<s>
HIPPI	B-Architecture
,	O
short	O
for	O
High	B-Architecture
Performance	I-Architecture
Parallel	I-Architecture
Interface	I-Architecture
,	O
is	O
a	O
computer	B-General_Concept
bus	I-General_Concept
for	O
the	O
attachment	O
of	O
high	O
speed	O
storage	O
devices	O
to	O
supercomputers	B-Architecture
,	O
in	O
a	O
point-to-point	O
link	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
popular	O
in	O
the	O
late	O
1980s	O
and	O
into	O
the	O
mid-to-late	O
1990s	O
,	O
but	O
has	O
since	O
been	O
replaced	O
by	O
ever-faster	O
standard	O
interfaces	O
like	O
Fibre	B-Architecture
Channel	I-Architecture
and	O
10	O
Gigabit	O
Ethernet	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
HIPPI	B-Architecture
standard	O
defined	O
a	O
50-pair	O
(	O
100-wire	O
)	O
twisted	O
pair	O
cable	O
,	O
running	O
at	O
800Mbit/s	O
(	O
100MB/s	O
)	O
with	O
maximum	O
range	O
limited	O
to	O
,	O
but	O
was	O
soon	O
upgraded	O
to	O
include	O
a	O
1600Mbit/s	O
(	O
200MB/s	O
)	O
mode	O
running	O
on	O
Serial	O
HIPPI	B-Architecture
fibre	B-Architecture
optic	I-Architecture
cable	O
with	O
a	O
maximum	O
range	O
of	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HIPPI	B-Architecture
usage	O
dwindled	O
in	O
the	O
late	O
1990s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
was	O
partly	O
because	O
Ultra3	B-Architecture
SCSI	I-Architecture
offered	O
rates	O
of	O
320MB/s	O
and	O
was	O
available	O
at	O
almost	O
any	O
computer	O
store	O
at	O
commodity	O
prices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Meanwhile	O
,	O
Fibre	B-Architecture
Channel	I-Architecture
offered	O
simple	O
interconnect	B-General_Concept
with	O
both	O
HIPPI	B-Architecture
and	O
SCSI	B-Architecture
(	O
it	O
can	O
run	O
both	O
protocols	O
)	O
and	O
speeds	O
of	O
up	O
to	O
400MB/s	O
on	O
fibre	O
and	O
100MB/s	O
on	O
a	O
single	O
pair	O
of	O
twisted	O
pair	O
copper	O
wires	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1999	O
in	O
an	O
effort	O
to	O
improve	O
the	O
speed	O
resulted	O
in	O
HIPPI-6400	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
later	O
renamed	O
GSN	O
(	O
for	O
Gigabyte	B-Architecture
System	I-Architecture
Network	I-Architecture
)	O
but	O
this	O
saw	O
little	O
use	O
due	O
to	O
competing	O
standards	O
and	O
the	O
high	O
cost	O
of	O
GSN	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GSN	O
copper	O
cables	O
are	O
limited	O
to	O
and	O
fibre	B-Architecture
optic	I-Architecture
cables	O
limited	O
to	O
1km	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HIPPI	B-Architecture
is	O
the	O
first	O
“	O
near-gigabit	O
”	O
(	O
0.8Gbit/s	O
)	O
(	O
ANSI	O
)	O
standard	O
for	O
network	O
data	O
transmission	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
specifically	O
designed	O
for	O
supercomputers	B-Architecture
and	O
was	O
never	O
intended	O
for	O
mass	O
market	O
networks	O
such	O
as	O
Ethernet	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
of	O
the	O
features	O
developed	O
for	O
HIPPI	B-Architecture
were	O
integrated	O
into	O
such	O
technologies	O
as	O
InfiniBand	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
What	O
is	O
remarkable	O
about	O
HIPPI	B-Architecture
is	O
that	O
it	O
came	O
out	O
when	O
Ethernet	O
was	O
still	O
a	O
10Mbit/s	O
data	O
link	O
and	O
SONET	B-Protocol
at	O
OC-3	O
(	O
155Mbit/s	O
)	O
was	O
considered	O
leading	O
edge	O
technology	O
.	O
</s>
