	B-Operating_System
functionality	O
from	O
Mach	B-Operating_System
2.0	O
and	O
2.5	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
effectively	O
provided	O
a	O
vehicle	O
to	O
port	O
Mach	B-Operating_System
to	O
the	O
PA-RISC	B-Device
architecture	O
,	O
as	O
opposed	O
to	O
starting	O
with	O
the	O
Berkeley	B-Operating_System
Software	I-Operating_System
Distribution	I-Operating_System
configured	O
to	O
use	O
the	O
Mach	B-Operating_System
kernel	I-Operating_System
infrastructure	O
and	O
porting	O
this	O
to	O
PA-RISC	B-Device
,	O
and	O
thereby	O
delivered	O
a	O
version	O
of	O
HP-UX	B-Application
2.0	O
based	O
on	O
Mach	B-Operating_System
,	O
albeit	O
with	O
certain	O
features	O
missing	O
from	O
both	O
Mach	B-Operating_System
and	O
HP-UX	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
motivation	O
for	O
the	O
project	O
was	O
to	O
investigate	O
performance	O
issues	O
with	O
Mach	B-Operating_System
related	O
to	O
the	O
cache	O
architecture	O
of	O
PA-RISC	B-Device
along	O
with	O
potential	O
remedies	O
for	O
these	O
issues	O
.	O
</s>
