<s>
HPCC	B-Operating_System
(	O
High-Performance	B-Operating_System
Computing	I-Operating_System
Cluster	I-Operating_System
)	O
,	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
DAS	O
(	O
Data	O
Analytics	O
Supercomputer	O
)	O
,	O
is	O
an	O
open	O
source	O
,	O
data-intensive	B-Operating_System
computing	I-Operating_System
system	O
platform	O
developed	O
by	O
LexisNexis	O
Risk	O
Solutions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
HPCC	B-Operating_System
platform	O
incorporates	O
a	O
software	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
implemented	O
on	O
commodity	O
computing	O
clusters	O
to	O
provide	O
high-performance	O
,	O
data-parallel	O
processing	O
for	O
applications	O
utilizing	O
big	B-Application
data	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
HPCC	B-Operating_System
platform	O
includes	O
system	O
configurations	O
to	O
support	O
both	O
parallel	O
batch	O
data	O
processing	O
(	O
Thor	B-Algorithm
)	O
and	O
high-performance	O
online	O
query	O
applications	O
using	O
indexed	O
data	O
files	O
(	O
Roxie	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
HPCC	B-Operating_System
platform	O
also	O
includes	O
a	O
data-centric	O
declarative	O
programming	O
language	O
for	O
parallel	O
data	O
processing	O
called	O
ECL	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
public	O
release	O
of	O
HPCC	B-Operating_System
was	O
in	O
2011	O
,	O
after	O
ten	O
years	O
of	O
in-house	O
development	O
(	O
according	O
to	O
LexisNexis	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
an	O
alternative	O
to	O
Hadoop	B-Application
and	O
other	O
Big	B-Application
data	I-Application
platforms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
HPCC	B-Operating_System
system	O
architecture	O
includes	O
two	O
distinct	O
cluster	O
processing	O
environments	O
Thor	B-Algorithm
and	O
Roxie	O
,	O
each	O
of	O
which	O
can	O
be	O
optimized	O
independently	O
for	O
its	O
parallel	O
data	O
processing	O
purpose	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
of	O
these	O
platforms	O
is	O
called	O
Thor	B-Algorithm
,	O
a	O
data	O
refinery	O
whose	O
overall	O
purpose	O
is	O
the	O
general	O
processing	O
of	O
massive	O
volumes	O
of	O
raw	O
data	O
of	O
any	O
type	O
for	O
any	O
purpose	O
but	O
typically	O
used	O
for	O
data	O
cleansing	O
and	O
hygiene	O
,	O
ETL	O
(	O
extract	O
,	O
transform	O
,	O
load	O
)	O
processing	O
of	O
the	O
raw	O
data	O
,	O
record	O
linking	O
and	O
entity	O
resolution	O
,	O
large-scale	O
ad-hoc	O
complex	O
analytics	O
,	O
and	O
creation	O
of	O
keyed	O
data	O
and	O
indexes	O
to	O
support	O
high-performance	O
structured	O
queries	O
and	O
data	O
warehouse	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
data	O
refinery	O
name	O
Thor	B-Algorithm
is	O
a	O
reference	O
to	O
the	O
mythical	O
Norse	O
god	O
of	O
thunder	O
with	O
the	O
large	O
hammer	O
symbolic	O
of	O
crushing	O
large	O
amounts	O
of	O
raw	O
data	O
into	O
useful	O
information	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
Thor	B-Algorithm
cluster	O
is	O
similar	O
in	O
its	O
function	O
,	O
execution	O
environment	O
,	O
filesystem	O
,	O
and	O
capabilities	O
to	O
the	O
Google	O
and	O
Hadoop	B-Application
MapReduce	B-Operating_System
platforms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Figure	O
2	O
shows	O
a	O
representation	O
of	O
a	O
physical	O
Thor	B-Algorithm
processing	O
cluster	O
which	O
functions	O
as	O
a	O
batch	O
job	O
execution	O
engine	O
for	O
scalable	O
data-intensive	B-Operating_System
computing	I-Operating_System
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
to	O
the	O
Thor	B-Algorithm
master	O
and	O
slave	O
nodes	O
,	O
additional	O
auxiliary	O
and	O
common	O
components	O
are	O
needed	O
to	O
implement	O
a	O
complete	O
HPCC	B-Operating_System
processing	O
environment	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Roxie	O
utilizes	O
a	O
distributed	B-Protocol
indexed	I-Protocol
filesystem	I-Protocol
to	O
provide	O
parallel	O
processing	O
of	O
queries	O
using	O
an	O
optimized	O
execution	O
environment	O
and	O
filesystem	O
for	O
high-performance	O
online	O
processing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
Roxie	O
cluster	O
is	O
similar	O
in	O
its	O
function	O
and	O
capabilities	O
to	O
ElasticSearch	B-Application
and	O
Hadoop	B-Application
with	O
HBase	B-Language
and	O
Hive	B-General_Concept
capabilities	O
added	O
,	O
and	O
provides	O
for	O
near	O
real	O
time	O
predictable	O
query	O
latencies	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Both	O
Thor	B-Algorithm
and	O
Roxie	O
clusters	O
utilize	O
the	O
ECL	B-Language
programming	O
language	O
for	O
implementing	O
applications	O
,	O
increasing	O
continuity	O
and	O
programmer	O
productivity	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
Roxie	O
cluster	O
includes	O
multiple	O
nodes	O
with	O
server	O
and	O
worker	O
processes	O
for	O
processing	O
queries	O
;	O
an	O
additional	O
auxiliary	O
component	O
called	O
an	O
ESP	O
server	O
which	O
provides	O
interfaces	O
for	O
external	O
client	O
access	O
to	O
the	O
cluster	O
;	O
and	O
additional	O
common	O
components	O
which	O
are	O
shared	O
with	O
a	O
Thor	B-Algorithm
cluster	O
in	O
an	O
HPCC	B-Operating_System
environment	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
a	O
Thor	B-Algorithm
processing	O
cluster	O
can	O
be	O
implemented	O
and	O
used	O
without	O
a	O
Roxie	O
cluster	O
,	O
an	O
HPCC	B-Operating_System
environment	O
which	O
includes	O
a	O
Roxie	O
cluster	O
should	O
also	O
include	O
a	O
Thor	B-Algorithm
cluster	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Thor	B-Algorithm
cluster	O
is	O
used	O
to	O
build	O
the	O
distributed	O
index	O
files	O
used	O
by	O
the	O
Roxie	O
cluster	O
and	O
to	O
develop	O
online	O
queries	O
which	O
will	O
be	O
deployed	O
with	O
the	O
index	O
files	O
to	O
the	O
Roxie	O
cluster	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
HPCC	B-Operating_System
software	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
incorporates	O
the	O
Thor	B-Algorithm
and	O
Roxie	O
clusters	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
common	O
middleware	B-General_Concept
components	O
,	O
an	O
external	O
communications	O
layer	O
,	O
client	O
interfaces	O
which	O
provide	O
both	O
end-user	O
services	O
and	O
system	O
management	O
tools	O
,	O
and	O
auxiliary	O
components	O
to	O
support	O
monitoring	O
and	O
to	O
facilitate	O
loading	O
and	O
storing	O
of	O
filesystem	O
data	O
from	O
external	O
sources	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Usually	O
a	O
HPCC	B-Operating_System
environment	O
includes	O
only	O
Thor	B-Algorithm
clusters	O
,	O
or	O
both	O
Thor	B-Algorithm
and	O
Roxie	O
clusters	O
,	O
although	O
Roxie	O
occasionally	O
is	O
used	O
to	O
build	O
its	O
own	O
indexes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
overall	O
HPCC	B-Operating_System
software	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
is	O
shown	O
in	O
Figure	O
4	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HPCC	B-Operating_System
Systems	O
(	O
High	B-Operating_System
Performance	I-Operating_System
Computing	I-Operating_System
Cluster	I-Operating_System
)	O
is	O
part	O
of	O
LexisNexis	O
Risk	O
Solutions	O
and	O
was	O
formed	O
to	O
promote	O
and	O
sell	O
the	O
HPCC	B-Operating_System
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HPCC	B-Operating_System
Systems	O
offers	O
both	O
a	O
Community	O
Edition	O
and	O
an	O
Enterprise	O
Edition	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Community	O
Edition	O
is	O
free	O
to	O
download	O
,	O
includes	O
the	O
source	O
code	O
and	O
is	O
released	O
under	O
the	O
Apache	B-Application
License	I-Application
2.0	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
November	O
2011	O
,	O
HPCC	B-Operating_System
Systems	O
announced	O
the	O
availability	O
of	O
its	O
Thor	B-Algorithm
Data	O
Refinery	O
Cluster	O
on	O
Amazon	B-Application
Web	I-Application
Services	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
January	O
2012	O
,	O
HPCC	B-Operating_System
Systems	O
announced	O
distributed	O
machine	O
learning	O
algorithms	O
.	O
</s>
