<s>
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD	I-Operating_System
(	O
short	O
for	O
High	O
Definition	O
Digital	O
Versatile	O
Disc	O
)	O
is	O
an	O
obsolete	O
high-density	O
optical	B-Device
disc	I-Device
format	O
for	O
storing	O
data	O
and	O
playback	O
of	O
high-definition	O
video	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Supported	O
principally	O
by	O
Toshiba	O
,	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD	I-Operating_System
was	O
envisioned	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
successor	O
to	O
the	O
standard	O
DVD	O
format	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD	I-Operating_System
employed	O
a	O
blue	O
laser	O
with	O
a	O
shorter	O
wavelength	O
(	O
with	O
the	O
exception	O
of	O
the	O
3×	O
DVD	O
and	O
HD	O
REC	O
variants	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
stored	O
about	O
3.2	O
times	O
as	O
much	O
data	O
per	O
layer	O
as	O
its	O
predecessor	O
(	O
maximum	O
capacity	O
:	O
15GB	O
per	O
layer	O
compared	O
to	O
4.7GB	O
per	O
layer	O
on	O
a	O
DVD	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
February	O
19	O
,	O
2008	O
,	O
Toshiba	O
abandoned	O
the	O
format	O
,	O
announcing	O
it	O
would	O
no	O
longer	O
manufacture	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD	I-Operating_System
players	O
and	O
drives	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD	I-Operating_System
Promotion	O
Group	O
was	O
dissolved	O
on	O
March	O
28	O
,	O
2008	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD	I-Operating_System
physical	O
disc	O
specifications	O
(	O
but	O
not	O
the	O
codecs	B-General_Concept
)	O
were	O
used	O
as	O
the	O
basis	O
for	O
the	O
China	O
Blue	O
High-definition	O
Disc	O
(	O
CBHD	O
)	O
formerly	O
called	O
CH-DVD	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
late	O
1990s	O
,	O
commercial	O
HDTV	B-Device
sets	O
started	O
to	O
enter	O
a	O
larger	O
market	O
,	O
but	O
there	O
was	O
no	O
inexpensive	O
way	O
to	O
record	O
or	O
play	O
back	O
HD	O
content	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sony	O
started	O
two	O
projects	O
applying	O
the	O
new	O
diodes	O
:	O
UDO	B-Application
(	O
Ultra	B-Application
Density	I-Application
Optical	I-Application
)	O
and	O
DVR	O
Blue	O
together	O
with	O
Philips	O
,	O
a	O
format	O
of	O
rewritable	O
discs	O
which	O
would	O
eventually	O
become	O
Blu-ray	O
Disc	O
(	O
more	O
specifically	O
,	O
BD-RE	O
)	O
and	O
later	O
on	O
with	O
Pioneer	O
a	O
format	O
of	O
read	O
only	O
discs	O
(	O
BD-ROM	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
two	O
formats	O
share	O
several	O
technologies	O
(	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
AV	O
codecs	B-General_Concept
and	O
the	O
laser	O
diode	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
today	O
's	O
Blu-ray	O
Discs	O
appear	O
virtually	O
identical	O
to	O
a	O
standard	O
DVD	O
,	O
when	O
the	O
Blu-ray	O
Discs	O
were	O
initially	O
developed	O
they	O
required	O
a	O
protective	O
caddy	B-Device
to	O
avoid	O
mis-handling	O
by	O
the	O
consumer	O
(	O
early	O
CD-Rs	O
also	O
featured	O
a	O
protective	O
caddy	B-Device
for	O
the	O
same	O
purpose	O
.	O
)	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Blu-ray	O
Disc	O
prototype	O
's	O
caddy	B-Device
was	O
both	O
expensive	O
and	O
physically	O
different	O
from	O
DVD	O
,	O
posing	O
several	O
problems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
August	O
,	O
Toshiba	O
and	O
NEC	O
announced	O
their	O
competing	O
standard	O
Advanced	B-Operating_System
Optical	I-Operating_System
Disc	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
adopted	O
by	O
the	O
DVD	O
forum	O
and	O
renamed	O
to	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD	I-Operating_System
the	O
next	O
year	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD	I-Operating_System
Promotion	O
Group	O
was	O
a	O
group	O
of	O
manufacturers	O
and	O
media	O
studios	O
formed	O
to	O
exchange	O
thoughts	O
and	O
ideas	O
to	O
help	O
promote	O
the	O
format	O
worldwide	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD	I-Operating_System
promotion	O
group	O
was	O
officially	O
dissolved	O
on	O
March	O
28	O
,	O
2008	O
,	O
following	O
Toshiba	O
's	O
announcement	O
on	O
February	O
19	O
,	O
2008	O
that	O
it	O
would	O
no	O
longer	O
develop	O
or	O
manufacture	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD	I-Operating_System
players	O
and	O
drives	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Much	O
like	O
the	O
videotape	O
format	O
war	O
between	O
VHS	O
and	O
Betamax	O
,	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD	I-Operating_System
was	O
competing	O
with	O
a	O
rival	O
format	O
,	O
Blu-ray	O
Disc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
of	O
the	O
issues	O
was	O
that	O
Blu-ray	O
Disc	O
companies	O
wanted	O
to	O
use	O
a	O
Java-based	O
platform	O
for	O
interactivity	O
(	O
BD-J	B-Language
based	O
on	O
Sun	O
Microsystems	O
 '	O
Java	B-Language
TV	I-Language
standards	O
)	O
,	O
while	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD	I-Operating_System
companies	O
wanted	O
to	O
use	O
Microsoft	O
's	O
"	O
iHD	O
"	O
(	O
which	O
became	O
HDi	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
September	O
that	O
year	O
,	O
Microsoft	O
and	O
Intel	O
jointly	O
announced	O
their	O
support	O
for	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Hewlett-Packard	O
(	O
HP	O
)	O
attempted	O
to	O
broker	O
a	O
compromise	O
between	O
the	O
Blu-ray	O
Disc	O
Association	O
and	O
Microsoft	O
by	O
demanding	O
that	O
Blu-ray	O
Disc	O
use	O
Microsoft	O
's	O
HDi	O
instead	O
of	O
BD-J	B-Language
and	O
threatening	O
to	O
support	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD	I-Operating_System
instead	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
March	O
31	O
,	O
2006	O
,	O
Toshiba	O
released	O
their	O
first	O
consumer-based	O
HD	B-Device
DVD	I-Device
player	I-Device
in	O
Japan	O
at	O
¥	O
110,000	O
(	O
US$934	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HDDVD	B-Operating_System
was	O
released	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
on	O
April	O
18	O
,	O
2006	O
,	O
with	O
players	O
priced	O
at	O
$499	O
and	O
$799	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD	I-Operating_System
titles	O
were	O
released	O
on	O
April	O
18	O
,	O
2006	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
were	O
The	O
Last	O
Samurai	O
,	O
Million	O
Dollar	O
Baby	O
,	O
and	O
The	O
Phantom	O
of	O
the	O
Opera	O
by	O
Warner	O
Home	O
Video	O
and	O
Serenity	O
by	O
Universal	B-Application
Studios	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
independent	O
HD	O
film	O
released	O
on	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD	I-Operating_System
was	O
One	O
Six	O
Right	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
December	O
2006	O
Toshiba	O
reported	O
that	O
roughly	O
120,000	O
Toshiba	O
branded	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD	I-Operating_System
players	O
had	O
been	O
sold	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
,	O
along	O
with	O
150,000	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD	I-Operating_System
add-on	O
units	O
for	O
the	B-Operating_System
Xbox	I-Operating_System
360	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
April	O
17	O
,	O
2007	O
,	O
one	O
year	O
after	O
the	O
first	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD	I-Operating_System
titles	O
were	O
released	O
,	O
the	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD	I-Operating_System
group	O
reported	O
that	O
they	O
had	O
sold	O
100,000	O
dedicated	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD	I-Operating_System
units	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
middle	O
of	O
2007	O
,	O
the	O
first	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD	I-Operating_System
Recorders	O
were	O
released	O
in	O
Japan	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
same	O
month	O
,	O
the	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD	I-Operating_System
promotion	O
group	O
announced	O
that	O
750,000	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD	I-Operating_System
players	O
had	O
been	O
sold	O
,	O
which	O
included	O
stand-alone	O
players	O
and	O
the	B-Operating_System
Xbox	I-Operating_System
360	I-Operating_System
add-on	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
January	O
2008	O
Toshiba	O
announced	O
that	O
close	O
to	O
one	O
million	O
dedicated	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD	I-Operating_System
players	O
had	O
been	O
sold	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
June	O
24	O
,	O
2008	O
,	O
475	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD	I-Operating_System
titles	O
had	O
been	O
released	O
in	O
the	O
US	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
April	O
29	O
,	O
2008	O
,	O
236	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD	I-Operating_System
titles	O
had	O
been	O
released	O
in	O
Japan	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
January	O
4	O
,	O
2008	O
,	O
citing	O
consumer	O
confusion	O
and	O
indifference	O
as	O
a	O
reason	O
for	O
lackluster	O
high-definition	O
software	O
sales	O
,	O
Warner	O
Bros	O
.	O
publicly	O
announced	O
it	O
would	O
stop	O
supporting	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD	I-Operating_System
by	O
June	O
2008	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
company	O
would	O
release	O
HD	O
titles	O
only	O
on	O
Blu-ray	O
Disc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
was	O
followed	O
by	O
news	O
of	O
Netflix	O
phasing	O
out	O
support	O
for	O
the	O
format	O
,	O
and	O
Best	O
Buy	O
's	O
decision	O
to	O
recommend	O
Blu-ray	O
Disc	O
over	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD	I-Operating_System
in	O
its	O
retail	O
locations	O
and	O
to	O
remove	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD	I-Operating_System
players	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
its	O
ongoing	O
"	O
HDTV	B-Device
advantage	O
"	O
promotion	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
February	O
19	O
,	O
2008	O
,	O
Toshiba	O
announced	O
plans	O
to	O
discontinue	O
development	O
,	O
marketing	O
and	O
manufacturing	O
of	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD	I-Operating_System
players	O
while	O
still	O
providing	O
product	O
support	O
and	O
after-sale	O
service	O
to	O
consumers	O
of	O
the	O
format	O
(	O
including	O
firmware	O
updates	O
)	O
,	O
effectively	O
making	O
the	O
platform	O
obsolete	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Shipments	O
of	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD	I-Operating_System
machines	O
to	O
retailers	O
were	O
reduced	O
and	O
eventually	O
stopped	O
by	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
March	O
2008	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
final	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD	I-Operating_System
major-studio	O
releases	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
were	O
Paramount	O
's	O
Into	O
the	O
Wild	O
,	O
Warner	O
's	O
P.S.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
June	O
,	O
the	O
final	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD	I-Operating_System
,	O
Freedom	O
:	O
6	O
,	O
was	O
released	O
by	O
Bandai	O
Visual	O
,	O
which	O
acknowledged	O
the	O
demise	O
of	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD	I-Operating_System
,	O
but	O
stated	O
that	O
it	O
wanted	O
to	O
complete	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
the	O
seven-part	O
Freedom	O
Project	O
,	O
of	O
which	O
six	O
parts	O
had	O
been	O
released	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Pan	O
's	O
Labyrinth	O
is	O
also	O
notable	O
as	O
New	O
Line	O
Cinema	O
's	O
only	O
film	O
to	O
be	O
released	O
on	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD	I-Operating_System
,	O
as	O
the	O
studio	O
quickly	O
shifted	O
to	O
Blu-ray	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Death	O
Proof	O
was	O
released	O
on	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD	I-Operating_System
format	O
as	O
a	O
special-release	O
steelbook	O
by	O
Senator	O
Films	O
in	O
Germany	O
on	O
December	O
15	O
,	O
2008	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
April	O
3	O
,	O
2010	O
,	O
Engadget	B-Application
reported	O
that	O
Anthem	O
Films	O
would	O
release	O
the	O
film	O
Deadlands	O
2	O
:	O
Trapped	O
on	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD	I-Operating_System
in	O
a	O
limited	O
run	O
of	O
500	O
copies	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
eventually	O
happened	O
in	O
the	O
form	O
of	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD-Rs	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Deadlands	O
:	O
The	O
Rising	O
,	O
announced	O
on	O
September	O
5	O
,	O
2010	O
,	O
was	O
released	O
on	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD	I-Operating_System
in	O
limited	O
numbers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
with	O
the	O
previously	O
released	O
Deadlands	O
2	O
:	O
Trapped	O
,	O
the	O
film	O
was	O
pressed	O
on	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD-R	I-Operating_System
disc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
mid-2009	O
,	O
Warner	O
offered	O
to	O
replace	O
any	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD	I-Operating_System
Warner	O
home	O
video	O
release	O
with	O
a	O
Blu-ray	O
Disc	O
equivalent	O
for	O
$4.95	O
,	O
plus	O
$6.95	O
shipping	O
to	O
the	O
contiguous	O
United	O
States	O
or	O
$8.95	O
to	O
Alaska	O
,	O
Hawaii	O
or	O
Puerto	O
Rico	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
deal	O
required	O
the	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD	I-Operating_System
's	O
original	O
sleeve	O
art	O
to	O
be	O
returned	O
to	O
Warner	O
as	O
proof	O
of	O
purchase	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Multi-disc	O
sets	O
were	O
exchangeable	O
at	O
a	O
discount	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
$14.95	O
for	O
the	O
five-disc	O
Blade	B-Application
Runner	I-Application
release	O
rather	O
than	O
$24.75	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
current	O
specification	O
books	O
for	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD	I-Operating_System
are	O
listed	O
at	O
the	O
DVD	O
FLLC	O
website	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD-ROM	I-Operating_System
,	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD-R	I-Operating_System
and	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD-RW	I-Operating_System
have	O
a	O
single-layer	O
capacity	O
of	O
15GB	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
dual-layer	O
capacity	O
of	O
30GB	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Like	O
the	O
original	O
DVD	O
format	O
,	O
the	O
data	O
layer	O
of	O
an	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD	I-Operating_System
is	O
0.6mm	O
below	O
the	O
surface	O
to	O
physically	O
protect	O
the	O
data	O
layer	O
from	O
damage	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD	I-Operating_System
players	O
are	O
backward	B-General_Concept
compatible	I-General_Concept
with	O
DVD	O
and	O
CD	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
with	O
previous	O
optical	B-Device
disc	I-Device
formats	O
,	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD	I-Operating_System
supports	O
several	O
file	B-Application
systems	I-Application
,	O
such	O
as	O
ISO	B-Application
9660	I-Application
and	O
Universal	O
Disk	O
Format	O
(	O
UDF	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD	I-Operating_System
titles	O
use	O
UDF	O
version	O
2.5	O
as	O
the	O
file	B-Application
system	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
this	O
file	B-Application
system	I-Application
,	O
multiplexed	B-Architecture
audio	O
and	O
video	O
streams	O
are	O
stored	O
in	O
EVO	B-Device
container	O
format	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD	I-Operating_System
format	O
supports	O
encoding	O
in	O
up	O
to	O
24-bit/192kHz	O
for	O
two	O
channels	O
,	O
or	O
up	O
to	O
eight	O
channels	O
of	O
up	O
to	O
24-bit/96kHz	O
encoding	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD	I-Operating_System
players	O
are	O
required	O
to	O
decode	O
uncompressed	O
linear	B-Algorithm
PCM	I-Algorithm
,	O
Dolby	O
Digital	O
AC-3	O
,	O
Dolby	O
Digital	O
EX	O
,	O
DTS	O
,	O
Dolby	O
Digital	O
Plus	O
E-AC-3	O
and	O
Dolby	O
TrueHD	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
secondary	O
soundtrack	O
,	O
if	O
present	O
,	O
can	O
be	O
stored	O
in	O
any	O
of	O
the	O
aforementioned	O
formats	O
,	O
or	O
in	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD	I-Operating_System
optional	O
codecs	B-General_Concept
:	O
DTS-HD	O
High	O
Resolution	O
Audio	O
and	O
DTS-HD	O
Master	O
Audio	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
the	O
highest-fidelity	O
audio	O
experience	O
,	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD	I-Operating_System
offers	O
content-producers	O
the	O
choice	O
of	O
LPCM	B-Algorithm
,	O
Dolby	O
TrueHD	O
and	O
DTS-HD	O
Master	O
Audio	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD	I-Operating_System
video	O
can	O
be	O
encoded	O
using	O
VC-1	B-Operating_System
,	O
H.264/MPEG	B-Application
-4	I-Application
AVC	I-Application
,	O
or	O
H.262/MPEG	B-Algorithm
-2	I-Algorithm
Part	I-Algorithm
2	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
wide	O
variety	O
of	O
resolutions	O
are	O
supported	O
,	O
from	O
low-resolution	O
CIF	B-Application
,	O
all	O
SDTV	B-Device
resolutions	O
supported	O
by	O
DVD-Video	O
,	O
and	O
HDTV	B-Device
formats	O
:	O
720p	O
,	O
1080i	O
,	O
and	O
1080p	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
vast	O
majority	O
of	O
releases	O
were	O
encoded	O
with	O
VC-1	B-Operating_System
,	O
and	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
remaining	O
titles	O
encoded	O
with	O
H.264/MPEG	B-Application
-4	I-Application
AVC	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
If	O
a	O
publisher	O
wishes	O
to	O
restrict	O
use	O
of	O
its	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD	I-Operating_System
content	O
,	O
it	O
may	O
use	O
the	O
Advanced	O
Access	O
Content	O
System	O
(	O
AACS	O
)	O
although	O
this	O
is	O
not	O
required	O
for	O
normal	O
disc	O
playback	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
developed	O
by	O
AACS	O
Licensing	O
Administrator	O
,	O
LLC	O
(	O
AACS	O
LA	O
)	O
,	O
a	O
consortium	B-Application
that	O
includes	O
Disney	O
,	O
Intel	O
,	O
Microsoft	O
,	O
Panasonic	O
,	O
Warner	O
Bros.	O
,	O
IBM	O
,	O
Toshiba	O
and	O
Sony	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
of	O
the	O
advantages	O
over	O
CSS	B-Language
,	O
the	O
content	O
restriction	O
system	O
for	O
DVDs	O
,	O
is	O
that	O
AACS	O
allows	O
content	O
providers	O
to	O
revoke	O
an	O
individual	O
player	O
device	O
model	O
if	O
its	O
cryptographic	O
keys	O
have	O
been	O
compromised	O
(	O
meaning	O
that	O
it	O
will	O
not	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
decrypt	O
subsequently	O
released	O
content	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
is	O
no	O
Region	O
Coding	O
in	O
the	O
existing	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD	I-Operating_System
specification	O
,	O
which	O
means	O
that	O
titles	O
from	O
any	O
country	O
can	O
be	O
played	O
in	O
players	O
in	O
any	O
other	O
country	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
known	O
attack	O
relied	O
on	O
the	O
trusted	B-Protocol
client	I-Protocol
problem	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
caused	O
trouble	O
on	O
some	O
sites	O
that	O
rely	O
on	O
user-submitted	O
content	O
,	O
like	O
Digg	B-Application
and	O
Wikipedia	O
,	O
when	O
administrators	O
tried	O
to	O
remove	O
any	O
mentions	O
of	O
the	O
key	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AACS	O
has	O
also	O
been	O
circumvented	O
by	O
SlySoft	O
with	O
their	O
program	O
AnyDVD	O
HD	O
,	O
which	O
allows	O
users	O
to	O
watch	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD	I-Operating_System
movies	O
on	O
non-HDCP-compliant	O
PC	O
hardware	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HD	B-Operating_System
DVDs	I-Operating_System
use	O
Advanced	O
Content	O
to	O
allow	O
interactive	O
content	O
to	O
be	O
authored	O
for	O
discs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Advanced	O
Content	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
web	O
technologies	O
such	O
as	O
HTML	B-Language
,	O
XML	B-Protocol
,	O
CSS	B-Language
,	O
SMIL	B-Language
,	O
and	O
ECMAScript	B-Language
(	O
JavaScript	B-Language
)	O
,	O
so	O
authoring	O
in	O
Advanced	O
Content	O
should	O
be	O
a	O
fairly	O
easy	O
transition	O
for	O
web	O
developers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
comparison	O
,	O
Blu-ray	O
Disc	O
content	O
is	O
authored	O
using	O
either	O
a	O
scripting	O
environment	O
(	O
BDMV	O
)	O
or	O
a	O
Java-based	O
platform	O
(	O
BD-J	B-Language
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Backward	B-General_Concept
compatibility	I-General_Concept
is	O
available	O
with	O
all	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD	I-Operating_System
players	O
,	O
allowing	O
users	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
single	O
player	O
to	O
play	O
all	O
types	O
of	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD	I-Operating_System
,	O
DVD	O
and	O
CD	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
is	O
also	O
a	O
hybrid	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD	I-Operating_System
format	O
which	O
contains	O
both	O
DVD	O
and	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD	I-Operating_System
versions	O
of	O
the	O
same	O
movie	O
on	O
a	O
single	O
disc	O
,	O
providing	O
a	O
smooth	O
transition	O
for	O
the	O
studios	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
publishing	O
movies	O
,	O
and	O
allowing	O
consumers	O
with	O
only	O
DVD	O
players	O
to	O
still	O
use	O
the	O
discs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DVD	O
replication	O
companies	O
can	O
continue	O
using	O
their	O
current	O
production	O
equipment	O
with	O
only	O
minor	O
alterations	O
when	O
changing	O
over	O
to	O
the	O
format	O
of	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD	I-Operating_System
replication	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Due	O
to	O
the	O
structure	O
of	O
the	O
single-lens	O
optical	O
head	O
,	O
both	O
red	O
and	O
blue	O
laser	O
diodes	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
in	O
smaller	O
,	O
more	O
compact	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD	I-Operating_System
players	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD	I-Operating_System
discs	O
ca	O
n't	O
be	O
played	O
on	O
standard	O
DVD	O
players	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD	I-Operating_System
drives	O
can	O
also	O
be	O
used	O
with	O
a	O
desktop/laptop	O
personal	O
computer	O
(	O
PC	O
)	O
running	O
Windows	B-Application
XP	I-Application
,	O
Windows	B-Application
Vista	I-Application
,	O
Mac	B-Application
OS	I-Application
X	I-Application
v10.5	I-Application
"	O
Leopard	B-Application
"	O
,	O
and	O
many	O
varieties	O
of	O
Linux	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Third-party	O
player	O
software	O
for	O
Windows	O
and	O
Linux	B-Application
have	O
successfully	O
played	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD	I-Operating_System
titles	O
using	O
the	O
add-on	O
drive	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Released	O
at	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
November	O
2006	O
,	O
the	O
Microsoft	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD	I-Operating_System
drive	O
for	O
the	B-Operating_System
Xbox	I-Operating_System
360	I-Operating_System
game-console	O
gives	O
the	B-Operating_System
Xbox	I-Operating_System
360	I-Operating_System
the	O
ability	O
to	O
play	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD	I-Operating_System
movies	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
drive	O
was	O
announced	O
with	O
an	O
MSRP	O
of	O
US$199	O
and	O
includes	O
a	O
USB	B-Protocol
2.0	I-Protocol
cable	I-Protocol
for	O
connection	O
to	O
the	O
console	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
drives	O
also	O
included	O
Peter	O
Jackson	O
's	O
King	O
Kong	O
or	O
Christopher	O
Nolan	O
's	O
Batman	B-Application
Begins	I-Application
on	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
February	O
23	O
,	O
2008	O
Microsoft	O
discontinued	O
the	B-Operating_System
Xbox	I-Operating_System
360	I-Operating_System
HD	B-Device
DVD	I-Device
player	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
February	O
26	O
,	O
2008	O
,	O
Microsoft	O
"	O
officially	O
"	O
announced	O
that	O
the	B-Operating_System
Xbox	I-Operating_System
360	I-Operating_System
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD	I-Operating_System
add	O
on	O
drive	O
would	O
reflect	O
a	O
heavily	O
discounted	O
price	O
down	O
to	O
$49.99	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2007	O
,	O
LG	O
and	O
Samsung	O
released	O
standalone	O
consumer	O
players	O
that	O
could	O
read	O
both	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD	I-Operating_System
and	O
Blu-ray	O
Discs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
LG	O
marketed	O
a	O
Blu-ray	O
writer	O
that	O
also	O
read	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD	I-Operating_System
discs	O
(	O
but	O
could	O
not	O
write	O
to	O
them	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD	I-Operating_System
competed	O
primarily	O
with	O
Blu-ray	O
Disc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Blu-ray	O
Disc	O
and	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD	I-Operating_System
share	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
same	O
methods	O
of	O
encoding	O
media	O
onto	O
discs	O
with	O
each	O
other	O
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
equivalent	O
levels	O
of	O
audio	O
and	O
visual	O
quality	O
,	O
but	O
differ	O
in	O
other	O
aspects	O
such	O
as	O
interactive	O
capabilities	O
,	O
internet	O
integration	O
,	O
usage	O
control	O
and	O
enforcement	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
which	O
features	O
were	O
mandatory	O
for	O
players	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
storage	O
size	O
also	O
varies	O
:	O
A	O
dual-layer	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD	I-Operating_System
holds	O
a	O
maximum	O
of	O
30GB	O
of	O
data	O
,	O
while	O
a	O
dual-layer	O
Blu-ray	O
Disc	O
carries	O
50	O
GB	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Even	O
after	O
finalizing	O
the	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD	I-Operating_System
standard	O
,	O
engineers	O
continued	O
developing	O
the	O
technology	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Specification	O
2.0	O
Part	O
1	O
(	O
Physical	O
Specification	O
)	O
for	O
triple	O
layer	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD	I-Operating_System
had	O
been	O
approved	O
in	O
November	O
2007	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
the	O
CES	O
2007	O
,	O
Ritek	O
revealed	O
their	O
high	O
definition	O
optical	B-Device
disc	I-Device
process	O
that	O
extended	O
both	O
competing	O
high	O
definition	O
formats	O
to	O
ten	O
layers	O
,	O
increasing	O
capacity	O
to	O
150GB	O
for	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD	I-Operating_System
and	O
250	O
GB	O
for	O
Blu-ray	O
Disc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
major	O
obstacle	O
to	O
implementing	O
this	O
technology	O
in	O
either	O
format	O
(	O
150	O
GB	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD	I-Operating_System
will	O
not	O
be	O
developed	O
due	O
to	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD	I-Operating_System
's	O
discontinuation	O
)	O
is	O
that	O
reader-writer	O
technology	O
available	O
may	O
not	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
support	O
the	O
additional	O
data	O
layers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
NEC	O
,	O
Broadcom	O
,	O
Horizon	O
Semiconductors	O
,	O
and	O
STMicroelectronics	O
have	O
separately	O
developed	O
a	O
single	O
chip/laser	O
that	O
can	O
read	O
both	O
the	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD	I-Operating_System
and	O
the	O
Blu-ray	O
Disc	O
standard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD-R	I-Operating_System
is	O
the	O
writable	O
disc	O
variant	O
of	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD	I-Operating_System
,	O
available	O
with	O
a	O
single-layer	O
capacity	O
of	O
15	O
GB	O
or	O
a	O
dual-layer	O
capacity	O
of	O
30	O
GB	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Toshiba	O
SD-L902A	B-Operating_System
for	O
notebooks	O
was	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
first	O
available	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD	I-Operating_System
writers	O
,	O
although	O
it	O
was	O
not	O
meant	O
for	O
retail	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Burning	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD	I-Operating_System
(	O
including	O
Dual	O
Layer	O
)	O
with	O
a	O
1×	O
write	O
speed	O
,	O
it	O
could	O
also	O
burn	O
DVDs	O
and	O
CDs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
a	O
test	O
of	O
the	O
SD-L902A	B-Operating_System
by	O
C't	O
computer	O
magazine	O
with	O
Verbatim	O
discs	O
,	O
the	O
written	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD-Rs	I-Operating_System
suffered	O
from	O
high	O
noise	O
levels	O
,	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
,	O
the	O
written	O
discs	O
could	O
not	O
be	O
recognized	O
by	O
the	O
external	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD	I-Operating_System
drive	O
of	O
the	B-Operating_System
Xbox	I-Operating_System
360	I-Operating_System
,	O
though	O
they	O
could	O
be	O
read	O
back	O
by	O
the	O
SD-L902A	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD-RW	I-Operating_System
is	O
the	O
rewritable	O
disc	O
variant	O
of	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD	I-Operating_System
with	O
equal	O
storage	O
capacity	O
to	O
an	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD-R	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
primary	O
advantage	O
of	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD-RW	I-Operating_System
over	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD-R	I-Operating_System
is	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
erase	O
and	O
rewrite	O
to	O
an	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD-RW	I-Operating_System
disc	O
,	O
up	O
to	O
about	O
1,000	O
times	O
before	O
needing	O
replacement	O
,	O
making	O
them	O
comparable	O
with	O
the	O
CD-RW	O
and	O
DVD-RW	O
standards	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
dual-layer	O
variant	O
was	O
never	O
released	O
and	O
the	O
single-layer	O
variant	O
was	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
is	O
among	O
the	O
rarest	O
of	O
optical	B-Device
media	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
HD	O
DVD-RAM	O
was	O
the	O
proposed	O
successor	O
to	O
DVD-RAM	O
for	O
random	O
access	O
on	O
optical	B-Device
media	I-Device
using	O
phase-change	O
principals	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
would	O
hold	O
20	O
gigabytes	O
per	O
layer	O
instead	O
of	O
15	O
gigabytes	O
for	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD-R	I-Operating_System
,	O
due	O
to	O
differences	O
in	O
recording	O
methods	O
used	O
,	O
yielding	O
a	O
higher	O
density	O
disc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
variant	O
of	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD	I-Operating_System
was	O
never	O
released	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
two	O
types	O
of	O
hybrid	O
formats	O
which	O
contain	O
standard	O
DVD-Video	O
format	O
video	O
for	O
playback	O
in	O
regular	O
DVD	O
players	O
,	O
and	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD	I-Operating_System
video	O
for	O
playback	O
in	O
high	O
definition	O
on	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD	I-Operating_System
players	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Combo	O
disc	O
is	O
a	O
dual	O
sided	O
disc	O
with	O
one	O
side	O
DVD	O
and	O
the	O
other	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD	I-Operating_System
,	O
each	O
of	O
which	O
can	O
have	O
up	O
to	O
two	O
layers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Twin	O
disc	O
is	O
a	O
single	O
sided	O
disc	O
that	O
can	O
have	O
up	O
to	O
three	O
layers	O
,	O
with	O
up	O
to	O
two	O
layers	O
dedicated	O
to	O
either	O
DVD	O
or	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
average	O
consumer	O
does	O
not	O
have	O
to	O
worry	O
about	O
whether	O
or	O
not	O
they	O
can	O
play	O
a	O
hybrid	O
DVD	O
:	O
any	O
standard	O
home	O
DVD	O
player	O
can	O
access	O
the	O
DVD-encoded	O
content	O
and	O
any	O
HD	B-Device
DVD	I-Device
player	I-Device
can	O
access	O
both	O
the	O
DVD	O
-	O
and	O
HD	O
DVD-encoded	O
content	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Warner	O
Bros	O
.	O
officially	O
announced	O
Total	B-Device
Hi	I-Device
Def	I-Device
(	O
THD	O
or	O
Total	B-Device
HD	I-Device
)	O
at	O
CES	O
2007	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
THD	O
hybrid	O
discs	O
were	O
to	O
support	O
both	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD	I-Operating_System
and	O
Blu-ray	O
Disc	O
,	O
with	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD	I-Operating_System
on	O
one	O
side	O
(	O
up	O
to	O
two	O
layers	O
)	O
and	O
Blu-ray	O
Disc	O
on	O
the	O
other	O
side	O
(	O
up	O
to	O
two	O
layers	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD	I-Operating_System
format	O
also	O
applies	O
to	O
current	O
red	O
laser	O
DVDs	O
;	O
this	O
type	O
of	O
disc	O
is	O
called	O
"	O
3×	O
DVD	O
"	O
,	O
as	O
it	O
is	O
capable	O
of	O
three	O
times	O
the	O
bandwidth	O
of	O
regular	O
DVD-Video	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
an	O
8.5	O
GB	O
DVD	O
DL	O
can	O
hold	O
about	O
90	O
minutes	O
of	O
1080p	O
video	O
encoded	O
with	O
VC-1	B-Operating_System
or	O
AVC	O
at	O
an	O
average	O
bitrate	O
of	O
12	O
Mbit/s	O
,	O
which	O
corresponds	O
with	O
the	O
average	O
length	O
of	O
Hollywood	O
feature-films	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
technically	O
possible	O
for	O
consumers	O
to	O
create	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD	I-Operating_System
compatible	O
discs	O
using	O
low	O
cost	O
DVD-R	O
or	O
DVD+R	O
media	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HD	O
Rec	O
is	O
an	O
extension	O
of	O
the	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD	I-Operating_System
format	O
for	O
recording	O
HD	O
content	O
on	O
regular	O
red	O
laser	O
DVD-Rs/DVD	O
-RWs	O
using	O
H.264/MPEG	B-Application
-4	I-Application
AVC	I-Application
compression	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
China	O
Blue	O
High-definition	O
Disc	O
(	O
CBHD	O
)	O
,	O
a	O
high-definition	O
optical	B-Device
disc	I-Device
format	O
,	O
was	O
based	O
upon	O
the	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD	I-Operating_System
format	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Like	O
the	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD	I-Operating_System
,	O
CBHD	O
discs	O
have	O
a	O
capacity	O
of	O
15	O
GB	O
single-layer	O
and	O
30	O
GB	O
dual-layer	O
and	O
can	O
use	O
existing	O
DVD	O
production	O
lines	O
.	O
</s>
