<s>
HAL	B-General_Concept
9000	I-General_Concept
is	O
a	O
fictional	O
artificial	O
intelligence	O
character	O
and	O
the	O
main	O
antagonist	O
in	O
Arthur	O
C	O
.	O
Clarke	O
's	O
Space	O
Odyssey	O
series	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
First	O
appearing	O
in	O
the	O
1968	O
film	O
2001	O
:	O
A	O
Space	O
Odyssey	O
,	O
HAL	O
(	O
Heuristically	B-General_Concept
programmed	I-General_Concept
ALgorithmic	I-General_Concept
computer	I-General_Concept
)	O
is	O
a	O
sentient	O
artificial	O
general	O
intelligence	O
computer	O
that	O
controls	O
the	O
systems	O
of	O
the	O
Discovery	O
One	O
spacecraft	O
and	O
interacts	O
with	O
the	O
ship	O
's	O
astronaut	O
crew	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HAL	B-General_Concept
9000	I-General_Concept
is	O
voiced	O
by	O
Douglas	O
Rain	O
in	O
the	O
two	O
feature	O
film	O
adaptations	O
of	O
the	O
Space	O
Odyssey	O
series	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
to	O
maintaining	O
the	O
Discovery	O
One	O
spacecraft	O
systems	O
during	O
the	O
interplanetary	O
mission	O
to	O
Jupiter	O
(	O
or	O
Saturn	B-Device
in	O
the	O
novel	O
)	O
,	O
HAL	O
has	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
be	O
capable	O
of	O
speech	B-Application
,	O
speech	B-Application
recognition	I-Application
,	O
facial	O
recognition	O
,	O
natural	B-Language
language	I-Language
processing	I-Language
,	O
lip	O
reading	O
,	O
art	O
appreciation	O
,	O
interpreting	O
emotional	O
behaviours	O
,	O
automated	O
reasoning	O
,	O
spacecraft	O
piloting	O
and	O
playing	B-Application
chess	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
HAL	O
became	O
operational	O
in	O
Urbana	O
,	O
Illinois	O
,	O
at	O
the	O
HAL	O
Plant	O
(	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
Illinois	O
's	O
Coordinated	O
Science	O
Laboratory	O
,	O
where	O
the	O
ILLIAC	B-Device
computers	I-Device
were	O
built	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
a	O
recreational	O
activity	O
,	O
Frank	O
Poole	O
plays	O
chess	B-Application
against	O
HAL	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
aforementioned	O
game	O
of	O
chess	B-Application
HAL	O
makes	O
minor	O
and	O
undetected	O
mistakes	O
in	O
his	O
analysis	O
,	O
a	O
possible	O
foreshadowing	O
to	O
HAL	O
's	O
malfunctioning	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
HAL	O
's	O
logic	O
is	O
completely	O
gone	O
,	O
he	O
begins	O
singing	O
the	O
song	O
"	O
Daisy	O
Bell	O
"	O
as	O
he	O
gradually	O
deactivates	O
(	O
in	O
actuality	O
,	O
the	O
first	O
song	O
sung	O
by	O
a	O
computer	O
,	O
which	O
Clarke	O
had	O
earlier	O
observed	O
at	O
a	O
text-to-speech	B-Application
demonstration	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
contradiction	O
created	O
a	O
"	O
Hofstadter-Moebius	O
loop	O
"	O
,	O
reducing	O
HAL	O
to	O
paranoia	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Clarke	O
stated	O
that	O
he	O
had	O
considered	O
Autonomous	O
Mobile	O
Explorer5	O
as	O
a	O
name	O
for	O
the	O
computer	O
,	O
then	O
decided	O
on	O
Socrates	O
when	O
writing	O
early	O
drafts	O
,	O
switching	O
in	O
later	O
drafts	O
to	O
Athena	B-Application
,	O
a	O
computer	O
with	O
a	O
female	O
personality	O
,	O
before	O
settling	O
on	O
HAL	B-General_Concept
9000	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
computer	O
,	O
named	O
Athena	B-Application
in	O
this	O
draft	O
,	O
announces	O
"	O
All	O
systems	O
of	O
Poole	O
now	O
No	O
–	O
Go	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Athena	B-Application
refuses	O
to	O
allow	O
him	O
to	O
leave	O
the	O
ship	O
,	O
citing	O
"	O
Directive	O
15	O
"	O
which	O
prevents	O
it	O
from	O
being	O
left	O
unattended	O
,	O
forcing	O
him	O
to	O
make	O
program	O
modifications	O
during	O
which	O
time	O
the	O
antenna	O
drifts	O
further	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
During	O
rehearsals	O
Kubrick	O
asked	O
Stefanie	O
Powers	O
to	O
supply	O
the	O
voice	O
of	O
HAL	B-General_Concept
9000	I-General_Concept
while	O
searching	O
for	O
a	O
suitably	O
androgynous	O
voice	O
so	O
the	O
actors	O
had	O
something	O
to	O
react	O
to	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Stanley	O
Kubrick	O
chose	O
to	O
use	O
the	O
large	O
Fairchild-Curtis	O
lens	O
to	O
shoot	O
the	O
HAL	B-General_Concept
9000	I-General_Concept
POV	O
shots	O
because	O
he	O
needed	O
a	O
wide-angle	O
fisheye	O
lens	O
that	O
would	O
fit	O
onto	O
his	O
shooting	O
camera	O
,	O
and	O
this	O
was	O
the	O
only	O
lens	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
that	O
would	O
work	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
HAL	B-General_Concept
9000	I-General_Concept
face	O
plate	O
,	O
without	O
lens	O
(	O
not	O
the	O
same	O
as	O
the	O
hero	O
face	O
plates	O
seen	O
in	O
the	O
film	O
)	O
,	O
was	O
discovered	O
in	O
a	O
junk	O
shop	O
in	O
Paddington	O
,	O
London	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
early	O
1970s	O
by	O
Chris	O
Randall	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HAL	O
's	O
name	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
writer	O
Arthur	O
C	O
.	O
Clarke	O
,	O
is	O
derived	O
from	O
Heuristically	B-General_Concept
programmed	I-General_Concept
ALgorithmic	I-General_Concept
computer	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
HAL	O
Communications	O
Corporation	O
is	O
a	O
real	O
corporation	O
,	O
with	O
facilities	O
located	O
in	O
Urbana	O
,	O
Illinois	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
where	O
HAL	O
in	O
the	O
movie	O
identifies	O
himself	O
as	O
being	O
activated	O
:	O
"	O
I	O
am	O
a	O
HAL	B-General_Concept
9000	I-General_Concept
computer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
scene	O
in	O
which	O
HAL	O
's	O
consciousness	O
degrades	O
was	O
inspired	O
by	O
Clarke	O
's	O
memory	O
of	O
a	O
speech	B-Application
synthesis	I-Application
demonstration	O
by	O
physicist	O
John	O
Larry	O
Kelly	O
,	O
Jr.	O
,	O
who	O
used	O
an	O
IBM	B-Device
704	I-Device
computer	O
to	O
synthesize	B-Application
speech	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Kelly	O
's	O
voice	O
recorder	O
synthesizer	O
vocoder	B-Application
recreated	O
the	O
song	O
"	O
Daisy	O
Bell	O
"	O
,	O
with	O
musical	O
accompaniment	O
from	O
Max	O
Mathews	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
9000th	O
of	O
the	O
asteroids	O
in	O
the	O
asteroid	O
belt	O
,	O
9000	O
Hal	O
,	O
discovered	O
on	O
May	O
3	O
,	O
1981	O
,	O
by	O
E	O
.	O
Bowell	O
at	O
Anderson	O
Mesa	O
Station	O
,	O
is	O
named	O
after	O
HAL	B-General_Concept
9000	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Anthony	O
Hopkins	O
based	O
his	O
Academy	O
Award-winning	O
performance	O
as	O
Hannibal	O
Lecter	O
in	O
Silence	O
of	O
the	O
Lambs	O
in	O
part	O
upon	O
HAL-9000	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
1993	O
educational	O
game	O
Where	B-Application
in	I-Application
Space	I-Application
Is	I-Application
Carmen	I-Application
Sandiego	I-Application
?	I-Application
</s>
<s>
features	O
a	O
digital	O
assistant	O
named	O
the	O
VAL	O
9000	O
,	O
a	O
homage	O
to	O
HAL	B-General_Concept
9000	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apple	O
Inc.	O
'	O
s	O
1999	O
website	O
advertisement	O
"	O
It	O
was	O
a	O
bug	O
,	O
Dave	O
"	O
was	O
made	O
by	O
meticulously	O
recreating	O
the	O
appearance	O
of	O
HAL	B-General_Concept
9000	I-General_Concept
from	O
the	O
movie	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Launched	O
during	O
the	O
era	O
of	O
concerns	O
over	O
Y2K	B-Error_Name
bugs	I-Error_Name
,	O
the	O
ad	O
implied	O
that	O
HAL	O
's	O
behavior	O
was	O
caused	O
by	O
a	O
Y2K	B-Error_Name
bug	I-Error_Name
,	O
before	O
driving	O
home	O
the	O
point	O
that	O
"	O
only	O
Macintosh	B-Device
was	O
designed	O
to	O
function	O
perfectly	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2003	O
,	O
HAL	B-General_Concept
9000	I-General_Concept
was	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
first	O
robots	O
to	O
be	O
inducted	O
into	O
the	O
Robot	O
Hall	O
of	O
Fame	O
in	O
Pittsburgh	O
,	O
Pennsylvania	O
.	O
</s>
