<s>
High-Definition	B-Protocol
Multimedia	I-Protocol
Interface	I-Protocol
(	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
)	O
is	O
a	O
proprietary	B-Device
audio/video	O
interface	B-Application
for	O
transmitting	O
uncompressed	B-Device
video	I-Device
data	O
and	O
compressed	O
or	O
uncompressed	B-Device
digital	O
audio	O
data	O
from	O
an	O
HDMI-compliant	O
source	O
device	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
a	O
display	O
controller	O
,	O
to	O
a	O
compatible	O
computer	B-Device
monitor	I-Device
,	O
video	B-Device
projector	I-Device
,	O
digital	B-Application
television	I-Application
,	O
or	O
digital	O
audio	O
device	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HDMI	B-Protocol
is	O
a	O
digital	O
replacement	O
for	O
analog	O
video	O
standards	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HDMI	B-Protocol
implements	O
the	O
EIA/CEA	O
-861	O
standards	O
,	O
which	O
define	O
video	O
formats	O
and	O
waveforms	O
,	O
transport	O
of	O
compressed	O
and	O
uncompressed	B-Device
LPCM	B-Algorithm
audio	O
,	O
auxiliary	O
data	O
,	O
and	O
implementations	O
of	O
the	O
VESA	B-General_Concept
EDID	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
CEA-861	O
signals	O
carried	O
by	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
are	O
electrically	O
compatible	O
with	O
the	O
CEA-861	O
signals	O
used	O
by	O
the	O
Digital	B-Protocol
Visual	I-Protocol
Interface	I-Protocol
(	O
DVI	B-Protocol
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
No	O
signal	O
conversion	O
is	O
necessary	O
,	O
nor	O
is	O
there	O
a	O
loss	O
of	O
video	O
quality	O
when	O
a	O
DVI-to-HDMI	O
adapter	O
is	O
used	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Consumer	O
Electronics	O
Control	O
(	O
CEC	O
)	O
capability	O
allows	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
devices	O
to	O
control	O
each	O
other	O
when	O
necessary	O
and	O
allows	O
the	O
user	O
to	O
operate	O
multiple	O
devices	O
with	O
one	O
handheld	O
remote	B-Protocol
control	I-Protocol
device	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Several	O
versions	O
of	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
have	O
been	O
developed	O
and	O
deployed	O
since	O
the	O
initial	O
release	O
of	O
the	O
technology	O
,	O
occasionally	O
introducing	O
new	O
connectors	O
with	O
smaller	O
form	O
factors	O
,	O
but	O
all	O
versions	O
still	O
use	O
the	O
same	O
basic	O
pinout	O
and	O
are	O
compatible	O
with	O
all	O
connector	O
types	O
and	O
cables	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
than	O
improved	O
audio	O
and	O
video	O
capacity	O
,	O
performance	O
,	O
resolution	O
and	O
color	B-Algorithm
spaces	I-Algorithm
,	O
newer	O
versions	O
have	O
optional	O
advanced	O
features	O
such	O
as	O
3D	B-Algorithm
,	O
Ethernet	O
data	O
connection	O
,	O
and	O
CEC	O
extensions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Production	O
of	O
consumer	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
products	O
started	O
in	O
late	O
2003	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
Europe	O
,	O
either	O
DVI-HDCP	O
or	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
is	O
included	O
in	O
the	O
HD	O
ready	O
in-store	O
labeling	O
specification	O
for	O
TV	O
sets	O
for	O
HDTV	B-Device
,	O
formulated	O
by	O
EICTA	O
with	O
SES	O
Astra	O
in	O
2005	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HDMI	B-Protocol
began	O
to	O
appear	O
on	O
consumer	O
HDTVs	B-Device
in	O
2004	O
and	O
camcorders	O
and	O
digital	B-Device
still	I-Device
cameras	I-Device
in	O
2006	O
.	O
,	O
nearly	O
10	O
billion	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
devices	O
have	O
been	O
sold	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
founders	O
were	O
Hitachi	O
,	O
Panasonic	O
,	O
Philips	O
,	O
Silicon	O
Image	O
,	O
Sony	O
,	O
Thomson	O
,	O
and	O
Toshiba	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Digital	O
Content	O
Protection	O
,	O
LLC	O
provides	O
HDCP	B-Protocol
(	O
which	O
was	O
developed	O
by	O
Intel	O
)	O
for	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
HDMI	B-Protocol
has	O
the	O
support	O
of	O
motion	O
picture	O
producers	O
Fox	O
,	O
Universal	O
,	O
Warner	O
Bros	O
.	O
and	O
Disney	O
,	O
along	O
with	O
system	O
operators	O
DirecTV	O
,	O
EchoStar	O
(	O
Dish	O
Network	O
)	O
and	O
CableLabs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
founders	O
began	O
development	O
on	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
1.0	O
on	O
April	O
16	O
,	O
2002	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
goal	O
of	O
creating	O
an	O
AV	O
connector	O
that	O
was	O
backward-compatible	B-General_Concept
with	O
DVI	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
the	O
time	O
,	O
DVI-HDCP	O
(	O
DVI	B-Protocol
with	O
HDCP	B-Protocol
)	O
and	O
DVI-HDTV	O
(	O
DVI-HDCP	O
using	O
the	O
CEA-861-B	O
video	O
standard	O
)	O
were	O
being	O
used	O
on	O
HDTVs	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
HDMI	B-Protocol
1.0	O
was	O
designed	O
to	O
improve	O
on	O
DVI-HDTV	O
by	O
using	O
a	O
smaller	O
connector	O
and	O
adding	O
audio	O
capability	O
and	O
enhanced	O
capability	O
and	O
consumer	O
electronics	O
control	O
functions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
Authorized	O
Testing	O
Center	O
(	O
ATC	O
)	O
,	O
which	O
tests	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
products	O
,	O
was	O
opened	O
by	O
Silicon	O
Image	O
on	O
June	O
23	O
,	O
2003	O
,	O
in	O
California	O
,	O
United	O
States	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
website	O
contains	O
a	O
list	O
of	O
all	O
the	O
ATCs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
According	O
to	O
In-Stat	O
,	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
devices	O
sold	O
was	O
5	O
million	O
in	O
2004	O
,	O
17.4	O
million	O
in	O
2005	O
,	O
63	O
million	O
in	O
2006	O
,	O
and	O
143	O
million	O
in	O
2007	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HDMI	B-Protocol
has	O
become	O
the	O
de	O
facto	O
standard	O
for	O
HDTVs	B-Device
,	O
and	O
according	O
to	O
In-Stat	O
,	O
around	O
90%	O
of	O
digital	B-Application
televisions	I-Application
in	O
2007	O
included	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
In-Stat	O
has	O
estimated	O
that	O
229	O
million	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
devices	O
were	O
sold	O
in	O
2008	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
April	O
8	O
,	O
2008	O
there	O
were	O
over	O
850	O
consumer	O
electronics	O
and	O
PC	O
companies	O
that	O
had	O
adopted	O
the	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
specification	O
(	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
adopters	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
January	O
7	O
,	O
2009	O
,	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
Licensing	O
,	O
LLC	O
announced	O
that	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
had	O
reached	O
an	O
installed	O
base	O
of	O
over	O
600	O
million	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In-Stat	O
has	O
estimated	O
that	O
394	O
million	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
devices	O
would	O
sell	O
in	O
2009	O
and	O
that	O
all	O
digital	B-Application
televisions	I-Application
by	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
2009	O
would	O
have	O
at	O
least	O
one	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
input	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
January	O
28	O
,	O
2008	O
,	O
In-Stat	O
reported	O
that	O
shipments	O
of	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
were	O
expected	O
to	O
exceed	O
those	O
of	O
DVI	B-Protocol
in	O
2008	O
,	O
driven	O
primarily	O
by	O
the	O
consumer	O
electronics	O
market	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2008	O
,	O
PC	O
Magazine	O
awarded	O
a	O
Technical	O
Excellence	O
Award	O
in	O
the	O
Home	O
Theater	O
category	O
for	O
an	O
"	O
innovation	O
that	O
has	O
changed	O
the	O
world	O
"	O
to	O
the	O
CEC	O
portion	O
of	O
the	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
specification	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ten	O
companies	O
were	O
given	O
a	O
Technology	O
and	O
Engineering	O
Emmy	O
Award	O
for	O
their	O
development	O
of	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
by	O
the	O
National	O
Academy	O
of	O
Television	O
Arts	O
and	O
Sciences	O
on	O
January	O
7	O
,	O
2009	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
October	O
25	O
,	O
2011	O
,	O
the	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
Forum	O
was	O
established	O
by	O
the	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
founders	O
to	O
create	O
an	O
open	O
organization	O
so	O
that	O
interested	O
companies	O
can	O
participate	O
in	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
the	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
specification	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
members	O
of	O
the	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
Forum	O
have	O
equal	O
voting	O
rights	O
,	O
may	O
participate	O
in	O
the	O
Technical	O
Working	O
Group	O
,	O
and	O
if	O
elected	O
can	O
be	O
on	O
the	O
Board	O
of	O
Directors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
is	O
no	O
limit	O
to	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
companies	O
allowed	O
in	O
the	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
Forum	O
though	O
companies	O
must	O
pay	O
an	O
annual	O
fee	O
of	O
US$	O
15,000	O
with	O
an	O
additional	O
annual	O
fee	O
of	O
$	O
5,000	O
for	O
those	O
companies	O
that	O
serve	O
on	O
the	O
Board	O
of	O
Directors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Board	O
of	O
Directors	O
is	O
made	O
up	O
of	O
11	O
companies	O
who	O
are	O
elected	O
every	O
2	O
years	O
by	O
a	O
general	O
vote	O
of	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
Forum	O
members	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
future	O
development	O
of	O
the	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
specification	O
take	O
place	O
in	O
the	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
Forum	O
and	O
are	O
built	O
upon	O
the	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
1.4b	O
specification	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Also	O
on	O
the	O
same	O
day	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
Licensing	O
,	O
LLC	O
announced	O
that	O
there	O
were	O
over	O
1,100	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
adopters	O
and	O
that	O
over	O
2	O
billion	O
HDMI-enabled	O
products	O
had	O
shipped	O
since	O
the	O
launch	O
of	O
the	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
standard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
From	O
October	O
25	O
,	O
2011	O
,	O
all	O
development	O
of	O
the	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
specification	O
became	O
the	O
responsibility	O
of	O
the	O
newly	O
created	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
Forum	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
January	O
8	O
,	O
2013	O
,	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
Licensing	O
,	O
LLC	O
announced	O
that	O
there	O
were	O
over	O
1,300	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
adopters	O
and	O
that	O
over	O
3	O
billion	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
devices	O
had	O
shipped	O
since	O
the	O
launch	O
of	O
the	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
standard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
day	O
also	O
marked	O
the	O
10th	O
anniversary	O
of	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
the	O
first	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
specification	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
,	O
nearly	O
10	O
billion	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
devices	O
had	O
been	O
sold	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
specification	O
defines	O
the	O
protocols	O
,	O
signals	O
,	O
electrical	O
interfaces	B-Application
and	O
mechanical	O
requirements	O
of	O
the	O
standard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
maximum	O
pixel	O
clock	O
rate	O
for	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
1.0	O
is	O
165MHz	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
sufficient	O
to	O
allow	O
1080p	O
and	O
WUXGA	O
(	O
1920×1200	O
)	O
at	O
60Hz	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HDMI	B-Protocol
1.3	O
increases	O
that	O
to	O
340MHz	O
,	O
which	O
allows	O
for	O
higher	O
resolution	O
(	O
such	O
as	O
WQXGA	O
,	O
2560×1600	O
)	O
across	O
a	O
single	O
digital	O
link	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
connection	O
can	O
either	O
be	O
single-link	O
(	O
type	O
A/C/D	O
)	O
or	O
dual-link	O
(	O
type	O
B	O
)	O
and	O
can	O
have	O
a	O
video	O
pixel	O
rate	O
of	O
25MHz	O
to	O
340MHz	O
(	O
for	O
a	O
single-link	O
connection	O
)	O
or	O
25MHz	O
to	O
680MHz	O
(	O
for	O
a	O
dual-link	O
connection	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HDMI	B-Protocol
uses	O
the	O
Consumer	O
Technology	O
Association/Electronic	O
Industries	O
Alliance	O
861	O
standards	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HDMI	B-Protocol
1.0	O
to	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
1.2a	O
uses	O
the	O
EIA/CEA	O
-861-B	O
video	O
standard	O
,	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
1.3	O
uses	O
the	O
CEA-861-D	O
video	O
standard	O
,	O
and	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
1.4	O
uses	O
the	O
CEA-861-E	O
video	O
standard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
CEA-861-E	O
document	O
defines	O
"	O
video	O
formats	O
and	O
waveforms	O
;	O
colorimetry	O
and	O
quantization	O
;	O
transport	O
of	O
compressed	O
and	O
uncompressed	B-Device
LPCM	B-Algorithm
audio	O
;	O
carriage	O
of	O
auxiliary	O
data	O
;	O
and	O
implementations	O
of	O
the	O
Video	O
Electronics	O
Standards	O
Association	O
(	O
VESA	O
)	O
Enhanced	O
Extended	B-General_Concept
Display	I-General_Concept
Identification	I-General_Concept
Data	I-General_Concept
Standard	O
(	O
E-EDID	O
)	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
July	O
15	O
,	O
2013	O
,	O
the	O
CEA	O
announced	O
the	O
publication	O
of	O
CEA-861-F	O
,	O
a	O
standard	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
by	O
video	O
interfaces	B-Application
such	O
as	O
DVI	B-Protocol
,	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
,	O
and	O
LVDS	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
CEA-861-F	O
adds	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
transmit	O
several	O
Ultra	B-Device
HD	I-Device
video	O
formats	O
and	O
additional	O
color	B-Algorithm
spaces	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
ensure	O
baseline	O
compatibility	O
between	O
different	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
sources	O
and	O
displays	O
(	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
backward	B-General_Concept
compatibility	I-General_Concept
with	O
the	O
electrically	O
compatible	O
DVI	B-Protocol
standard	O
)	O
all	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
devices	O
must	O
implement	O
the	O
sRGB	O
color	B-Algorithm
space	I-Algorithm
at	O
8	O
bits	O
per	O
component	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ability	O
to	O
use	O
the	O
color	B-Algorithm
space	I-Algorithm
and	O
higher	O
color	O
depths	O
(	O
"	O
deep	O
color	O
"	O
)	O
is	O
optional	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HDMI	B-Protocol
permits	O
sRGB	O
4:4:4	O
chroma	O
subsampling	O
(	O
8	O
–	O
16	O
bits	O
per	O
component	O
)	O
,	O
xvYCC	O
4:4:4	O
chroma	O
subsampling	O
(	O
8	O
–	O
16	O
bits	O
per	O
component	O
)	O
,	O
4:4:4	O
chroma	O
subsampling	O
(	O
8	O
–	O
16	O
bits	O
per	O
component	O
)	O
,	O
or	O
4:2:2	O
chroma	O
subsampling	O
(	O
8	O
–	O
12	O
bits	O
per	O
component	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
color	B-Algorithm
spaces	I-Algorithm
that	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
by	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
are	O
ITU-R	O
BT.601	O
,	O
ITU-R	B-Device
BT.709-5	I-Device
and	O
IEC	O
61966-2-4	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
digital	O
audio	O
,	O
if	O
an	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
device	O
has	O
audio	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
required	O
to	O
implement	O
the	O
baseline	O
format	O
:	O
stereo	O
(	O
uncompressed	B-Device
)	O
PCM	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
formats	O
are	O
optional	O
,	O
with	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
allowing	O
up	O
to	O
8	O
channels	O
of	O
uncompressed	B-Device
audio	O
at	O
sample	O
sizes	O
of	O
16	O
bits	O
,	O
20	O
bits	O
,	O
or	O
24	O
bits	O
,	O
with	O
sample	O
rates	O
of	O
32kHz	O
,	O
44.1kHz	O
,	O
48kHz	O
,	O
88.2kHz	O
,	O
96kHz	O
,	O
176.4kHz	O
,	O
or	O
192kHz	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HDMI	B-Protocol
also	O
carries	O
any	O
IEC	O
61937-compliant	O
compressed	O
audio	O
stream	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Dolby	O
Digital	O
and	O
DTS	O
,	O
and	O
up	O
to	O
8	O
channels	O
of	O
one-bit	O
DSD	O
audio	O
(	O
used	O
on	O
Super	O
Audio	O
CDs	O
)	O
at	O
rates	O
up	O
to	O
four	O
times	O
that	O
of	O
Super	O
Audio	O
CD	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
version	O
1.3	O
,	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
allows	O
lossless	O
compressed	O
audio	O
streams	O
Dolby	O
TrueHD	O
and	O
DTS-HD	O
Master	O
Audio	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Audio	O
return	O
channel	O
(	O
ARC	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
feature	O
introduced	O
in	O
the	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
1.4	O
standard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
"	O
Return	O
"	O
refers	O
to	O
the	O
case	O
where	O
the	O
audio	O
comes	O
from	O
the	O
TV	O
and	O
can	O
be	O
sent	O
"	O
upstream	O
"	O
to	O
the	O
AV	O
receiver	O
using	O
the	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
cable	O
connected	O
to	O
the	O
AV	O
receiver	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
example	O
given	O
on	O
the	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
website	O
is	O
that	O
a	O
TV	O
that	O
directly	O
receives	O
a	O
terrestrial/satellite	O
broadcast	O
,	O
or	O
has	O
a	O
video	O
source	O
built	O
in	O
,	O
sends	O
the	O
audio	O
"	O
upstream	O
"	O
to	O
the	O
AV	O
receiver	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
standard	O
was	O
not	O
designed	O
to	O
pass	O
closed	O
caption	O
data	O
(	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
subtitles	O
)	O
to	O
the	O
television	O
for	O
decoding	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
such	O
,	O
any	O
closed	O
caption	O
stream	O
must	O
be	O
decoded	O
and	O
included	O
as	O
an	O
image	O
in	O
the	O
video	O
stream(s )	O
prior	O
to	O
transmission	O
over	O
an	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
cable	O
to	O
appear	O
on	O
the	O
DTV	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
limits	O
the	O
caption	O
style	O
(	O
even	O
for	O
digital	O
captions	O
)	O
to	O
only	O
that	O
decoded	O
at	O
the	O
source	O
prior	O
to	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
transmission	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
also	O
prevents	O
closed	O
captions	O
when	O
transmission	O
over	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
is	O
required	O
for	O
upconversion	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
a	O
DVD	B-Device
player	I-Device
that	O
sends	O
an	O
upscaled	O
720p/1080i	O
format	O
via	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
to	O
an	O
HDTV	B-Device
has	O
no	O
way	O
to	O
pass	O
Closed	O
Captioning	O
data	O
so	O
that	O
the	O
HDTV	B-Device
can	O
decode	O
it	O
,	O
as	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
line	O
21	O
VBI	O
in	O
that	O
format	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HDMI	B-Protocol
has	O
three	O
physically	O
separate	O
communication	O
channels	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
the	O
DDC	O
,	O
TMDS	B-Protocol
and	O
the	O
optional	O
CEC	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HDMI	B-Protocol
1.4	O
added	O
ARC	O
and	O
HEC	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HDMI	B-Protocol
specifically	O
requires	O
the	O
device	O
implement	O
the	O
Enhanced	O
Display	O
Data	O
Channel	O
(	O
E-DDC	O
)	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
used	O
by	O
the	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
source	O
device	O
to	O
read	O
the	O
E-EDID	O
data	O
from	O
the	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
sink	O
device	O
to	O
learn	O
what	O
audio/video	O
formats	O
it	O
can	O
take	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HDMI	B-Protocol
requires	O
that	O
the	O
E-DDC	O
implement	O
I2C	O
standard	O
mode	O
speed	O
(	O
100kbit/s	O
)	O
and	O
allows	O
it	O
to	O
optionally	O
implement	O
fast	O
mode	O
speed	O
(	O
400kbit/s	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
DDC	O
channel	O
is	O
actively	O
used	O
for	O
High-bandwidth	B-Protocol
Digital	I-Protocol
Content	I-Protocol
Protection	I-Protocol
(	O
HDCP	B-Protocol
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Transition-minimized	B-Protocol
differential	I-Protocol
signaling	I-Protocol
(	O
TMDS	B-Protocol
)	O
on	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
interleaves	O
video	O
,	O
audio	O
and	O
auxiliary	O
data	O
using	O
three	O
different	O
packet	O
types	O
,	O
called	O
the	O
video	O
data	O
period	O
,	O
the	O
data	O
island	O
period	O
and	O
the	O
control	O
period	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Both	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
and	O
DVI	B-Protocol
use	O
TMDS	B-Protocol
to	O
send	O
10-bit	O
characters	O
that	O
are	O
encoded	O
using	O
8b/10b	B-Protocol
encoding	I-Protocol
that	O
differs	O
from	O
the	O
original	O
IBM	O
form	O
for	O
the	O
video	O
data	O
period	O
and	O
2b/10b	O
encoding	O
for	O
the	O
control	O
period	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HDMI	B-Protocol
adds	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
send	O
audio	O
and	O
auxiliary	O
data	O
using	O
4b/10b	O
encoding	O
for	O
the	O
data	O
island	O
period	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Seven	O
of	O
the	O
15	O
packet	O
types	O
described	O
in	O
the	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
1.3a	O
specifications	O
deal	O
with	O
audio	O
data	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
other	O
8	O
types	O
deal	O
with	O
auxiliary	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
gamut	O
metadata	O
packet	O
carries	O
information	O
on	O
the	O
color	B-Algorithm
space	I-Algorithm
being	O
used	O
for	O
the	O
current	O
video	O
stream	O
and	O
is	O
required	O
for	O
xvYCC	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Consumer	O
Electronics	O
Control	O
(	O
CEC	O
)	O
is	O
an	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
feature	O
designed	O
to	O
allow	O
the	O
user	O
to	O
command	O
and	O
control	O
up	O
to	O
15	O
CEC-enabled	O
devices	O
,	O
that	O
are	O
connected	O
through	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
,	O
by	O
using	O
only	O
one	O
of	O
their	O
remote	B-Protocol
controls	I-Protocol
(	O
for	O
example	O
by	O
controlling	O
a	O
television	O
set	O
,	O
set-top	O
box	O
,	O
and	O
DVD	B-Device
player	I-Device
using	O
only	O
the	O
remote	B-Protocol
control	I-Protocol
of	O
the	O
TV	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
a	O
one-wire	O
bidirectional	O
serial	B-Protocol
bus	O
that	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
CENELEC	O
standard	O
AV.link	O
protocol	O
to	O
perform	O
remote	B-Protocol
control	I-Protocol
functions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
defined	O
in	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
Specification	O
1.0	O
and	O
updated	O
in	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
1.2	O
,	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
1.2a	O
and	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
1.3a	O
(	O
which	O
added	O
timer	O
and	O
audio	O
commands	O
to	O
the	O
bus	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Introduced	O
in	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
1.4	O
,	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
Ethernet	O
and	O
Audio	O
Return	O
Channel	O
(	O
HEAC	O
)	O
adds	O
a	O
high-speed	O
bidirectional	O
data	O
communication	O
link	O
(	O
HEC	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
send	O
audio	O
data	O
upstream	O
to	O
the	O
source	O
device	O
(	O
ARC	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Without	O
ARC	O
,	O
the	O
audio	O
output	O
from	O
the	O
TV	O
must	O
be	O
routed	O
by	O
another	O
cable	O
,	O
typically	O
TOSLink	B-Protocol
or	O
RCA	B-Protocol
,	O
into	O
the	O
speaker	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HDMI	B-Protocol
Ethernet	O
Channel	O
technology	O
consolidates	O
video	O
,	O
audio	O
,	O
and	O
data	O
streams	O
into	O
a	O
single	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
cable	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
HEC	O
feature	O
enables	O
IP-based	O
applications	O
over	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
and	O
provides	O
a	O
bidirectional	O
Ethernet	O
communication	O
at	O
100Mbit/s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
physical	B-Protocol
layer	I-Protocol
of	O
the	O
Ethernet	O
implementation	O
uses	O
a	O
hybrid	O
to	O
simultaneously	O
send	O
and	O
receive	O
attenuated	O
100BASE-TX-type	O
signals	O
through	O
a	O
single	O
twisted	O
pair	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HDMI	B-Protocol
is	O
backward	B-General_Concept
compatible	I-General_Concept
with	O
single-link	O
Digital	B-Protocol
Visual	I-Protocol
Interface	I-Protocol
digital	O
video	O
(	O
DVI-D	O
or	O
DVI-I	B-Protocol
,	O
but	O
not	O
DVI-A	B-Protocol
or	O
dual-link	B-Protocol
DVI	I-Protocol
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
From	O
a	O
user	O
's	O
perspective	O
,	O
an	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
display	O
can	O
be	O
driven	O
by	O
a	O
single-link	O
DVI-D	O
source	O
,	O
since	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
and	O
DVI-D	O
define	O
an	O
overlapping	O
minimum	O
set	O
of	O
allowed	O
resolutions	O
and	O
frame-buffer	O
formats	O
to	O
ensure	O
a	O
basic	O
level	O
of	O
interoperability	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
reverse	O
case	O
,	O
a	O
DVI-D	O
monitor	O
has	O
the	O
same	O
level	O
of	O
basic	O
interoperability	O
unless	O
content	O
protection	O
with	O
High-bandwidth	B-Protocol
Digital	I-Protocol
Content	I-Protocol
Protection	I-Protocol
(	O
HDCP	B-Protocol
)	O
interferes	O
—	O
or	O
the	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
color	O
encoding	O
is	O
in	O
component	O
color	B-Algorithm
space	I-Algorithm
instead	O
of	O
RGB	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
not	O
possible	O
in	O
DVI	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
source	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
a	O
Blu-ray	O
player	O
,	O
may	O
require	O
an	O
HDCP-compliant	O
display	O
,	O
and	O
refuse	O
to	O
output	O
HDCP-protected	O
content	O
to	O
a	O
non-compliant	O
display	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
further	O
complication	O
is	O
that	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
small	O
amount	O
of	O
display	O
equipment	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
some	O
high-end	O
home	B-Device
theater	I-Device
projectors	I-Device
,	O
designed	O
with	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
inputs	O
but	O
not	O
HDCP-compliant	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Any	O
DVI-to-HDMI	O
adapter	O
can	O
function	O
as	O
an	O
HDMI-to-DVI	O
adapter	O
(	O
and	O
vice	O
versa	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Features	O
specific	O
to	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
,	O
such	O
as	O
remote-control	O
and	O
audio	O
transport	O
,	O
are	O
not	O
available	O
in	O
devices	O
that	O
use	O
legacy	O
DVI-D	O
signalling	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
many	O
devices	O
output	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
over	O
a	O
DVI	B-Protocol
connector	I-Protocol
(	O
e.g.	O
,	O
ATI	O
3000-series	O
and	O
NVIDIA	O
GTX	O
200-series	O
video	O
cards	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
some	O
multimedia	O
displays	O
may	O
accept	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
(	O
including	O
audio	O
)	O
over	O
a	O
DVI	B-Protocol
input	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
High-bandwidth	B-Protocol
Digital	I-Protocol
Content	I-Protocol
Protection	I-Protocol
(	O
HDCP	B-Protocol
)	O
is	O
a	O
newer	O
form	O
of	O
digital	O
rights	O
management	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HDMI	B-Protocol
can	O
use	O
HDCP	B-Protocol
to	O
encrypt	O
the	O
signal	O
if	O
required	O
by	O
the	O
source	O
device	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CSS	B-Algorithm
,	O
CPRM	O
and	O
AACS	O
require	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
HDCP	B-Protocol
on	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
when	O
playing	O
back	O
encrypted	O
DVD	O
Video	O
,	O
DVD	O
Audio	O
,	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD	I-Operating_System
and	O
Blu-ray	O
Disc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
HDCP	B-Protocol
Repeater	I-Protocol
bit	I-Protocol
controls	O
the	O
authentication	O
and	O
switching/distribution	O
of	O
an	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
signal	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
According	O
to	O
HDCP	B-Protocol
Specification	O
1.2	O
(	O
beginning	O
with	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
CTS	O
1.3a	O
)	O
,	O
any	O
system	O
that	O
implements	O
HDCP	B-Protocol
must	O
do	O
so	O
in	O
a	O
fully	O
compliant	O
manner	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HDCP	B-Protocol
testing	O
that	O
was	O
previously	O
only	O
a	O
requirement	O
for	O
optional	O
tests	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
"	O
Simplay	O
HD	O
"	O
testing	O
program	O
is	O
now	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
requirements	O
for	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
compliance	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HDCP	B-Protocol
accommodates	O
up	O
to	O
127	O
connected	O
devices	O
with	O
up	O
to	O
7	O
levels	O
,	O
using	O
a	O
combination	O
of	O
sources	O
,	O
sinks	O
and	O
repeaters	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
simple	O
example	O
of	O
this	O
is	O
several	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
devices	O
connected	O
to	O
an	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
AV	O
receiver	O
that	O
is	O
connected	O
to	O
an	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
display	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Devices	O
called	O
HDCP	B-Protocol
strippers	O
can	O
remove	O
the	O
HDCP	B-Protocol
information	O
from	O
the	O
video	O
signal	O
so	O
the	O
video	O
can	O
play	O
on	O
non-HDCP-compliant	O
displays	O
,	O
though	O
a	O
fair	O
use	O
and	O
non-disclosure	O
form	O
must	O
usually	O
be	O
signed	O
with	O
a	O
registering	O
agency	O
before	O
use	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
five	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
connector	I-Protocol
types	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Type	O
A/B	O
are	O
defined	O
in	O
the	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
1.0	O
specification	O
,	O
type	O
C	O
is	O
defined	O
in	O
the	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
1.3	O
specification	O
,	O
and	O
type	O
D/E	O
are	O
defined	O
in	O
the	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
1.4	O
specification	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
19	O
pins	O
,	O
with	O
bandwidth	O
to	O
carry	O
all	O
SDTV	B-Device
,	O
EDTV	O
,	O
HDTV	B-Device
,	O
UHD	B-Device
,	O
and	O
4K	B-Device
modes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
electrically	O
compatible	O
with	O
single-link	O
DVI-D	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Type	O
B	O
This	O
connector	O
is	O
21.2mm	O
×	O
4.45mm	O
and	O
has	O
29	O
pins	O
,	O
carrying	O
six	O
differential	O
pairs	O
instead	O
of	O
three	O
,	O
for	O
use	O
with	O
very	O
high-resolution	B-Algorithm
displays	O
such	O
as	O
WQUXGA	O
(	O
3840×2400	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
the	O
introduction	O
of	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
1.3	O
,	O
the	O
maximum	O
bandwidth	O
of	O
single-link	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
exceeded	O
that	O
of	O
dual-link	O
DVI-D	O
.	O
As	O
of	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
1.4	O
,	O
the	O
pixel	O
clock	O
rate	O
crossover	O
frequency	O
from	O
single	O
to	O
dual-link	O
has	O
not	O
been	O
defined	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
alternate	O
mode	O
lets	O
a	O
user	O
connect	O
the	O
reversible	O
USB-C	O
connector	O
with	O
the	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
source	O
devices	O
(	O
mobile	O
,	O
tablet	B-Device
,	O
laptop	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
cable	O
connects	O
to	O
video	O
display/sink	O
devices	O
using	O
any	O
of	O
the	O
native	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
connectors	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
an	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
cable	O
,	O
in	O
this	O
case	O
a	O
USB-C	O
to	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
cable	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
cable	O
is	O
composed	O
of	O
four	O
shielded	O
twisted	O
pairs	O
,	O
with	O
impedance	O
of	O
the	O
order	O
of	O
100Ω	O
( ±15%	O
)	O
,	O
plus	O
seven	O
separate	O
conductors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HDMI	B-Protocol
cables	O
with	O
Ethernet	O
differ	O
in	O
that	O
three	O
of	O
the	O
separate	O
conductors	O
instead	O
form	O
an	O
additional	O
shielded	O
twisted	O
pair	O
(	O
with	O
the	O
CEC/DDC	O
ground	O
as	O
a	O
shield	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
no	O
maximum	O
length	O
for	O
an	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
cable	O
is	O
specified	O
,	O
signal	O
attenuation	O
(	O
dependent	O
on	O
the	O
cable	O
's	O
construction	O
quality	O
and	O
conducting	O
materials	O
)	O
limits	O
usable	O
lengths	O
in	O
practice	O
and	O
certification	O
is	O
difficult	O
to	O
achieve	O
for	O
lengths	O
beyond	O
13m	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HDMI	B-Protocol
1.3	O
defines	O
two	O
cable	O
categories	O
:	O
Category	O
1-certified	O
cables	O
,	O
which	O
have	O
been	O
tested	O
at	O
74.25MHz	O
(	O
which	O
would	O
include	O
resolutions	O
such	O
as	O
720p60	O
and	O
1080i60	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
Category	O
2-certified	O
cables	O
,	O
which	O
have	O
been	O
tested	O
at	O
340MHz	O
(	O
which	O
would	O
include	O
resolutions	O
such	O
as	O
1080p60	O
and	O
4K30	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Category	O
1	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
cables	O
are	O
marketed	O
as	O
"	O
Standard	O
"	O
and	O
Category	O
2	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
cables	O
as	O
"	O
High	O
Speed	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
labeling	O
guideline	O
for	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
cables	O
went	O
into	O
effect	O
on	O
October	O
17	O
,	O
2008	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
better	O
quality	O
construction	O
and	O
materials	O
,	O
including	O
24AWG	O
(	O
0.205mm2	O
)	O
conductors	O
,	O
an	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
cable	O
can	O
reach	O
lengths	O
of	O
up	O
to	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
cables	O
under	O
5meters	O
of	O
length	O
that	O
were	O
made	O
before	O
the	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
1.3	O
specification	O
can	O
work	O
as	O
Category	O
2	O
cables	O
,	O
but	O
only	O
Category	O
2-tested	O
cables	O
are	O
guaranteed	O
to	O
work	O
for	O
Category	O
2	O
purposes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
the	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
1.4	O
specification	O
,	O
the	O
following	O
cable	O
types	O
are	O
defined	O
for	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
in	O
general	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
new	O
certification	O
program	O
was	O
introduced	O
in	O
October	O
2015	O
to	O
certify	O
that	O
cables	O
work	O
at	O
the	O
18	O
Gbit/s	O
maximum	O
bandwidth	O
of	O
the	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
2.0	O
specification	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
conjunction	O
with	O
the	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
2.1	O
specification	O
,	O
a	O
third	O
category	O
of	O
cable	O
was	O
announced	O
on	O
January	O
4	O
,	O
2017	O
,	O
called	O
"	O
48G	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Also	O
known	O
as	O
Category	O
3	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
or	O
"	O
Ultra	O
High	O
Speed	O
"	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
,	O
the	O
cable	O
is	O
designed	O
to	O
support	O
the	O
48Gbit/s	O
bandwidth	O
of	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
2.1	O
,	O
supporting	O
4K	B-Device
,	O
5K	B-Device
,	O
8K	B-Architecture
and	O
10K	B-Device
at	O
120Hz	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
cable	O
is	O
backwards	B-General_Concept
compatible	I-General_Concept
with	O
the	O
earlier	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
devices	O
,	O
using	O
existing	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
type	O
A	O
,	O
C	O
and	O
D	O
connectors	O
,	O
and	O
includes	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
Ethernet	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
extender	O
is	O
a	O
single	O
device	O
(	O
or	O
pair	O
of	O
devices	O
)	O
powered	O
with	O
an	O
external	O
power	O
source	O
or	O
with	O
the	O
5V	O
DC	O
from	O
the	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
source	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Long	O
cables	O
can	O
cause	O
instability	O
of	O
HDCP	B-Protocol
and	O
blinking	O
on	O
the	O
screen	O
,	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
weakened	O
DDC	O
signal	O
that	O
HDCP	B-Protocol
requires	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HDCP	B-Protocol
DDC	O
signals	O
must	O
be	O
multiplexed	O
with	O
TMDS	B-Protocol
video	O
signals	O
to	O
comply	O
with	O
HDCP	B-Protocol
requirements	O
for	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
extenders	O
based	O
on	O
a	O
single	O
Category	O
5/Category	O
6	O
cable	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Several	O
companies	O
offer	O
amplifiers	O
,	O
equalizers	B-Algorithm
and	O
repeaters	O
that	O
can	O
string	O
several	O
standard	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
cables	O
together	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Active	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
cables	O
use	O
electronics	O
within	O
the	O
cable	O
to	O
boost	O
the	O
signal	O
and	O
allow	O
for	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
cables	O
of	O
up	O
to	O
;	O
those	O
based	O
on	O
HDBaseT	O
can	O
extend	O
to	O
100	O
meters	O
;	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
extenders	O
that	O
are	O
based	O
on	O
dual	O
Category	O
5/Category	O
6	O
cable	O
can	O
extend	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
to	O
;	O
while	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
extenders	O
based	O
on	O
optical	B-Architecture
fiber	I-Architecture
can	O
extend	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
to	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
specification	O
is	O
not	O
an	O
open	O
standard	O
;	O
manufacturers	O
need	O
to	O
be	O
licensed	O
by	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
LA	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
implement	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
in	O
any	O
product	O
or	O
component	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Companies	O
that	O
are	O
licensed	O
by	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
LA	O
are	O
known	O
as	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
Adopters	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DVI	B-Protocol
is	O
the	O
only	O
interface	B-Application
that	O
does	O
not	O
require	O
a	O
license	O
for	O
interfacing	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
earlier	O
versions	O
of	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
specs	O
are	O
available	O
to	O
the	O
public	O
for	O
download	O
,	O
only	O
adopters	O
have	O
access	O
to	O
the	O
latest	O
standards	O
(	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
1.4b/2.1	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Compliance	O
testing	O
is	O
required	O
before	O
any	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
product	O
can	O
be	O
legally	O
sold	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Adopters	O
receive	O
the	O
right	O
to	O
use	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
logos	O
and	O
TMs	O
on	O
their	O
products	O
and	O
marketing	O
materials	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Adopters	O
are	O
listed	O
on	O
the	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
website	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Products	O
from	O
adopters	O
are	O
listed	O
and	O
marketed	O
in	O
the	O
official	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
product	O
finder	O
database	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Adopters	O
receive	O
more	O
exposure	O
through	O
combined	O
marketing	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
annual	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
Developers	O
Conference	O
and	O
technology	O
seminars	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
2	O
annual	O
fee	O
structures	O
associated	O
with	O
being	O
an	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
adopter	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
High-volume	O
(	O
more	O
than	O
10,000	O
units	O
)	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
Adopter	O
Agreement	O
per	O
year	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Low-volume	O
(	O
10,000	O
units	O
or	O
fewer	O
)	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
Adopter	O
Agreement	O
plus	O
a	O
flat	O
per	O
unit	O
administration	O
fee	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
if	O
the	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
logo	O
is	O
used	O
on	O
the	O
product	O
and	O
promotional	O
material	O
,	O
the	O
per-unit	O
fee	O
drops	O
from	O
to	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
if	O
HDCP	B-Protocol
is	O
implemented	O
and	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
logo	O
is	O
used	O
,	O
the	O
per-unit	O
fee	O
drops	O
from	O
to	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Use	O
of	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
logo	O
requires	O
compliance	O
testing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Adopters	O
need	O
to	O
license	O
HDCP	B-Protocol
separately	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
royalty	O
is	O
only	O
payable	O
on	O
licensed	O
products	O
that	O
will	O
be	O
sold	O
on	O
a	O
stand-alone	O
basis	O
(	O
i.e.	O
</s>
<s>
that	O
are	O
not	O
incorporated	O
into	O
another	O
licensed	O
product	O
that	O
is	O
subject	O
to	O
an	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
royalty	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HDMI	B-Protocol
devices	O
are	O
manufactured	O
to	O
adhere	O
to	O
various	O
versions	O
of	O
the	O
specification	O
,	O
in	O
which	O
each	O
version	O
is	O
given	O
a	O
number	O
or	O
letter	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
1.0	O
,	O
1.2	O
,	O
or	O
1.4b	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
product	O
listed	O
as	O
having	O
an	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
version	O
does	O
not	O
necessarily	O
mean	O
that	O
it	O
has	O
all	O
features	O
in	O
that	O
version	O
,	O
since	O
some	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
features	O
are	O
optional	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
deep	O
color	O
and	O
xvYCC	O
(	O
which	O
is	O
branded	O
by	O
Sony	O
as	O
"	O
x.v.Color	O
"	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
1.4	O
,	O
the	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
Licensing	O
Administrator	O
,	O
Inc	O
.	O
(	O
which	O
oversees	O
the	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
standard	O
)	O
has	O
banned	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
version	O
numbers	O
to	O
identify	O
cables	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Non-cable	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
products	O
,	O
starting	O
on	O
January	O
1	O
,	O
2012	O
,	O
may	O
no	O
longer	O
reference	O
the	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
number	O
,	O
and	O
must	O
state	O
which	O
features	O
of	O
the	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
specification	O
the	O
product	O
implements	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HDMI	B-Protocol
1.0	O
was	O
released	O
on	O
December	O
9	O
,	O
2002	O
,	O
and	O
is	O
a	O
single-cable	O
digital	O
audio/video	O
connector	O
interface	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
link	O
architecture	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
DVI	B-Protocol
,	O
using	O
exactly	O
the	O
same	O
video	O
transmission	O
format	O
but	O
sending	O
audio	O
and	O
other	O
auxiliary	O
data	O
during	O
the	O
blanking	O
intervals	O
of	O
the	O
video	O
stream	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HDMI	B-Protocol
1.0	O
allows	O
a	O
maximum	O
TMDS	B-Protocol
clock	O
of	O
165MHz	O
(	O
4.95Gbit/s	O
bandwidth	O
per	O
link	O
)	O
,	O
the	O
same	O
as	O
DVI	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
defines	O
two	O
connectors	O
called	O
Type	O
A	O
and	O
Type	O
B	O
,	O
with	O
pinouts	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
Single-Link	O
DVI-D	O
and	O
Dual-Link	O
DVI-D	O
connectors	O
respectively	O
,	O
though	O
the	O
Type	O
B	O
connector	O
was	O
never	O
used	O
in	O
any	O
commercial	O
products	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HDMI	B-Protocol
1.0	O
uses	O
TMDS	B-Protocol
encoding	O
for	O
video	O
transmission	O
,	O
giving	O
it	O
3.96Gbit/s	O
of	O
video	O
bandwidth	O
(	O
or	O
at	O
60Hz	O
)	O
and	O
8-channel	O
LPCM/192kHz/24	O
-bit	O
audio	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HDMI	B-Protocol
1.0	O
requires	O
support	O
for	O
RGB	O
video	O
,	O
with	O
optional	O
support	O
for	O
4:4:4	O
and	O
4:2:2	O
(	O
mandatory	O
if	O
the	O
device	O
has	O
support	O
for	O
on	O
other	O
interfaces	B-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
709	O
color	B-Algorithm
spaces	I-Algorithm
are	O
supported	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HDMI	B-Protocol
1.0	O
allows	O
only	O
specific	O
pre-defined	O
video	O
formats	O
,	O
including	O
all	O
the	O
formats	O
defined	O
in	O
EIA/CEA	O
-861-B	O
and	O
some	O
additional	O
formats	O
listed	O
in	O
the	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
Specification	O
itself	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
sources/sinks	O
must	O
also	O
be	O
capable	O
of	O
sending/receiving	O
native	O
Single-Link	O
DVI	B-Protocol
video	O
and	O
be	O
fully	O
compliant	O
with	O
the	O
DVI	B-Protocol
Specification	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HDMI	B-Protocol
1.1	O
was	O
released	O
on	O
May	O
20	O
,	O
2004	O
,	O
and	O
added	O
support	O
for	O
DVD-Audio	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HDMI	B-Protocol
1.2	O
was	O
released	O
on	O
August	O
8	O
,	O
2005	O
,	O
and	O
added	O
the	O
option	O
of	O
One	O
Bit	O
Audio	O
,	O
used	O
on	O
Super	O
Audio	O
CDs	O
,	O
at	O
up	O
to	O
8	O
channels	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
make	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
more	O
suitable	O
for	O
use	O
on	O
PC	O
devices	O
,	O
version	O
1.2	O
also	O
removed	O
the	O
requirement	O
that	O
only	O
explicitly	O
supported	O
formats	O
be	O
used	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HDMI	B-Protocol
1.2a	O
was	O
released	O
on	O
December	O
14	O
,	O
2005	O
and	O
fully	O
specifies	O
Consumer	O
Electronic	O
Control	O
(	O
CEC	O
)	O
features	O
,	O
command	O
sets	O
and	O
CEC	O
compliance	O
tests	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HDMI	B-Protocol
1.3	O
was	O
released	O
on	O
June	O
22	O
,	O
2006	O
,	O
and	O
increased	O
the	O
maximum	O
TMDS	B-Protocol
clock	O
to	O
340MHz	O
(	O
10.2Gbit/s	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Like	O
previous	O
versions	O
,	O
it	O
uses	O
TMDS	B-Protocol
encoding	O
,	O
giving	O
it	O
a	O
maximum	O
video	O
bandwidth	O
of	O
8.16Gbit/s	O
(	O
sufficient	O
for	O
at	O
144Hz	O
or	O
at	O
75Hz	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
also	O
added	O
support	O
for	O
the	O
xvYCC	O
color	B-Algorithm
space	I-Algorithm
,	O
in	O
addition	O
to	O
the	O
ITU-R	O
BT.601	O
and	O
BT.709	B-Device
color	B-Algorithm
spaces	I-Algorithm
supported	O
by	O
previous	O
versions	O
,	O
and	O
added	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
carry	O
metadata	O
defining	O
color	O
gamut	O
boundaries	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
incorporates	O
automatic	O
audio	O
syncing	O
(	O
audio	B-Protocol
video	I-Protocol
sync	I-Protocol
)	O
capability	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
also	O
added	O
the	O
new	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
Type	O
C	O
"	O
Mini	O
"	O
connector	O
for	O
portable	O
devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HDMI	B-Protocol
1.3a	O
was	O
released	O
on	O
November	O
10	O
,	O
2006	O
,	O
and	O
had	O
cable	O
and	O
sink	O
modifications	O
for	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
Type	O
C	O
,	O
source	O
termination	O
recommendations	O
,	O
and	O
removed	O
undershoot	O
and	O
maximum	O
rise/fall	O
time	O
limits	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
also	O
added	O
the	O
optional	O
ability	O
to	O
stream	O
SACD	O
in	O
its	O
bitstream	O
DST	O
format	O
rather	O
than	O
uncompressed	B-Device
raw	O
DSD	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HDMI	B-Protocol
1.4	O
was	O
released	O
on	O
June	O
5	O
,	O
2009	O
,	O
and	O
first	O
came	O
to	O
market	O
after	O
Q2	O
of	O
2009	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Retaining	O
the	O
bandwidth	O
of	O
the	O
previous	O
version	O
,	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
1.4	O
defined	O
standardized	O
timings	O
to	O
use	O
for	O
40962160	O
at	O
24Hz	O
,	O
38402160	O
at	O
24	O
,	O
25	O
,	O
and	O
30Hz	O
,	O
and	O
added	O
explicit	O
support	O
for	O
19201080	O
at	O
120Hz	O
with	O
CTA-861	O
timings	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
also	O
added	O
an	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
Ethernet	O
Channel	O
(	O
HEC	O
)	O
that	O
accommodates	O
a	O
100Mbit/s	O
Ethernet	O
connection	O
between	O
the	O
two	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
connected	O
devices	O
so	O
they	O
can	O
share	O
an	O
Internet	O
connection	O
,	O
introduced	O
an	O
audio	O
return	O
channel	O
(	O
ARC	O
)	O
,	O
3D	B-Algorithm
Over	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
,	O
a	O
new	O
Micro	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
Connector	I-Protocol
,	O
an	O
expanded	O
set	O
of	O
color	B-Algorithm
spaces	I-Algorithm
with	O
the	O
addition	O
of	O
sYCC601	O
,	O
Adobe	O
RGB	O
and	O
Adobe	O
YCC601	O
,	O
and	O
an	O
Automotive	O
Connection	O
System	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HDMI	B-Protocol
1.4	O
defined	O
several	O
stereoscopic	B-Algorithm
3D	I-Algorithm
formats	O
including	O
field	O
alternative	O
(	O
interlaced	O
)	O
,	O
frame	O
packing	O
(	O
a	O
full	O
resolution	O
top-bottom	O
format	O
)	O
,	O
line	O
alternative	O
full	O
,	O
side-by-side	O
half	O
,	O
side-by-side	O
full	O
,	O
2D	B-Algorithm
+	I-Algorithm
depth	I-Algorithm
,	O
and	O
2D	B-Algorithm
+	I-Algorithm
depth	I-Algorithm
+	O
graphics	O
+	O
graphics	O
depth	O
(	O
WOWvx	B-Algorithm
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HDMI	B-Protocol
1.4	O
requires	O
that	O
3D	B-Algorithm
displays	O
implement	O
the	O
frame	O
packing	O
3D	B-Algorithm
format	O
at	O
either	O
720p50	O
and	O
1080p24	O
or	O
720p60	O
and	O
1080p24	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
High	O
Speed	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
cables	O
as	O
defined	O
in	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
1.3	O
work	O
with	O
all	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
1.4	O
features	O
except	O
for	O
the	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
Ethernet	O
Channel	O
,	O
which	O
requires	O
the	O
new	O
High	O
Speed	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
Cable	O
with	O
Ethernet	O
defined	O
in	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
1.4	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HDMI	B-Protocol
1.4a	O
was	O
released	O
on	O
March	O
4	O
,	O
2010	O
,	O
and	O
added	O
two	O
mandatory	O
3D	B-Algorithm
formats	O
for	O
broadcast	O
content	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
deferred	O
with	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
1.4	O
pending	O
the	O
direction	O
of	O
the	O
3D	B-Algorithm
broadcast	O
market	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HDMI	B-Protocol
1.4a	O
has	O
defined	O
mandatory	O
3D	B-Algorithm
formats	O
for	O
broadcast	O
,	O
game	O
,	O
and	O
movie	O
content	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HDMI	B-Protocol
1.4a	O
requires	O
that	O
3D	B-Algorithm
displays	O
implement	O
the	O
frame	O
packing	O
3D	B-Algorithm
format	O
at	O
either	O
720p50	O
and	O
1080p24	O
or	O
720p60	O
and	O
1080p24	O
,	O
side-by-side	O
horizontal	O
at	O
either	O
1080i50	O
or	O
1080i60	O
,	O
and	O
top-and-bottom	O
at	O
either	O
720p50	O
and	O
1080p24	O
or	O
720p60	O
and	O
1080p24	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HDMI	B-Protocol
1.4b	O
was	O
released	O
on	O
October	O
11	O
,	O
2011	O
,	O
containing	O
only	O
minor	O
clarifications	O
to	O
the	O
1.4a	O
document	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HDMI	B-Protocol
1.4b	O
is	O
the	O
last	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
standard	O
that	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
LA	O
is	O
responsible	O
for	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
future	O
versions	O
of	O
the	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
Specification	O
were	O
produced	O
by	O
the	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
Forum	O
,	O
created	O
on	O
October	O
25	O
,	O
2011	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HDMI	B-Protocol
2.0	O
,	O
referred	O
to	O
by	O
some	O
manufacturers	O
as	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
UHD	B-Device
,	O
was	O
released	O
on	O
September	O
4	O
,	O
2013	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HDMI	B-Protocol
2.0	O
increases	O
the	O
maximum	O
bandwidth	O
to	O
18.0Gbit/s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HDMI	B-Protocol
2.0	O
uses	O
TMDS	B-Protocol
encoding	O
for	O
video	O
transmission	O
like	O
previous	O
versions	O
,	O
giving	O
it	O
a	O
maximum	O
video	O
bandwidth	O
of	O
14.4Gbit/s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
enables	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
2.0	O
to	O
carry	O
4K	B-Architecture
video	I-Architecture
at	O
60Hz	O
with	O
24bit/px	O
color	O
depth	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
features	O
of	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
2.0	O
include	O
support	O
for	O
the	O
Rec	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
2020	O
color	B-Algorithm
space	I-Algorithm
,	O
up	O
to	O
32	O
audio	O
channels	O
,	O
up	O
to	O
1536kHz	O
audio	O
sample	O
frequency	O
,	O
dual	O
video	O
streams	O
to	O
multiple	O
users	O
on	O
the	O
same	O
screen	O
,	O
up	O
to	O
four	O
audio	O
streams	O
,	O
4:2:0	O
chroma	O
subsampling	O
,	O
25fps	O
3D	B-Algorithm
formats	O
,	O
support	O
for	O
the	O
21:9	O
aspect	O
ratio	O
,	O
dynamic	O
synchronization	O
of	O
video	O
and	O
audio	O
streams	O
,	O
the	O
HE-AAC	O
and	O
DRA	B-Algorithm
audio	O
standards	O
,	O
improved	O
3D	B-Algorithm
capability	O
,	O
and	O
additional	O
CEC	O
functions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HDMI	B-Protocol
2.0a	O
was	O
released	O
on	O
April	O
8	O
,	O
2015	O
,	O
and	O
added	O
support	O
for	O
High	B-Application
Dynamic	I-Application
Range	I-Application
(	O
HDR	O
)	O
video	O
with	O
static	O
metadata	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HDMI	B-Protocol
2.0b	O
was	O
released	O
March	O
,	O
2016	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HDMI	B-Protocol
2.0b	O
initially	O
supported	O
the	O
same	O
HDR10	B-Device
standard	O
as	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
2.0a	O
as	O
specified	O
in	O
the	O
CTA-861.3	O
specification	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
December	O
2016	O
additional	O
support	O
for	O
HDR	B-Application
Video	I-Application
transport	O
was	O
added	O
to	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
2.0b	O
in	O
the	O
CTA-861-G	O
specification	O
,	O
which	O
extends	O
the	O
static	O
metadata	O
signaling	O
to	O
include	O
hybrid	O
log	O
–	O
gamma	O
(	O
HLG	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HDMI	B-Protocol
2.1	O
was	O
officially	O
announced	O
by	O
the	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
Forum	O
on	O
January4	O
,	O
2017	O
,	O
and	O
was	O
released	O
on	O
November	O
28	O
,	O
2017	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
adds	O
support	O
for	O
higher	O
resolutions	O
and	O
higher	O
refresh	O
rates	O
,	O
including	O
4K	B-Device
120Hz	O
and	O
8K	B-Architecture
60Hz	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HDMI	B-Protocol
2.1	O
also	O
introduces	O
a	O
new	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
cable	O
category	O
called	O
Ultra	O
High	O
Speed	O
(	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
48G	O
during	O
development	O
)	O
,	O
which	O
certifies	O
cables	O
at	O
the	O
new	O
higher	O
speeds	O
that	O
these	O
formats	O
require	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ultra	O
High	O
Speed	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
cables	O
are	O
backwards	B-General_Concept
compatible	I-General_Concept
with	O
older	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
devices	O
,	O
and	O
older	O
cables	O
are	O
compatible	O
with	O
new	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
2.1	O
devices	O
,	O
though	O
the	O
full	O
48Gbit/s	O
bandwidth	O
is	O
only	O
supported	O
with	O
the	O
new	O
cables	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
following	O
features	O
were	O
added	O
to	O
the	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
2.1	O
Specification	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Note	O
:	O
While	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
2.1	O
did	O
standardize	O
transport	O
of	O
dynamic	O
HDR	O
metadata	O
over	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
,	O
in	O
actuality	O
it	O
only	O
formalized	O
dynamic	O
metadata	O
interfaces	B-Application
already	O
utilized	O
by	O
Dolby	O
Vision	O
and	O
HDR10+	B-Device
in	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
2.0	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
why	O
neither	O
Dolby	O
Vision	O
nor	O
HDR10+	B-Device
require	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
2.1	O
to	O
function	O
properly	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Quick	O
Frame	O
Transport	O
(	O
QFT	O
)	O
reduces	O
latency	O
by	O
bursting	O
individual	O
pictures	O
across	O
the	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
link	O
as	O
fast	O
as	O
possible	O
when	O
the	O
link	O
's	O
hardware	O
supports	O
more	O
bandwidth	O
than	O
the	O
minimum	O
amount	O
needed	O
for	O
the	O
resolution	O
and	O
frame	O
rate	O
of	O
the	O
content	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Auto	O
Low	O
Latency	O
Mode	O
(	O
ALLM	O
)	O
When	O
a	O
display	O
device	O
supports	O
the	O
option	O
to	O
either	O
optimize	O
its	O
pixel	O
processing	O
for	O
best	O
latency	O
or	O
best	O
pixel	O
processing	O
,	O
ALLM	O
allows	O
the	O
current	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
source	O
device	O
to	O
automatically	O
select	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
its	O
better	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
nature	O
of	O
its	O
own	O
content	O
,	O
which	O
mode	O
the	O
user	O
would	O
most	O
likely	O
prefer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Video	O
formats	O
that	O
require	O
more	O
bandwidth	O
than	O
18.0Gbit/s	O
(	O
4K	B-Device
60Hz	O
8bpc	O
RGB	O
)	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
4K	B-Device
60Hz	O
10bpc	O
(	O
HDR	O
)	O
,	O
4K	B-Device
120Hz	O
,	O
and	O
8K	B-Architecture
60Hz	O
,	O
may	O
require	O
the	O
new	O
"	O
Ultra	O
High	O
Speed	O
"	O
or	O
"	O
Ultra	O
High	O
Speed	O
with	O
Ethernet	O
"	O
cables	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HDMI	B-Protocol
2.1	O
'	O
s	O
other	O
new	O
features	O
are	O
supported	O
with	O
existing	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
cables	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Previous	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
versions	O
use	O
three	O
data	O
channels	O
(	O
each	O
operating	O
at	O
up	O
to	O
6.0Gbit/s	O
in	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
2.0	O
,	O
or	O
up	O
to	O
3.4Gbit/s	O
in	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
1.4	O
)	O
,	O
with	O
an	O
additional	O
channel	O
for	O
the	O
TMDS	B-Protocol
clock	O
signal	O
,	O
which	O
runs	O
at	O
a	O
fraction	O
of	O
the	O
data	O
channel	O
speed	O
(	O
one	O
tenth	O
the	O
speed	O
,	O
or	O
up	O
to	O
340MHz	O
,	O
for	O
signaling	O
rates	O
up	O
to	O
3.4Gbit/s	O
;	O
one	O
fortieth	O
the	O
speed	O
,	O
or	O
up	O
to	O
150MHz	O
,	O
for	O
signaling	O
rates	O
between	O
3.4	O
and	O
6.0Gbit/s	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HDMI	B-Protocol
2.1	O
doubles	O
the	O
signaling	O
rate	O
of	O
the	O
data	O
channels	O
to	O
12Gbit/s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
structure	O
of	O
the	O
data	O
has	O
been	O
changed	O
to	O
use	O
a	O
new	O
packet-based	O
format	O
with	O
an	O
embedded	O
clock	O
signal	O
,	O
which	O
allows	O
what	O
was	O
formerly	O
the	O
TMDS	B-Protocol
clock	O
channel	O
to	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
fourth	O
data	O
channel	O
instead	O
,	O
increasing	O
the	O
signaling	O
rate	O
across	O
that	O
channel	O
to	O
12Gbit/s	O
as	O
well	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
,	O
the	O
data	O
is	O
transmitted	O
more	O
efficiently	O
by	O
using	O
a	O
16b/18b	O
encoding	O
scheme	O
,	O
which	O
uses	O
a	O
larger	O
percentage	O
of	O
the	O
bandwidth	O
for	O
data	O
rather	O
than	O
DC	O
balancing	O
compared	O
to	O
the	O
TMDS	B-Protocol
scheme	O
used	O
by	O
previous	O
versions	O
(	O
88.	O
%	O
compared	O
to	O
80%	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
,	O
in	O
combination	O
with	O
the	O
2.66	O
×	O
bandwidth	O
,	O
raises	O
the	O
maximum	O
data	O
rate	O
of	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
2.1	O
from	O
14.4Gbit/s	O
to	O
42.Gbit/s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Subtracting	O
overhead	O
for	O
FEC	O
,	O
the	O
usable	O
data	O
rate	O
is	O
approximately	O
42.0Gbit/s	O
,	O
around	O
2.92	O
×	O
the	O
data	O
rate	O
of	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
2.0	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
48Gbit/s	O
bandwidth	O
provided	O
by	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
2.1	O
is	O
enough	O
for	O
8K	B-Architecture
resolution	I-Architecture
at	O
approximately	O
50Hz	O
,	O
with	O
8bpc	O
RGB	O
or	O
4:4:4	O
color	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
achieve	O
even	O
higher	O
formats	O
,	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
2.1	O
can	O
use	O
Display	O
Stream	O
Compression	O
with	O
a	O
compression	O
ratio	O
of	O
up	O
to	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Using	O
DSC	O
,	O
formats	O
up	O
to	O
8K	B-Architecture
(	O
)	O
120Hz	O
or	O
10K	B-Device
(	O
)	O
100Hz	O
at	O
8bpc	O
RGB/4:4:4	O
are	O
possible	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HDMI	B-Protocol
2.1a	O
was	O
released	O
on	O
February	O
15	O
,	O
2022	O
,	O
and	O
added	O
support	O
for	O
Source-Based	O
Tone	O
Mapping	O
(	O
SBTM	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
"	O
version	O
"	O
of	O
a	O
connection	O
depends	O
on	O
the	O
versions	O
of	O
the	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
ports	O
on	O
the	O
source	O
and	O
sink	O
devices	O
,	O
not	O
on	O
the	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
cable	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
different	O
categories	O
of	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
cable	O
only	O
affect	O
the	O
bandwidth	O
(	O
maximum	O
resolution	O
/	O
refresh	O
rate	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
connection	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
features	O
such	O
as	O
audio	O
,	O
3D	B-Algorithm
,	O
chroma	O
subsampling	O
,	O
or	O
variable	B-General_Concept
refresh	I-General_Concept
rate	I-General_Concept
depend	O
only	O
on	O
the	O
versions	O
of	O
the	O
ports	O
,	O
and	O
are	O
not	O
affected	O
by	O
what	O
type	O
of	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
cable	O
is	O
used	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
only	O
exception	O
to	O
this	O
is	O
Ethernet-over-HDMI	O
,	O
which	O
requires	O
an	O
"	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
with	O
Ethernet	O
"	O
cable	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
displays	O
with	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
1.4	O
ports	O
do	O
not	O
necessarily	O
support	O
the	O
full	O
340MHz	O
TMDS	B-Protocol
clock	O
allowed	O
by	O
HDMI1.4	O
;	O
they	O
are	O
commonly	O
limited	O
to	O
lower	O
speeds	O
such	O
as	O
300MHz	O
(	O
1080p	O
120Hz	O
)	O
or	O
even	O
as	O
low	O
as	O
165MHz	O
(	O
1080p	O
60Hz	O
)	O
at	O
the	O
manufacturer	O
's	O
discretion	O
,	O
but	O
are	O
still	O
considered	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
1.4-compliant	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Likewise	O
,	O
features	O
like	O
10bpc	O
(	O
30bit/px	O
)	O
color	O
depth	O
may	O
also	O
not	O
be	O
supported	O
,	O
even	O
if	O
the	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
version	O
allows	O
it	O
and	O
the	O
display	O
supports	O
it	O
over	O
other	O
interfaces	B-Application
such	O
as	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Feature	O
support	O
will	O
therefore	O
vary	O
from	O
device	O
to	O
device	O
,	O
even	O
within	O
the	O
same	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
version	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HDMI	B-Protocol
version	O
1.01.2a	O
1.31.3a	O
1.41.4b	O
2.02.0b	O
2.12.1a	O
Release	O
date	O
Signal	O
specifications	O
Max	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
TMDS	B-Protocol
character	O
rate	O
(	O
MHz	O
)	O
165	O
340	O
340	O
600	O
Data	O
channels	O
3	O
3	O
3	O
3	O
4	O
Encoding	O
scheme	O
TMDS	B-Protocol
TMDS	B-Protocol
TMDS	B-Protocol
TMDS	B-Protocol
16b/18b	O
Encoding	O
efficiency	O
80%	O
80%	O
80%	O
80%	O
88.	O
%	O
Compression	O
–	O
–	O
–	O
–	O
DSC	O
1.2(optional )	O
Color	O
format	O
support	O
RGB	O
4:4:4	O
4:2:2	O
4:2:0	O
Color	O
depth	O
support	O
8bpc	O
(	O
24bit/px	O
)	O
10bpc	O
(	O
30bit/px	O
)	O
12bpc	O
(	O
36bit/px	O
)	O
16bpc	O
(	O
48bit/px	O
)	O
Color	B-Algorithm
space	I-Algorithm
support	O
SMPTE	O
170M	O
ITU-R	O
BT.601	O
ITU-R	B-Device
BT.709	I-Device
sRGB	O
xvYCC	O
(	O
601	O
and	O
709	O
)	O
sYCC601	O
Adobe	O
YCC601	O
Adobe	O
RGB	O
(	O
1998	O
)	O
ITU-R	O
BT.2020	O
Audio	O
specifications	O
Max	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
maximum	O
limits	O
for	O
TMDS	B-Protocol
transmission	O
are	O
calculated	O
using	O
standard	O
data	O
rate	O
calculations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
FRL	O
transmission	O
,	O
the	O
limits	O
are	O
calculated	O
using	O
the	O
capacity	O
computation	O
algorithm	O
provided	O
by	O
the	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
Specification	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
calculations	O
assume	O
uncompressed	B-Device
RGB	O
video	O
with	O
CVT-RB	B-General_Concept
v2	I-General_Concept
timing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Display	O
manufacturers	O
may	O
also	O
use	O
non-standard	O
blanking	O
intervals	O
(	O
a	O
Vendor-Specific	O
Timing	O
Format	O
as	O
defined	O
in	O
the	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
Specification	O
)	O
rather	O
than	O
CVT-RB	B-General_Concept
v2	I-General_Concept
to	O
achieve	O
even	O
higher	O
frequencies	O
when	O
bandwidth	O
is	O
a	O
constraint	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
refresh	O
frequencies	O
in	O
the	O
below	O
table	O
do	O
not	O
represent	O
the	O
absolute	O
maximum	O
limit	O
of	O
each	O
interface	B-Application
,	O
but	O
rather	O
an	O
estimate	O
based	O
on	O
a	O
modern	O
standardized	O
timing	O
formula	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HDMI	B-Protocol
1.0	O
and	O
1.1	O
are	O
restricted	O
to	O
transmitting	O
only	O
certain	O
video	O
formats	O
,	O
defined	O
in	O
EIA/CEA	O
-861-B	O
and	O
in	O
the	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
Specification	O
itself	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HDMI	B-Protocol
1.2	O
and	O
all	O
later	O
versions	O
allow	O
any	O
arbitrary	O
resolution	O
and	O
frame	O
rate	O
(	O
within	O
the	O
bandwidth	O
limit	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Formats	O
that	O
are	O
not	O
supported	O
by	O
the	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
Specification	O
(	O
i.e.	O
,	O
no	O
standardized	O
timings	O
defined	O
)	O
may	O
be	O
implemented	O
as	O
a	O
vendor-specific	O
format	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Successive	O
versions	O
of	O
the	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
Specification	O
continue	O
to	O
add	O
support	O
for	O
additional	O
formats	O
(	O
such	O
as	O
4K	B-Architecture
resolutions	I-Architecture
)	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
added	O
support	O
is	O
to	O
establish	O
standardized	O
timings	O
to	O
ensure	O
interoperability	O
between	O
products	O
,	O
not	O
to	O
establish	O
which	O
formats	O
are	O
or	O
are	O
n't	O
permitted	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Video	O
formats	O
do	O
not	O
require	O
explicit	O
support	O
from	O
the	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
Specification	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
be	O
transmitted	O
and	O
displayed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Individual	O
products	O
may	O
have	O
heavier	O
limitations	O
than	O
those	O
listed	O
below	O
,	O
since	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
devices	O
are	O
not	O
required	O
to	O
support	O
the	O
maximum	O
bandwidth	O
of	O
the	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
version	O
that	O
they	O
implement	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Therefore	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
guaranteed	O
that	O
a	O
display	O
will	O
support	O
the	O
refresh	O
rates	O
listed	O
in	O
this	O
table	O
,	O
even	O
if	O
the	O
display	O
has	O
the	O
required	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
version	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Uncompressed	B-Device
8bpc	O
(	O
24bit/px	O
)	O
color	O
depth	O
and	O
RGB	O
or	O
4:4:4	O
color	O
format	O
are	O
assumed	O
on	O
this	O
table	O
except	O
where	O
noted	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HDR10	B-Device
requires	O
10bpc	O
(	O
30bit/px	O
)	O
color	O
depth	O
,	O
which	O
uses	O
25%	O
more	O
bandwidth	O
than	O
standard	O
8bpc	O
video	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Uncompressed	B-Device
10bpc	O
color	O
depth	O
and	O
RGB	O
or	O
4:4:4	O
color	O
format	O
are	O
assumed	O
on	O
this	O
table	O
except	O
where	O
noted	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
features	O
defined	O
in	O
the	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
Specification	O
that	O
an	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
device	O
may	O
implement	O
are	O
listed	O
below	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
historical	O
interest	O
,	O
the	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
Specification	O
in	O
which	O
the	O
feature	O
was	O
first	O
added	O
is	O
also	O
listed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
features	O
of	O
the	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
Specification	O
are	O
optional	O
;	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
devices	O
may	O
implement	O
any	O
combination	O
of	O
these	O
features	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
the	O
"	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
version	O
numbers	O
"	O
are	O
commonly	O
misused	O
as	O
a	O
way	O
of	O
indicating	O
that	O
a	O
device	O
supports	O
certain	O
features	O
,	O
this	O
notation	O
has	O
no	O
official	O
meaning	O
and	O
is	O
considered	O
improper	O
by	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
Licensing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
is	O
no	O
officially-defined	O
correlation	O
between	O
features	O
supported	O
by	O
a	O
device	O
and	O
any	O
claimed	O
"	O
version	O
numbers	O
"	O
,	O
as	O
version	O
numbers	O
refer	O
to	O
historical	O
editions	O
of	O
the	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
Specification	O
document	O
,	O
not	O
to	O
particular	O
classes	O
of	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Manufacturers	O
are	O
forbidden	O
from	O
describing	O
their	O
devices	O
using	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
version	O
numbers	O
,	O
and	O
are	O
required	O
to	O
identify	O
support	O
for	O
features	O
by	O
listing	O
explicit	O
support	O
for	O
them	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
forum	O
has	O
received	O
criticism	O
for	O
lack	O
of	O
enforcement	O
of	O
these	O
policies	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Display	O
Stream	O
Compression	O
(	O
DSC	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
VESA-developed	O
video	O
compression	O
algorithm	O
designed	O
to	O
enable	O
increased	O
display	O
resolutions	O
and	O
frame	O
rates	O
over	O
existing	O
physical	O
interfaces	B-Application
,	O
and	O
make	O
devices	O
smaller	O
and	O
lighter	O
,	O
with	O
longer	O
battery	O
life	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Blu-ray	O
Disc	O
and	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD	I-Operating_System
,	O
introduced	O
in	O
2006	O
,	O
offer	O
high-fidelity	O
audio	O
features	O
that	O
require	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
for	O
best	O
results	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HDMI	B-Protocol
1.3	O
can	O
transport	O
Dolby	O
Digital	O
Plus	O
,	O
Dolby	O
TrueHD	O
,	O
and	O
DTS-HD	O
Master	O
Audio	O
bitstreams	O
in	O
compressed	O
form	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Blu-ray	O
specification	O
does	O
not	O
include	O
video	O
encoded	O
with	O
either	O
deep	O
color	O
or	O
xvYCC	O
;	O
thus	O
,	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
1.0	O
can	O
transfer	O
Blu-ray	O
discs	O
at	O
full	O
video	O
quality	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
1.4	O
specification	O
(	O
released	O
in	O
2009	O
)	O
added	O
support	O
for	O
3D	B-Algorithm
video	O
and	O
is	O
used	O
by	O
all	O
Blu-ray	O
3D	B-Algorithm
compatible	O
players	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Blu-ray	O
Disc	O
Association	O
(	O
BDA	O
)	O
spokespersons	O
have	O
stated	O
(	O
Sept	O
.	O
2014	O
at	O
IFA	O
show	O
in	O
Berlin	O
,	O
Germany	O
)	O
that	O
the	O
Blu-ray	O
,	O
Ultra	B-Device
HD	I-Device
players	O
,	O
and	O
4K	B-Device
discs	O
are	O
expected	O
to	O
be	O
available	O
starting	O
in	O
the	O
second	O
half	O
to	O
2015	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
anticipated	O
that	O
such	O
Blu-ray	O
UHD	B-Device
players	O
will	O
be	O
required	O
to	O
include	O
a	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
2.0	O
output	O
that	O
supports	O
HDCP	B-Protocol
2.2	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
Blu-ray	O
and	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD	I-Operating_System
players	O
can	O
decode	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
audio	O
codecs	B-General_Concept
internally	O
and	O
can	O
output	O
LPCM	B-Algorithm
audio	O
over	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Multichannel	O
LPCM	B-Algorithm
can	O
be	O
transported	O
over	O
an	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
connection	O
,	O
and	O
as	O
long	O
as	O
the	O
AV	O
receiver	O
implements	O
multichannel	O
LPCM	B-Algorithm
audio	O
over	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
and	O
implements	O
HDCP	B-Protocol
,	O
the	O
audio	O
reproduction	O
is	O
equal	O
in	O
resolution	O
to	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
1.3	O
bitstream	O
output	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
low-cost	O
AV	O
receivers	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
Onkyo	O
TX-SR506	O
,	O
do	O
not	O
allow	O
audio	O
processing	O
over	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
and	O
are	O
labelled	O
as	O
"	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
pass	O
through	O
"	O
devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Virtually	O
all	O
modern	O
AV	O
Receivers	O
now	O
offer	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
1.4	O
inputs	O
and	O
outputs	O
with	O
processing	O
for	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
audio	O
formats	O
offered	O
by	O
Blu-ray	O
Discs	O
and	O
other	O
HD	O
video	O
sources	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
During	O
2014	O
several	O
manufacturers	O
introduced	O
premium	O
AV	O
Receivers	O
that	O
include	O
one	O
,	O
or	O
multiple	O
,	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
2.0	O
inputs	O
along	O
with	O
a	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
2.0	O
output(s )	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
not	O
until	O
2015	O
did	O
most	O
major	O
manufacturers	O
of	O
AV	O
receivers	O
also	O
support	O
HDCP	B-Protocol
2.2	O
as	O
needed	O
to	O
support	O
certain	O
high	O
quality	O
UHD	B-Device
video	O
sources	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Blu-ray	O
UHD	B-Device
players	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
consumer	O
camcorders	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
many	O
digital	B-Device
cameras	I-Device
,	O
are	O
equipped	O
with	O
a	O
mini-HDMI	O
connector	O
(	O
type	O
C	O
connector	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
cameras	O
also	O
have	O
4K	B-Device
capability	O
,	O
</s>
<s>
although	O
cameras	O
capable	O
of	O
HD	O
video	O
often	O
include	O
an	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
interface	B-Application
for	O
playback	O
or	O
even	O
live	B-Device
preview	I-Device
,	O
the	O
image	B-General_Concept
processor	I-General_Concept
and	O
the	O
video	O
processor	O
of	O
cameras	O
usable	O
for	O
uncompressed	B-Device
video	I-Device
must	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
deliver	O
the	O
full	O
image	B-Algorithm
resolution	I-Algorithm
at	O
the	O
specified	O
frame	O
rate	O
in	O
real	O
time	O
without	O
any	O
missing	O
frames	O
causing	O
jitter	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Therefore	O
,	O
usable	O
uncompressed	B-Device
video	I-Device
out	O
of	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
is	O
often	O
called	O
"	O
clean	B-Device
HDMI	I-Device
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Personal	B-Device
computer	I-Device
(	O
PCs	B-Device
)	O
with	O
a	O
DVI	B-Protocol
interface	B-Application
are	O
capable	O
of	O
video	O
output	O
to	O
an	O
HDMI-enabled	O
monitor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
PCs	B-Device
include	O
an	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
interface	B-Application
and	O
may	O
also	O
be	O
capable	O
of	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
audio	O
output	O
,	O
depending	O
on	O
specific	O
hardware	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
Intel	O
's	O
motherboard	O
chipsets	O
since	O
the	O
945G	O
and	O
NVIDIA	O
's	O
GeForce	B-Application
8200/8300	O
motherboard	O
chipsets	O
are	O
capable	O
of	O
8-channel	O
LPCM	B-Algorithm
output	O
over	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Eight-channel	O
LPCM	B-Algorithm
audio	O
output	O
over	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
with	O
a	O
video	O
card	O
was	O
first	O
seen	O
with	O
the	O
ATI	O
Radeon	O
HD	B-Device
4850	I-Device
,	O
which	O
was	O
released	O
in	O
June	O
2008	O
and	O
is	O
implemented	O
by	O
other	O
video	O
cards	O
in	O
the	O
ATI	B-Device
Radeon	I-Device
HD	I-Device
4000	I-Device
series	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Linux	B-Application
can	O
drive	O
8-channel	O
LPCM	B-Algorithm
audio	O
over	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
if	O
the	O
video	O
card	O
has	O
the	O
necessary	O
hardware	O
and	O
implements	O
the	O
Advanced	B-Application
Linux	I-Application
Sound	I-Application
Architecture	I-Application
(	O
ALSA	B-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ATI	B-Device
Radeon	I-Device
HD	I-Device
4000	I-Device
series	I-Device
implements	O
ALSA	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Even	O
with	O
an	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
output	O
,	O
a	O
computer	O
may	O
not	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
produce	O
signals	O
that	O
implement	O
HDCP	B-Protocol
,	O
Microsoft	O
's	O
Protected	O
Video	O
Path	O
,	O
or	O
Microsoft	O
's	O
Protected	O
Audio	O
Path	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Several	O
early	O
graphic	O
cards	O
were	O
labelled	O
as	O
"	O
HDCP-enabled	O
"	O
but	O
did	O
not	O
have	O
the	O
hardware	O
needed	O
for	O
HDCP	B-Protocol
;	O
this	O
included	O
some	O
graphic	O
cards	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
ATI	O
X1600	O
chipset	O
and	O
certain	O
models	O
of	O
the	O
NVIDIA	B-Application
Geforce	I-Application
7900	O
series	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
computer	B-Device
monitors	I-Device
that	O
could	O
process	O
HDCP	B-Protocol
were	O
released	O
in	O
2005	O
;	O
by	O
February	O
2006	O
a	O
dozen	O
different	O
models	O
had	O
been	O
released	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Protected	O
Video	O
Path	O
was	O
enabled	O
in	O
graphic	O
cards	O
that	O
had	O
HDCP	B-Protocol
capability	O
,	O
since	O
it	O
was	O
required	O
for	O
output	O
of	O
Blu-ray	O
Disc	O
and	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD	I-Operating_System
video	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Uncompressed	B-Device
LPCM	B-Algorithm
audio	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
does	O
not	O
require	O
a	O
Protected	O
Audio	O
Path	O
,	O
and	O
software	O
programs	O
such	O
as	O
PowerDVD	O
and	O
WinDVD	O
can	O
decode	O
Dolby	O
TrueHD	O
and	O
DTS-HD	O
MA	O
and	O
output	O
it	O
as	O
LPCM	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Asus	O
Xonar	O
HDAV1.3	O
became	O
the	O
first	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
sound	O
card	O
that	O
implemented	O
the	O
Protected	O
Audio	O
Path	O
and	O
could	O
both	O
bitstream	O
and	O
decode	O
lossless	O
audio	O
(	O
Dolby	O
TrueHD	O
and	O
DTS-HD	O
MA	O
)	O
,	O
although	O
bitstreaming	O
is	O
only	O
available	O
if	O
using	O
the	O
ArcSoft	O
TotalMedia	O
Theatre	O
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
has	O
an	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
1.3	O
input/output	O
,	O
and	O
Asus	O
says	O
that	O
it	O
can	O
work	O
with	O
most	O
video	O
cards	O
on	O
the	O
market	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
September	O
2009	O
,	O
AMD	O
announced	O
the	O
ATI	O
Radeon	O
HD	O
5000	O
series	O
video	O
cards	O
,	O
which	O
have	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
1.3	O
output	O
(	O
deep	O
color	O
,	O
xvYCC	O
wide	O
gamut	O
capability	O
and	O
high	O
bit	O
rate	O
audio	O
)	O
,	O
8-channel	O
LPCM	B-Algorithm
over	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
,	O
and	O
an	O
integrated	O
HD	O
audio	O
controller	O
with	O
a	O
Protected	O
Audio	O
Path	O
that	O
allows	O
bitstream	O
output	O
over	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
for	O
AAC	O
,	O
Dolby	O
AC-3	O
,	O
Dolby	O
TrueHD	O
and	O
DTS-HD	O
Master	O
Audio	O
formats	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ATI	O
Radeon	O
HD	O
5870	O
released	O
in	O
September	O
2009	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
video	O
card	O
that	O
allows	O
bitstream	O
output	O
over	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
for	O
Dolby	O
TrueHD	O
and	O
DTS-HD	O
Master	O
Audio	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
AMD	O
Radeon	O
HD	O
6000	O
Series	O
implements	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
1.4a	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
AMD	O
Radeon	O
HD	O
7000	O
Series	O
implements	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
1.4b	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
December	O
2010	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
announced	O
that	O
several	O
computer	O
vendors	O
and	O
display	O
makers	O
including	O
Intel	O
,	O
AMD	O
,	O
Dell	O
,	O
Lenovo	O
,	O
Samsung	B-Application
,	O
and	O
LG	O
would	O
stop	O
using	O
LVDS	B-Architecture
(	O
actually	O
,	O
FPD-Link	B-Protocol
)	O
from	O
2013	O
and	O
legacy	O
DVI	B-Protocol
and	O
VGA	B-Protocol
connectors	I-Protocol
from	O
2015	O
,	O
replacing	O
them	O
with	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
and	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
August	O
27	O
,	O
2012	O
,	O
Asus	O
announced	O
a	O
new	O
monitor	O
that	O
produces	O
its	O
native	O
resolution	O
of	O
2560×1440	O
via	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
1.4	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
September	O
18	O
,	O
2014	O
,	O
Nvidia	O
launched	O
GeForce	B-Application
GTX	I-Application
980	O
and	O
GTX	O
970	O
(	O
with	O
GM204	O
chip	O
)	O
with	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
2.0	O
support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
January	O
22	O
,	O
2015	O
,	O
GeForce	B-Application
GTX	I-Application
960	O
(	O
with	O
GM206	O
chip	O
)	O
launched	O
with	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
2.0	O
support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
March	O
17	O
,	O
2015	O
,	O
GeForce	B-Application
GTX	I-Application
TITAN	O
X	O
(	O
GM200	O
)	O
launched	O
with	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
2.0	O
support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
June	O
1	O
,	O
2015	O
,	O
GeForce	B-Application
GTX	I-Application
980	O
Ti	O
(	O
with	O
GM200	O
chip	O
)	O
launched	O
with	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
2.0	O
support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
August	O
20	O
,	O
2015	O
,	O
GeForce	B-Application
GTX	I-Application
950	O
(	O
with	O
GM206	O
chip	O
)	O
launched	O
with	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
2.0	O
support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
May	O
6	O
,	O
2016	O
,	O
Nvidia	O
launched	O
the	O
GeForce	B-Application
GTX	I-Application
1080	O
(	O
GP104	O
GPU	O
)	O
with	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
2.0b	O
support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
September	O
1	O
,	O
2020	O
,	O
Nvidia	O
launched	O
the	O
GeForce	B-Application
RTX	O
30	O
series	O
,	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
first	O
discrete	O
graphics	O
cards	O
with	O
support	O
for	O
the	O
full	O
48Gbit/s	O
bandwidth	O
with	O
Display	O
Stream	O
Compression	O
1.2	O
of	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
2.1	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Beginning	O
with	O
the	O
seventh	B-Application
generation	I-Application
of	I-Application
video	I-Application
game	I-Application
consoles	I-Application
,	O
most	O
consoles	O
support	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Video	B-Application
game	I-Application
consoles	I-Application
that	O
support	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
include	O
the	B-Operating_System
Xbox	I-Operating_System
360	I-Operating_System
(	O
1.2a	O
)	O
,	O
Xbox	B-Device
One	I-Device
(	O
1.4b	O
)	O
,	O
Xbox	B-Device
One	I-Device
S	O
(	O
2.0a	O
)	O
,	O
Xbox	B-Device
One	I-Device
X	O
(	O
2.0b	O
)	O
,	O
PlayStation	B-Operating_System
3	I-Operating_System
(	O
1.3a	O
)	O
,	O
PlayStation	B-Operating_System
4	I-Operating_System
(	O
1.4b	O
)	O
,	O
PlayStation	B-Device
4	I-Device
Pro	I-Device
(	O
2.0a	O
)	O
,	O
Wii	B-Device
U	I-Device
(	O
1.4a	O
)	O
,	O
Nintendo	B-Device
Switch	I-Device
(	O
1.4b	O
)	O
,	O
Nintendo	B-Device
Switch	I-Device
(	O
OLED	O
model	O
)	O
(	O
2.0a	O
)	O
,	O
Xbox	B-Device
Series	I-Device
X	I-Device
and	I-Device
Series	I-Device
S	I-Device
(	O
2.1	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
PlayStation	B-Device
5	I-Device
(	O
2.1	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
tablet	B-Device
computers	I-Device
implement	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
using	O
Micro-HDMI	O
(	O
Type	O
D	O
)	O
port	O
,	O
while	O
others	O
like	O
the	O
Eee	B-Application
Pad	I-Application
Transformer	I-Application
implement	O
the	O
standard	O
using	O
mini-HDMI	O
(	O
type	O
C	O
)	O
ports	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
iPad	B-Device
models	O
have	O
a	O
special	O
A/V	O
adapter	O
that	O
converts	O
Apple	O
's	O
Lightning	O
(	O
connector	O
)	O
to	O
a	O
standard	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
(	O
Type	O
A	O
)	O
port	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Samsung	B-Application
has	O
a	O
similar	O
proprietary	B-Device
thirty-pin	O
port	O
for	O
their	O
Galaxy	B-Device
Tab	I-Device
10.1	I-Device
that	O
could	O
adapt	O
to	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
as	O
well	O
as	O
USB	O
drives	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Dell	B-Application
Streak	I-Application
5	I-Application
smartphone/tablet	O
hybrid	O
is	O
capable	O
of	O
outputting	O
over	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
the	O
Streak	O
uses	O
a	O
PDMI	B-Protocol
port	O
,	O
a	O
separate	O
cradle	O
adds	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
compatibility	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
tablets	B-Device
running	O
Android	B-Application
OS	I-Application
provide	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
output	O
using	O
a	O
mini-HDMI	O
(	O
type	O
C	O
)	O
port	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
new	O
laptops	O
and	O
desktops	O
now	O
have	O
built	O
in	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
as	O
well	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
mobile	O
phones	O
can	O
produce	O
an	O
output	O
of	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
video	O
via	O
a	O
micro-HDMI	O
connector	O
,	O
SlimPort	O
,	O
MHL	B-Protocol
or	O
other	O
adapter	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HDMI	B-Protocol
can	O
only	O
be	O
used	O
with	O
older	O
analog-only	O
devices	O
(	O
using	O
connections	O
such	O
as	O
SCART	B-Protocol
,	O
VGA	B-Protocol
,	O
RCA	B-Protocol
,	O
etc	O
.	O
)	O
</s>
<s>
by	O
means	O
of	O
a	O
digital-to-analog	O
converter	O
or	O
AV	O
receiver	O
,	O
as	O
the	O
interface	B-Application
does	O
not	O
carry	O
any	O
analog	O
signals	O
(	O
unlike	O
DVI	B-Protocol
,	O
where	O
devices	O
with	O
DVI-I	B-Protocol
ports	O
accept	O
or	O
provide	O
either	O
digital	O
or	O
analog	O
signals	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Cables	O
are	O
available	O
that	O
contain	O
the	O
necessary	O
electronics	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
is	O
important	O
to	O
distinguish	O
these	O
active	O
converter	O
cables	O
from	O
passive	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
to	O
VGA	B-Protocol
cables	I-Protocol
(	O
which	O
are	O
typically	O
cheaper	O
as	O
they	O
do	O
n't	O
include	O
any	O
electronics	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
passive	O
cables	O
are	O
only	O
useful	O
if	O
a	O
user	O
has	O
a	O
device	O
that	O
is	O
generating	O
or	O
expecting	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
signals	O
on	O
a	O
VGA	B-Protocol
connector	I-Protocol
,	O
or	O
VGA	B-Protocol
signals	O
on	O
an	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
connector	I-Protocol
;	O
this	O
is	O
a	O
non-standard	O
feature	O
,	O
not	O
implemented	O
by	O
most	O
devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
Alternate	O
Mode	O
for	O
USB-C	O
allows	O
HDMI-enabled	O
sources	O
with	O
a	O
USB-C	O
connector	O
to	O
directly	O
connect	O
to	O
standard	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
display	O
devices	O
,	O
without	O
requiring	O
an	O
adapter	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
standard	O
was	O
released	O
in	O
September	O
2016	O
,	O
and	O
supports	O
all	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
1.4b	O
features	O
such	O
as	O
video	O
resolutions	O
up	O
to	O
Ultra	B-Device
HD	I-Device
30Hz	O
and	O
CEC	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Previously	O
,	O
the	O
similar	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
Alternate	O
Mode	O
could	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
connect	O
to	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
displays	O
from	O
USB	O
Type-C	O
sources	O
,	O
but	O
where	O
in	O
that	O
case	O
,	O
active	O
adapters	O
were	O
required	O
to	O
convert	O
from	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
to	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
,	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
Alternate	O
Mode	O
connects	O
to	O
the	O
display	O
natively	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Alternate	O
Mode	O
reconfigures	O
the	O
four	O
SuperSpeed	O
differential	O
pairs	O
present	O
in	O
USB-C	O
to	O
carry	O
the	O
three	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
TMDS	B-Protocol
channels	O
and	O
the	O
clock	O
signal	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
two	O
Sideband	O
Use	O
pins	O
(	O
SBU1	O
and	O
SBU2	O
)	O
are	O
used	O
to	O
carry	O
the	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
Ethernet	O
and	O
Audio	O
Return	O
Channel	O
and	O
the	O
Hot	O
Plug	O
Detect	O
functionality	O
(	O
HEAC+	O
/Utility	O
pin	O
and	O
HEAC−	O
/HPD	O
pin	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
there	O
are	O
not	O
enough	O
reconfigurable	O
pins	O
remaining	O
in	O
USB-C	O
to	O
accommodate	O
the	O
DDC	O
clock	O
(	O
SCL	O
)	O
,	O
DDC	O
data	O
(	O
SDA	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
CEC	O
these	O
three	O
signals	O
are	O
bridged	O
between	O
the	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
source	O
and	O
sink	O
via	O
the	O
USB	O
Power	O
Delivery	O
2.0	O
(	O
USB-PD	O
)	O
protocol	O
,	O
and	O
are	O
carried	O
over	O
the	O
USB-C	O
Configuration	O
Channel	O
(	O
CC	O
)	O
wire	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
possible	O
because	O
the	O
cable	O
is	O
electronically	O
marked	O
(	O
i.e.	O
,	O
it	O
contains	O
a	O
USB-PD	O
node	O
)	O
that	O
serves	O
to	O
tunnel	O
the	O
DDC	O
and	O
CEC	O
from	O
the	O
source	O
over	O
the	O
Configuration	O
Channel	O
to	O
the	O
node	O
in	O
the	O
cable	O
,	O
these	O
USB-PD	O
messages	O
are	O
received	O
and	O
relayed	O
to	O
the	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
sink	O
as	O
regenerated	O
DDC	O
(	O
SCL	O
and	O
SDA	O
signals	O
)	O
,	O
or	O
CEC	O
signals	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
stated	O
at	O
CES	O
in	O
January	O
2023	O
,	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
Alternate	O
Mode	O
for	O
USB	O
Type-C	O
is	O
no	O
longer	O
being	O
updated	O
as	O
there	O
are	O
no	O
known	O
products	O
using	O
this	O
protocol	O
,	O
reducing	O
its	O
relevance	O
in	O
the	O
current	O
market	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
will	O
reduce	O
consumer	O
confusion	O
as	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
Alternate	O
Mode	O
is	O
the	O
primary	O
video	O
protocol	O
of	O
choice	O
over	O
USB-C	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
audio/video	O
interface	B-Application
was	O
introduced	O
in	O
May	O
2006	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
recent	O
years	O
,	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
connectors	I-Protocol
have	O
become	O
a	O
common	O
feature	O
of	O
premium	O
products	O
—	O
displays	O
,	O
desktop	O
computers	O
,	O
and	O
video	O
cards	O
;	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
companies	O
producing	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
equipment	O
are	O
in	O
the	O
computer	O
sector	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
website	O
states	O
that	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
is	O
expected	O
to	O
complement	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
,	O
but	O
100%	O
of	O
HD	O
and	O
UHD	B-Device
TVs	I-Device
had	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
connectivity	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
supported	O
some	O
advanced	O
features	O
which	O
are	O
useful	O
for	O
multimedia	O
content	O
creators	O
and	O
gamers	O
(	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
5K	B-Device
,	O
Adaptive-Sync	O
)	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
the	O
reason	O
most	O
GPUs	O
have	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
features	O
were	O
added	O
to	O
the	O
official	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
specification	O
slightly	O
later	O
,	O
but	O
with	O
the	O
introduction	O
of	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
2.1	O
,	O
these	O
gaps	O
are	O
already	O
leveled	O
off	O
(	O
with	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
VRR	O
/	O
Variable	B-General_Concept
Refresh	I-General_Concept
Rate	I-General_Concept
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
uses	O
a	O
self-clocking	O
,	O
micro-packet-based	O
protocol	O
that	O
allows	O
for	O
a	O
variable	O
number	O
of	O
differential	O
pair	O
lanes	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
flexible	O
allocation	O
of	O
bandwidth	O
between	O
audio	O
and	O
video	O
,	O
and	O
allows	O
encapsulating	O
multi-channel	O
compressed	O
audio	O
formats	O
in	O
the	O
audio	O
stream	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
1.2	O
supports	O
multiple	O
audio/video	O
streams	O
,	O
variable	B-General_Concept
refresh	I-General_Concept
rate	I-General_Concept
(	O
FreeSync	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
Dual-mode	O
transmitters	O
compatible	O
with	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
1.2	O
or	O
1.4	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Revision	O
1.3	O
increases	O
overall	O
transmission	O
bandwidth	O
to	O
32.4Gbit/s	O
with	O
the	O
new	O
HBR3	O
mode	O
featuring	O
8.1Gbit/s	O
per	O
lane	O
;	O
it	O
requires	O
Dual-mode	O
with	O
mandatory	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
2.0	O
compatibility	O
and	O
HDCP	B-Protocol
2.2	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Revision	O
1.4	O
adds	O
Display	O
Stream	O
Compression	O
(	O
DSC	O
)	O
,	O
support	O
for	O
the	O
BT.2020	O
color	B-Algorithm
space	I-Algorithm
,	O
and	O
HDR10	B-Device
extensions	O
from	O
CTA-861.3	O
,	O
including	O
static	O
and	O
dynamic	O
metadata	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
features	O
an	O
adapter	O
detection	O
mechanism	O
enabling	O
dual-mode	O
operation	O
and	O
the	O
transmission	O
of	O
TMDS	B-Protocol
signals	O
allowing	O
the	O
conversion	O
to	O
DVI	B-Protocol
and	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
1.2/1.4/2.0	O
signals	O
using	O
a	O
passive	O
adapter	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
same	O
external	O
connector	O
is	O
used	O
for	O
both	O
protocols	O
when	O
a	O
DVI/HDMI	O
passive	O
adapter	O
is	O
attached	O
,	O
the	O
transmitter	O
circuit	O
switches	O
to	O
TMDS	B-Protocol
mode	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
Dual-mode	O
ports	O
and	O
cables/adapters	O
are	O
typically	O
marked	O
with	O
the	O
DisplayPort++	O
logo	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
ports	I-Protocol
with	O
mDP	B-Protocol
connector	O
also	O
supports	O
Dual-mode	O
passive	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
adapters/cables	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Conversion	O
to	O
dual-link	B-Protocol
DVI	I-Protocol
and	O
component	O
video	O
(	O
VGA/YPbPr	O
)	O
requires	O
active	O
powered	O
adapters	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
USB	O
3.1	O
Type-C	O
connector	O
is	O
an	O
emerging	O
standard	O
that	O
replaces	O
legacy	O
video	B-Protocol
connectors	I-Protocol
such	O
as	O
mDP	B-Protocol
,	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
,	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
,	O
and	O
VGA	B-Protocol
in	O
mobile	O
devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
USB-C	O
connectors	O
can	O
transmit	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
video	O
to	O
docks	O
and	O
displays	O
using	O
standard	O
USB	O
Type-C	O
cables	O
or	O
Type-C	O
to	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
cables	O
and	O
adapters	O
;	O
USB-C	O
also	O
supports	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
adapters	O
that	O
actively	O
convert	O
from	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
to	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
1.4	O
or	O
2.0	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
Alternate	O
Mode	O
for	O
USB	O
Type-C	O
specification	O
was	O
published	O
in	O
2015	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
USB	O
Type-C	O
chipsets	O
are	O
not	O
required	O
to	O
include	O
Dual-mode	O
,	O
so	O
passive	O
DP-HDMI	O
adapters	O
do	O
not	O
work	O
with	O
Type-C	O
sources	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
has	O
a	O
royalty	O
rate	O
of	O
US	O
$0.20	O
per	O
unit	O
(	O
from	O
patents	O
licensed	O
by	O
MPEG	O
LA	O
)	O
,	O
while	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
has	O
an	O
annual	O
fee	O
of	O
US$	O
10,000	O
and	O
a	O
per	O
unit	O
royalty	O
rate	O
of	O
between	O
$0.04	O
and	O
$0.15	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HDMI	B-Protocol
has	O
a	O
few	O
advantages	O
over	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
,	O
such	O
as	O
ability	O
to	O
carry	O
Consumer	O
Electronics	O
Control	O
(	O
CEC	O
)	O
signals	O
,	O
and	O
electrical	O
compatibility	O
with	O
DVI	B-Protocol
(	O
though	O
practically	O
limited	O
to	O
single-link	O
DVI	B-Protocol
rates	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Also	O
,	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
can	O
sustain	O
full	O
bandwidth	O
for	O
up	O
to	O
10	O
meters	O
of	O
cable	O
length	O
and	O
there	O
are	O
certification	O
programs	O
to	O
ensure	O
this	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
VESA	O
states	O
that	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
is	O
specified	O
and	O
tested	O
to	O
run	O
15	O
metres	O
without	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
a	O
booster	O
station	O
,	O
though	O
Dell	O
advises	O
that	O
problems	O
can	O
occur	O
with	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
cables	O
longer	O
than	O
1.8	O
metres	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
active	O
cable	O
solutions	O
and	O
fiber	B-Architecture
optic	I-Architecture
cable	O
extender	O
solutions	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
extend	O
effective	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
distances	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mobile	B-Protocol
High-Definition	I-Protocol
Link	I-Protocol
(	O
MHL	B-Protocol
)	O
is	O
an	O
adaptation	O
of	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
intended	O
to	O
connect	O
mobile	O
devices	O
such	O
as	O
smartphones	O
and	O
tablets	B-Device
to	O
high-definition	B-Device
televisions	I-Device
(	O
HDTVs	B-Device
)	O
and	O
displays	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unlike	O
DVI	B-Protocol
,	O
which	O
is	O
compatible	O
with	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
using	O
only	O
passive	O
cables	O
and	O
adapters	O
,	O
MHL	B-Protocol
requires	O
that	O
the	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
socket	O
be	O
MHL-enabled	O
,	O
otherwise	O
an	O
active	O
adapter	O
(	O
or	O
dongle	B-Device
)	O
is	O
required	O
to	O
convert	O
the	O
signal	O
to	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
MHL	B-Protocol
is	O
developed	O
by	O
a	O
consortium	B-Application
of	O
five	O
consumer	O
electronics	O
manufacturers	O
,	O
several	O
of	O
which	O
are	O
also	O
behind	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
MHL	B-Protocol
pares	O
down	O
the	O
three	O
TMDS	B-Protocol
channels	O
in	O
a	O
standard	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
connection	O
to	O
a	O
single	O
one	O
running	O
over	O
any	O
connector	O
that	O
provides	O
at	O
least	O
five	O
pins	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
USB	O
port	O
switches	O
to	O
MHL	B-Protocol
mode	O
when	O
it	O
detects	O
a	O
compatible	O
device	O
is	O
connected	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
to	O
the	O
features	O
in	O
common	O
with	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
(	O
such	O
as	O
HDCP	B-Protocol
encrypted	O
uncompressed	B-Device
high-definition	O
video	O
and	O
eight-channel	O
surround	O
sound	O
)	O
,	O
MHL	B-Protocol
also	O
adds	O
the	O
provision	O
of	O
power	O
charging	O
for	O
the	O
mobile	O
device	O
while	O
in	O
use	O
,	O
and	O
also	O
enables	O
the	O
TV	O
remote	O
to	O
control	O
it	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
support	O
for	O
these	O
additional	O
features	O
requires	O
connection	O
to	O
an	O
MHL-enabled	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
port	O
,	O
power	O
charging	O
can	O
also	O
be	O
provided	O
when	O
using	O
active	O
MHL	B-Protocol
to	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
adapters	O
(	O
connected	O
to	O
standard	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
ports	O
)	O
,	O
provided	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
separate	O
power	O
connection	O
to	O
the	O
adapter	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Like	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
,	O
MHL	B-Protocol
defines	O
a	O
USB-C	O
Alternate	O
Mode	O
to	O
support	O
the	O
MHL	B-Protocol
standard	O
over	O
USB-C	O
connections	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Version	O
3.0	O
increased	O
the	O
bandwidth	O
to	O
6	O
Gbit/s	O
to	O
support	O
Ultra	B-Device
HD	I-Device
(	O
3840	O
×	O
2160	O
)	O
30Hz	O
video	O
,	O
and	O
also	O
changed	O
from	O
being	O
frame-based	O
,	O
like	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
,	O
to	O
packet-based	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
fourth	O
version	O
,	O
superMHL	O
,	O
increased	O
bandwidth	O
by	O
operating	O
over	O
multiple	O
TMDS	B-Protocol
differential	O
pairs	O
(	O
up	O
to	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
six	O
)	O
allowing	O
a	O
maximum	O
of	O
36	O
Gbit/s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
six	O
lanes	O
are	O
supported	O
over	O
a	O
reversible	O
32-pin	O
superMHL	O
connector	O
,	O
while	O
four	O
lanes	O
are	O
supported	O
over	O
USB-C	O
Alternate	O
Mode	O
(	O
only	O
a	O
single	O
lane	O
is	O
supported	O
over	O
micro-USB/HDMI	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Display	O
Stream	O
Compression	O
(	O
DSC	O
)	O
is	O
used	O
to	O
allow	O
up	O
to	O
8K	B-Architecture
Ultra	B-Device
HD	I-Device
(	O
7680	O
×	O
4320	O
)	O
120Hz	O
HDR	B-Application
video	I-Application
,	O
and	O
to	O
support	O
Ultra	B-Device
HD	I-Device
60Hz	O
video	O
over	O
a	O
single	O
lane	O
.	O
</s>
