<s>
The	O
AMES	O
Type	O
80	O
,	O
sometimes	O
known	O
by	O
its	O
development	O
rainbow	O
code	O
Green	B-Algorithm
Garlic	I-Algorithm
,	O
was	O
a	O
powerful	O
early	B-Algorithm
warning	I-Algorithm
(	O
EW	O
)	O
and	O
ground-controlled	O
interception	O
(	O
GCI	O
)	O
radar	B-Application
developed	O
by	O
the	O
Telecommunications	O
Research	O
Establishment	O
(	O
TRE	O
)	O
and	O
built	O
by	O
Decca	O
for	O
the	O
Royal	O
Air	O
Force	O
(	O
RAF	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
could	O
reliably	O
detect	O
a	O
large	O
fighter	O
or	O
small	O
bomber	B-Application
at	O
ranges	O
over	O
,	O
and	O
large	O
,	O
high-flying	O
aircraft	O
were	O
seen	O
out	O
to	O
the	O
radar	B-Algorithm
horizon	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
the	O
primary	O
military	O
ground-based	O
radar	B-Application
in	O
the	O
UK	O
from	O
the	O
mid-1950s	O
into	O
the	O
late	O
1960s	O
,	O
providing	O
coverage	O
over	O
the	O
entire	O
British	O
Isles	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
late	O
1940s	O
,	O
the	O
RAF	O
developed	O
the	O
ROTOR	B-Application
plan	O
to	O
provide	O
radar	B-Application
coverage	O
over	O
the	O
UK	O
in	O
a	O
phased	O
rollout	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
part	O
of	O
Stage	O
2	O
,	O
a	O
new	O
radar	B-Application
with	O
long	O
range	O
would	O
be	O
deployed	O
starting	O
in	O
1957	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
But	O
a	O
TRE	O
research	O
project	O
,	O
Green	B-Algorithm
Garlic	I-Algorithm
,	O
appeared	O
to	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
fill	O
the	O
same	O
role	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
New	O
sites	O
received	O
updated	O
Mark	O
III	O
models	O
and	O
some	O
formed	O
the	O
Master	O
Radar	B-Application
Stations	I-Application
(	O
MRS	O
)	O
that	O
directed	O
air	O
defences	O
,	O
filling	O
that	O
role	O
as	O
well	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
original	O
ROTOR	B-Application
plans	O
for	O
over	O
60	O
stations	O
was	O
reduced	O
by	O
half	O
,	O
retaining	O
only	O
a	O
small	O
number	O
of	O
older	O
radars	B-Application
to	O
fill	O
gaps	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
of	O
the	O
ROTOR	B-Application
operations	O
rooms	O
,	O
only	O
recently	O
completed	O
,	O
were	O
sold	O
off	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
system	O
was	O
developed	O
during	O
a	O
period	O
of	O
rapid	O
development	O
in	O
both	O
radar	B-Application
technology	O
and	O
the	O
nature	O
of	O
the	O
strategic	O
threat	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
introduction	O
of	O
the	O
hydrogen	O
bomb	O
led	O
to	O
serious	O
questions	O
about	O
the	O
nature	O
of	O
the	O
defence	O
,	O
as	O
a	O
single	O
bomber	B-Application
escaping	O
interception	O
was	O
capable	O
of	O
causing	O
catastrophic	O
damage	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Meanwhile	O
,	O
the	O
introduction	O
of	O
the	O
carcinotron	B-Algorithm
radar	B-Application
jammer	O
appeared	O
to	O
make	O
such	O
attacks	O
much	O
more	O
likely	O
to	O
succeed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Two	O
Type	O
80s	O
were	O
retained	O
in	O
this	O
network	O
for	O
coverage	O
over	O
the	O
North	O
Sea	O
,	O
and	O
several	O
more	O
were	O
used	O
for	O
air	B-Application
traffic	I-Application
control	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
last	O
Type	O
80	O
,	O
at	O
RAF	B-Algorithm
Buchan	I-Algorithm
,	O
shut	O
down	O
in	O
1993	O
after	O
37	O
years	O
of	O
operation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
the	O
middle	O
of	O
1943	O
,	O
the	O
UK	O
's	O
radar	B-Application
network	O
was	O
in	O
a	O
fairly	O
complete	O
form	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
primarily	O
used	O
the	O
Chain	O
Home	O
radars	B-Application
for	O
early	B-Algorithm
warning	I-Algorithm
,	O
supplanted	O
by	O
Chain	O
Home	O
Low	O
and	O
a	O
handful	O
of	O
other	O
special-purpose	O
early	B-Algorithm
warning	I-Algorithm
designs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Much	O
of	O
the	O
work	O
detailed	O
ways	O
to	O
improve	O
the	O
system	O
by	O
sending	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
radar	B-Application
data	O
from	O
the	O
outlying	O
stations	O
to	O
Master	O
GCI	O
stations	O
,	O
instead	O
of	O
having	O
to	O
hand	O
data	O
from	O
station	O
to	O
station	O
as	O
aircraft	O
moved	O
about	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
1950	O
these	O
had	O
resulted	O
in	O
two	O
broad	O
deployment	O
plans	O
,	O
ROTOR	B-Application
and	O
VAST	O
,	O
covering	O
systems	O
in	O
the	O
UK	O
and	O
overseas	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ROTOR	B-Application
was	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
two-phase	O
program	O
,	O
initially	O
providing	O
coverage	O
only	O
in	O
the	O
"	O
Core	O
Defended	O
Area	O
"	O
around	O
London	O
,	O
and	O
then	O
gradually	O
expanding	O
to	O
cover	O
the	O
entire	O
British	O
Isles	O
over	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
Phase	O
I	O
,	O
28	O
of	O
the	O
wartime	O
radar	B-Application
sites	O
would	O
be	O
upgraded	O
with	O
new	O
electronics	O
,	O
a	O
further	O
14	O
"	O
Chain	O
Early	B-Algorithm
Warning	I-Algorithm
"	O
stations	O
using	O
the	O
Type	O
14	O
and	O
Type	O
13	O
would	O
be	O
added	O
,	O
along	O
with	O
8	O
new	O
GCI	O
stations	O
with	O
upgraded	O
Type	O
7	O
's	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Control	O
would	O
be	O
divided	O
among	O
six	O
Sector	O
Operations	O
Centres	O
,	O
coordinating	O
reports	O
from	O
the	O
radars	B-Application
in	O
their	O
area	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ROTOR	B-Application
Phase	O
II	O
would	O
replace	O
the	O
early	B-Algorithm
warning	I-Algorithm
portions	O
of	O
the	O
network	O
with	O
a	O
dramatically	O
more	O
powerful	O
Microwave	B-Algorithm
Early	I-Algorithm
Warning	I-Algorithm
(	O
MEW	O
)	O
radar	B-Application
,	O
which	O
would	O
push	O
the	O
detection	O
range	O
out	O
and	O
give	O
the	O
operators	O
more	O
time	O
to	O
deal	O
with	O
aircraft	O
that	O
were	O
now	O
expected	O
to	O
be	O
jet	O
powered	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
both	O
phases	O
of	O
ROTOR	B-Application
,	O
shorter-range	O
radars	B-Application
like	O
the	O
Type	O
7	O
and	O
Type	O
14	O
would	O
continue	O
to	O
fill	O
the	O
GCI	O
role	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
understood	O
that	O
the	O
GCI	O
radars	B-Application
would	O
have	O
to	O
be	O
replaced	O
at	O
some	O
point	O
,	O
and	O
even	O
by	O
1950	O
there	O
were	O
several	O
radar	B-Application
systems	I-Application
under	O
consideration	O
for	O
this	O
role	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
two	O
Phase	O
II	O
concepts	O
were	O
formalized	O
under	O
Operational	O
Requirements	O
OR2047	O
for	O
the	O
early	B-Algorithm
warning	I-Algorithm
system	O
,	O
and	O
OR2046	O
for	O
the	O
GCI	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
also	O
realized	O
that	O
passing	O
the	O
information	O
from	O
the	O
early	B-Algorithm
warning	I-Algorithm
to	O
the	O
GCI	O
radars	B-Application
would	O
be	O
problematic	O
,	O
so	O
ROTOR	B-Application
also	O
called	O
for	O
the	O
construction	O
of	O
six	O
Sector	O
Operation	O
Centers	O
(	O
SOCs	O
)	O
to	O
coordinate	O
the	O
information	O
being	O
provided	O
from	O
the	O
EW	O
radars	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Plans	O
began	O
to	O
develop	O
a	O
system	O
to	O
automatically	O
forward	O
information	O
from	O
the	O
radars	B-Application
to	O
the	O
SOCs	O
and	O
combine	O
it	O
onto	O
a	O
single	O
large	O
display	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ROTOR	B-Application
plans	O
were	O
taking	O
place	O
during	O
a	O
period	O
of	O
rapid	O
technical	O
development	O
at	O
the	O
UK	O
's	O
radar	B-Application
research	O
establishments	O
the	O
RAF-oriented	O
Telecommunications	O
Research	O
Establishment	O
(	O
TRE	O
)	O
,	O
the	O
Army-oriented	O
Radar	B-Application
Research	O
and	O
Development	O
Establishment	O
(	O
RRDE	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
Navy	O
's	O
Admiralty	O
Signal	O
Establishment	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Among	O
the	O
important	O
advances	O
in	O
the	O
immediate	O
post-war	O
era	O
were	O
higher-power	O
cavity	B-Architecture
magnetrons	I-Architecture
over	O
1MW	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
introduction	O
of	O
new	O
wide-bandwidth	O
low-noise	O
crystal	O
detectors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
radar	B-Application
equation	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
4th	O
root	O
of	O
received	O
energy	O
,	O
meaning	O
that	O
three	O
times	O
the	O
energy	O
results	O
in	O
about	O
a	O
75%	O
increase	O
in	O
effective	O
range	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Combining	O
the	O
new	O
receiver	O
with	O
the	O
more	O
powerful	O
magnetrons	B-Architecture
suggested	O
a	O
doubling	O
of	O
the	O
effective	O
range	O
was	O
possible	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
test	O
these	O
concepts	O
,	O
the	O
TRE	O
built	O
a	O
lash-up	O
system	O
using	O
two	O
antennas	O
from	O
the	O
Type	O
14	O
radars	B-Application
,	O
placing	O
them	O
side	O
by	O
side	O
on	O
a	O
Type	O
7	O
turntable	O
,	O
and	O
replacing	O
the	O
Type	O
14	O
's	O
500kW	O
cavity	B-Architecture
magnetron	I-Architecture
with	O
a	O
new	O
1.5MW	O
model	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
example	O
,	O
known	O
as	O
Green	B-Algorithm
Garlic	I-Algorithm
,	O
was	O
operational	O
on	O
18	O
February	O
1951	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
few	O
days	O
later	O
it	O
demonstrated	O
its	O
ability	O
to	O
detect	O
de	O
Havilland	O
Mosquito	O
and	O
Gloster	O
Meteor	O
aircraft	O
at	O
ranges	O
of	O
,	O
and	O
track	O
them	O
continually	O
at	O
while	O
flying	O
at	O
,	O
a	O
rather	O
dramatic	O
improvement	O
over	O
the	O
roughly	O
maximum	O
range	O
of	O
the	O
original	O
Type	O
14	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
relatively	O
minor	O
improvements	O
,	O
Green	B-Algorithm
Garlic	I-Algorithm
could	O
fill	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
requirements	O
of	O
OR2047	O
,	O
yet	O
do	O
so	O
years	O
earlier	O
than	O
the	O
MEW	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
led	O
to	O
changes	O
in	O
the	O
ROTOR	B-Application
plans	O
so	O
that	O
these	O
new	O
radars	B-Application
,	O
referred	O
to	O
within	O
the	O
plans	O
as	O
Stage	O
IA	O
,	O
or	O
Stage	O
,	O
would	O
be	O
deployed	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
ROTOR	B-Application
Phase	O
II	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
MEW	O
's	O
development	O
was	O
spun	O
off	O
to	O
Marconi	B-Device
Wireless	O
Telephones	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Development	O
of	O
a	O
production	O
version	O
of	O
Green	B-Algorithm
Garlic	I-Algorithm
was	O
mostly	O
concerned	O
with	O
the	O
design	O
of	O
an	O
antenna	O
that	O
would	O
provide	O
more	O
vertical	O
coverage	O
than	O
the	O
horizon-scanning	O
pattern	O
of	O
the	O
Type	O
14	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
set	O
of	O
quickly	O
installed	O
systems	O
was	O
carried	O
out	O
under	O
"	O
Operation	O
ROTOR	B-Application
2	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Within	O
the	O
RAF	O
,	O
a	O
new	O
term	O
began	O
to	O
be	O
used	O
,	O
a	O
"	O
horizon	O
limited	O
radar	B-Application
"	O
,	O
a	O
system	O
that	O
could	O
see	O
anything	O
above	O
the	O
radar	B-Algorithm
horizon	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
RAF	O
Bomber	B-Application
Command	O
carried	O
out	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
2,000	O
sorties	O
,	O
met	O
by	O
5,500	O
sorties	O
by	O
RAF	O
Fighter	O
Command	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
its	O
peak	O
,	O
the	O
rate	O
of	O
sorties	O
matched	O
that	O
of	O
the	O
Battle	B-Application
of	I-Application
Britain	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Green	B-Algorithm
Garlic	I-Algorithm
proved	O
to	O
give	O
"	O
outstanding	O
results	O
"	O
,	O
however	O
it	O
also	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
the	O
ROTOR	B-Application
network	O
's	O
limited	O
coverage	O
over	O
northern	O
Scotland	O
provided	O
a	O
"	O
back	O
door	O
"	O
route	O
that	O
allowed	O
bombers	B-Application
to	O
elude	O
the	O
fighters	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
Ardent	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
additional	O
concerns	O
expressed	O
by	O
the	O
Admiralty	O
that	O
this	O
route	O
could	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
mine	O
western	O
ports	O
,	O
an	O
order	O
for	O
an	O
additional	O
eight	O
Stage	O
IA	O
radars	B-Application
was	O
placed	O
in	O
February	O
1953	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
expansion	O
became	O
known	O
as	O
ROTOR	B-Application
Phase	O
III	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Originally	O
,	O
ROTOR	B-Application
was	O
to	O
be	O
in	O
two	O
phases	O
,	O
describing	O
both	O
the	O
expansion	O
of	O
the	O
network	O
and	O
its	O
upgrading	O
with	O
the	O
new	O
radars	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
the	O
Stage	O
IA	O
radar	B-Application
would	O
now	O
be	O
used	O
with	O
ROTOR	B-Application
Phase	O
II	O
and	O
III	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
original	O
Stage	O
II	O
radar	B-Application
was	O
no	O
longer	O
associated	O
with	O
any	O
of	O
ROTOR	B-Application
's	O
phases	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Trimingham	O
was	O
handed	O
over	O
operationally	O
to	O
the	O
RAF	O
in	O
February	O
1955	O
,	O
about	O
six	O
months	O
later	O
than	O
initially	O
expected	O
,	O
but	O
still	O
well	O
over	O
two	O
years	O
before	O
the	O
original	O
ROTOR	B-Application
plans	O
called	O
for	O
the	O
MEW	O
's	O
to	O
be	O
installed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ROTOR	B-Application
I	O
was	O
not	O
completed	O
by	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
1953	O
as	O
expected	O
,	O
as	O
the	O
upgraded	O
Type	O
7	O
's	O
proved	O
to	O
be	O
rather	O
problematic	O
and	O
it	O
was	O
not	O
until	O
early	O
1955	O
that	O
the	O
systems	O
were	O
all	O
modified	O
to	O
correct	O
the	O
problems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
July	O
1955	O
,	O
the	O
ROTOR	B-Application
I	O
system	O
was	O
declared	O
"	O
complete	O
to	O
all	O
intents	O
and	O
purposes	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ROTOR	B-Application
III	O
added	O
another	O
ten	O
stations	O
in	O
Northern	O
Ireland	O
and	O
western	O
Scotland	O
,	O
completing	O
the	O
coverage	O
of	O
the	O
British	O
Isles	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Several	O
improvements	O
were	O
considered	O
as	O
the	O
construction	O
of	O
the	O
original	O
units	O
continued	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
addition	O
of	O
a	O
new	O
2MW	O
magnetron	B-Architecture
and	O
a	O
pressurized	O
waveguide	O
system	O
to	O
keep	O
humidity	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
piping	O
to	O
prevent	O
arcing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
January	O
1957	O
,	O
the	O
installation	O
at	O
RAF	B-Algorithm
Saxa	I-Algorithm
Vord	I-Algorithm
was	O
subjected	O
to	O
wind	O
loads	O
which	O
strained	O
the	O
antenna	O
,	O
and	O
demanded	O
changes	O
to	O
the	O
support	O
framework	O
and	O
mounting	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
the	O
second	O
batch	O
of	O
stations	O
neared	O
their	O
construction	O
start	O
dates	O
,	O
there	O
was	O
not	O
enough	O
time	O
to	O
get	O
the	O
new	O
magnetron	B-Architecture
into	O
production	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
early	O
as	O
1950	O
,	O
the	O
RAF	O
had	O
considered	O
several	O
solutions	O
to	O
the	O
original	O
Phase	O
II	O
GCI	O
requirement	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
Royal	O
Navy	O
's	O
new	O
Type	O
984	O
radar	B-Application
,	O
the	O
Army	O
's	O
Orange	B-Algorithm
Yeoman	I-Algorithm
,	O
and	O
an	O
adaptation	O
of	O
the	O
Type	O
80	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
seemed	O
to	O
eliminate	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
the	O
separate	O
GCI	O
radar	B-Application
,	O
and	O
any	O
given	O
radar	B-Application
could	O
be	O
made	O
into	O
a	O
Type	O
80	O
or	O
Type	O
81	O
simply	O
by	O
moving	O
the	O
antenna	O
between	O
two	O
pre-set	O
positions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
this	O
was	O
being	O
considered	O
,	O
the	O
new	O
2MW	O
magnetron	B-Architecture
finally	O
became	O
available	O
in	O
quantity	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
also	O
led	O
to	O
the	O
curious	O
situation	O
that	O
the	O
new	O
Mark	O
III	O
radars	B-Application
not	O
only	O
performed	O
the	O
GCI	O
role	O
,	O
but	O
also	O
had	O
a	O
longer	O
early	B-Algorithm
warning	I-Algorithm
range	O
than	O
the	O
Mk	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
at	O
this	O
point	O
that	O
the	O
Mark	O
III	O
began	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
significant	O
influence	O
on	O
the	O
ROTOR	B-Application
program	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GCI	O
radars	B-Application
had	O
previously	O
been	O
located	O
inland	O
for	O
two	O
reasons	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
the	O
Mark	O
III	O
,	O
neither	O
of	O
these	O
apply	O
;	O
the	O
range	O
of	O
the	O
system	O
was	O
so	O
great	O
that	O
it	O
could	O
cover	O
the	O
entire	O
inland	O
area	O
even	O
if	O
sited	O
on	O
the	O
coast	O
,	O
and	O
local	O
reflections	O
were	O
avoided	O
by	O
the	O
much	O
narrower	O
beam	O
of	O
the	O
radar	B-Application
,	O
which	O
could	O
aim	O
away	O
from	O
obstructions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
during	O
this	O
same	O
period	O
that	O
the	O
growing	O
concern	O
over	O
the	O
carcinotron	B-Algorithm
valve	O
entered	O
the	O
discussion	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
First	O
announced	O
publicly	O
in	O
1953	O
,	O
the	O
carcinotron	B-Algorithm
could	O
rapidly	O
tune	O
across	O
a	O
wide	O
band	O
of	O
the	O
microwave	O
region	O
by	O
changing	O
the	O
input	O
voltage	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
sweeping	O
the	O
transmission	O
through	O
the	O
entire	O
frequency	O
band	O
of	O
the	O
radars	B-Application
the	O
aircraft	O
might	O
meet	O
,	O
the	O
jammer	O
would	O
fill	O
the	O
radar	B-Application
display	O
with	O
noise	O
that	O
would	O
render	O
the	O
aircraft	O
invisible	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Older	O
jammer	O
systems	O
could	O
do	O
this	O
,	O
but	O
only	O
after	O
isolating	O
the	O
radar	B-Application
frequencies	O
being	O
used	O
and	O
tuning	O
their	O
transmitters	O
to	O
match	O
them	O
,	O
a	O
time-consuming	O
process	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
carcinotron	B-Algorithm
could	O
sweep	O
so	O
rapidly	O
that	O
it	O
could	O
barrage	O
all	O
potential	O
frequencies	O
,	O
effectively	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
test	O
whether	O
such	O
a	O
system	O
would	O
actually	O
be	O
effective	O
,	O
the	O
RAF	O
purchased	O
a	O
carcinotron	B-Algorithm
from	O
the	O
designers	O
at	O
CSF	O
and	O
fitted	O
it	O
to	O
an	O
aircraft	O
christened	O
"	O
Catherine	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
tests	O
beginning	O
in	O
late	O
1954	O
,	O
the	O
jammer	O
proved	O
to	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
render	O
the	O
area	O
around	O
the	O
aircraft	O
unreadable	O
,	O
even	O
when	O
the	O
aircraft	O
was	O
still	O
below	O
the	O
radar	B-Algorithm
horizon	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
the	O
jammer	O
aircraft	O
approached	O
the	O
radar	B-Application
station	I-Application
,	O
the	O
signal	O
would	O
be	O
picked	O
up	O
in	O
the	O
radar	B-Application
antenna	O
's	O
side	O
lobes	O
,	O
until	O
the	O
entire	O
display	O
was	O
filled	O
with	O
noise	O
and	O
nothing	O
could	O
be	O
tracked	O
anywhere	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
appeared	O
that	O
the	O
decade-long	O
effort	O
to	O
provide	O
radar	B-Application
coverage	O
for	O
the	O
UK	O
was	O
being	O
rendered	O
useless	O
at	O
a	O
stroke	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Early	O
post-war	O
thinking	O
treated	O
nuclear	O
weapons	O
in	O
a	O
fashion	O
similar	O
to	O
large	O
conventional	O
ones	O
;	O
the	O
total	O
damage	O
caused	O
by	O
an	O
atomic	O
bomb	O
was	O
less	O
than	O
that	O
of	O
the	O
thousand-bomber	O
raids	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
single	O
atomic	O
attack	O
was	O
unlikely	O
to	O
eliminate	O
a	O
target	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
the	O
accuracy	O
demands	O
greatly	O
reduced	O
there	O
was	O
no	O
need	O
for	O
the	O
bomber	B-Application
to	O
fly	O
over	O
the	O
target	O
for	O
aiming	O
,	O
one	O
could	O
drop	O
the	O
bomb	O
from	O
long	O
range	O
or	O
use	O
a	O
booster	O
to	O
form	O
a	O
simple	O
stand-off	O
missile	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
meant	O
the	O
close-in	O
defence	O
offered	O
by	O
the	O
ROTOR	B-Application
system	O
was	O
largely	O
useless	O
;	O
the	O
enemy	O
bombers	B-Application
would	O
now	O
have	O
to	O
be	O
stopped	O
well	O
before	O
they	O
reached	O
their	O
target	O
areas	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Now	O
they	O
were	O
questioning	O
the	O
entire	O
idea	O
of	O
widespread	O
defence	O
and	O
increasingly	O
seeing	O
any	O
system	O
purely	O
as	O
a	O
way	O
to	O
ensure	O
the	O
survival	O
of	O
the	O
V	O
bomber	B-Application
force	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
April	O
1956	O
,	O
the	O
same	O
month	O
ROTOR	B-Application
I	O
was	O
declared	O
fully	O
operational	O
,	O
the	O
new	O
"	O
1958	O
Plan	O
"	O
was	O
released	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ROTOR	B-Application
II	O
and	O
III	O
disappeared	O
,	O
along	O
with	O
another	O
two	O
stations	O
at	O
RAF	O
Hope	O
Cove	O
and	O
RAF	O
St.	O
Twynnells	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Interceptions	O
would	O
be	O
plotted	O
on	O
new	O
displays	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
overall	O
image	O
would	O
be	O
displayed	O
on	O
the	O
Photographic	O
Display	O
Unit	O
,	O
which	O
had	O
originally	O
been	O
developed	O
for	O
ROTOR	B-Application
Phase	O
II	O
command	O
centres	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Within	O
each	O
sector	O
,	O
there	O
would	O
be	O
multiple	O
radars	B-Application
,	O
with	O
the	O
"	O
comprehensive	O
"	O
stations	O
running	O
the	O
operations	O
as	O
a	O
whole	O
,	O
with	O
backup	O
radars	B-Application
,	O
either	O
GCI	O
or	O
early	B-Algorithm
warning	I-Algorithm
,	O
feeding	O
them	O
information	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
deployment	O
plan	O
had	O
three	O
phases	O
;	O
the	O
first	O
would	O
simply	O
build	O
new	O
command	O
and	O
control	O
centres	O
at	O
eight	O
of	O
the	O
existing	O
GCI	O
sites	O
and	O
build	O
a	O
new	O
one	O
at	O
Farrid	O
Head	O
,	O
phase	O
two	O
would	O
convert	O
another	O
19	O
ROTOR	B-Application
sites	O
to	O
"	O
satellite	O
"	O
stations	O
,	O
and	O
finally	O
,	O
the	O
system	O
would	O
be	O
tied	O
together	O
and	O
automated	O
with	O
computer	O
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
new	O
comprehensive	O
radar	B-Application
stations	I-Application
,	O
later	O
known	O
as	O
Master	O
Radar	B-Application
Stations	I-Application
,	O
had	O
the	O
side-effect	O
of	O
greatly	O
reducing	O
the	O
total	O
complexity	O
of	O
the	O
reporting	O
and	O
control	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
total	O
number	O
of	O
stations	O
was	O
reduced	O
from	O
37	O
of	O
ROTOR	B-Application
III	O
to	O
28	O
,	O
many	O
of	O
the	O
operational	O
centres	O
would	O
not	O
be	O
needed	O
,	O
and	O
3,000	O
full-time	O
manpower	O
requirements	O
could	O
be	O
removed	O
while	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
expanding	O
from	O
a	O
2-shift	O
to	O
3-shift	O
round-the-clock	O
operation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
fact	O
that	O
ROTOR	B-Application
only	O
operated	O
during	O
daylight	O
hours	O
had	O
been	O
a	O
subject	O
of	O
some	O
embarrassment	O
when	O
it	O
was	O
revealed	O
in	O
the	O
US	O
press	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
June	O
1956	O
the	O
sites	O
of	O
the	O
original	O
ROTOR	B-Application
II	O
and	O
III	O
plans	O
were	O
being	O
installed	O
,	O
although	O
a	O
number	O
had	O
been	O
cancelled	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
I	O
at	O
Saxa	B-Algorithm
Vord	I-Algorithm
,	O
one	O
at	O
RAF	O
Aird	O
Uig	O
and	O
another	O
at	O
RAF	O
Killard	O
Point	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Just	O
as	O
the	O
introduction	O
of	O
the	O
hydrogen	O
bomb	O
upset	O
the	O
layout	O
of	O
the	O
ROTOR	B-Application
system	O
and	O
led	O
to	O
the	O
1958	O
Plan	O
,	O
by	O
the	O
mid-1950s	O
concerns	O
over	O
the	O
carcinotron	B-Algorithm
were	O
growing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Plan	O
Ahead	O
was	O
similar	O
to	O
the	O
1958	O
Plan	O
in	O
general	O
concept	O
and	O
network	O
layout	O
,	O
but	O
used	O
the	O
new	O
Type	O
84	O
and	O
Type	O
85	O
radars	B-Application
which	O
had	O
even	O
longer	O
effective	O
range	O
and	O
were	O
much	O
more	O
resistant	O
to	O
jamming	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
had	O
low	O
accuracy	O
,	O
but	O
when	O
armed	O
with	O
hydrogen	O
bombs	O
,	O
they	O
were	O
capable	O
of	O
hitting	O
the	O
V-bomber	O
bases	O
and	O
rendering	O
the	O
UK	O
deterrent	O
force	O
impotent	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Even	O
if	O
they	O
worked	O
perfectly	O
and	O
every	O
enemy	O
bomber	B-Application
was	O
shot	O
down	O
,	O
the	O
country	O
would	O
be	O
destroyed	O
by	O
missiles	O
anyway	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
only	O
defence	O
was	O
deterrence	O
,	O
so	O
it	O
was	O
absolutely	O
essential	O
that	O
the	O
V	O
bomber	B-Application
fleet	O
be	O
given	O
enough	O
warning	O
to	O
launch	O
into	O
their	O
holding	O
areas	O
safe	O
from	O
attack	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
discussions	O
with	O
the	O
US	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
agreed	O
to	O
build	O
a	O
BMEWS	B-Architecture
radar	B-Application
in	O
the	O
UK	O
,	O
giving	O
the	O
bombers	B-Application
enough	O
warning	O
to	O
launch	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
If	O
the	O
Soviets	O
flew	O
aircraft	O
far	O
offshore	O
and	O
jammed	O
the	O
BMEWS	B-Architecture
radar	B-Application
,	O
they	O
could	O
force	O
the	O
RAF	O
to	O
launch	O
the	O
V	O
bombers	B-Application
to	O
staging	O
areas	O
while	O
the	O
threat	O
was	O
investigated	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
was	O
no	O
need	O
to	O
defend	O
anything	O
outside	O
the	O
immediate	O
area	O
of	O
the	O
BMEWS	B-Architecture
and	O
V	O
force	O
airfields	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
eventually	O
merged	O
with	O
civilian	O
air	B-Application
traffic	I-Application
control	I-Application
and	O
reemerged	O
as	O
the	O
Linesman/Mediator	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Plans	O
for	O
a	O
NATO-wide	O
network	O
continued	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
Type	O
80	O
was	O
offered	O
for	O
the	O
main	O
EW	O
radar	B-Application
in	O
this	O
network	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
end	O
,	O
the	O
UK	O
's	O
contribution	O
to	O
NADGE	O
was	O
a	O
Marconi	B-Device
height	B-Algorithm
finder	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
only	O
third-party	O
sales	O
were	O
to	O
Sweden	O
,	O
which	O
had	O
already	O
purchased	O
the	O
Decca	O
DASR.1	O
radars	B-Application
for	O
civilian	O
air	B-Application
traffic	I-Application
control	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Type	O
80	O
,	O
and	O
any	O
radar	B-Application
working	O
in	O
the	O
S-band	B-Algorithm
,	O
was	O
subject	O
to	O
strong	O
returns	O
from	O
rain	O
or	O
even	O
very	O
heavy	O
clouds	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
mid-1950s	O
period	O
while	O
the	O
Type	O
80	O
's	O
were	O
being	O
installed	O
was	O
one	O
of	O
intense	O
research	O
and	O
development	O
in	O
the	O
radar	B-Application
field	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1958	O
,	O
the	O
AMES	B-Algorithm
Type	I-Algorithm
82	I-Algorithm
began	O
trials	O
at	O
RAF	O
North	O
Coates	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
radar	B-Application
was	O
shorter-ranged	O
than	O
the	O
Type	O
80	O
,	O
but	O
had	O
built-in	O
height	B-Algorithm
finding	I-Algorithm
,	O
more	O
accurate	O
tracking	O
,	O
and	O
had	O
an	O
electromechanical	O
computer	O
to	O
allow	O
it	O
to	O
easily	O
track	O
many	O
targets	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
originally	O
designed	O
for	O
the	O
British	O
Army	O
to	O
sort	O
and	O
filter	O
approaching	O
aircraft	O
and	O
then	O
hand	O
off	O
selected	O
targets	O
to	O
the	O
Yellow	O
River	O
radars	B-Application
that	O
aimed	O
the	O
anti-aircraft	O
artillery	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Normally	O
when	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
GCI-role	O
,	O
the	O
absolute	O
location	O
of	O
the	O
objects	O
is	O
not	O
important	O
,	O
only	O
the	O
relative	O
positions	O
of	O
the	O
target	O
and	O
interceptor	O
are	O
needed	O
if	O
a	O
given	O
radar	B-Application
rotates	O
everything	O
five	O
degrees	O
clockwise	O
on	O
the	O
display	O
,	O
it	O
does	O
not	O
make	O
a	O
difference	O
to	O
the	O
operator	O
as	O
both	O
the	O
interceptor	O
and	O
bomber	B-Application
are	O
rotated	O
by	O
the	O
same	O
amount	O
and	O
their	O
positions	O
relative	O
to	O
each	O
other	O
remain	O
the	O
same	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
the	O
SAM	O
role	O
,	O
where	O
the	O
location	O
of	O
the	O
missile	O
was	O
fixed	O
on	O
the	O
ground	O
,	O
the	O
sites	O
had	O
to	O
be	O
accurately	O
calibrated	O
to	O
the	O
local	O
terrain	O
so	O
angles	O
measured	O
off	O
the	O
radar	B-Application
display	O
could	O
be	O
sent	O
to	O
the	O
missile	O
sites	O
who	O
would	O
then	O
direct	O
their	O
radars	B-Application
in	O
that	O
direction	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Solving	O
this	O
problem	O
was	O
relatively	O
difficult	O
due	O
to	O
a	O
problem	O
in	O
linear	O
slotted	B-Algorithm
waveguides	I-Algorithm
like	O
the	O
one	O
used	O
to	O
send	O
the	O
signal	O
to	O
the	O
reflector	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
the	O
amount	O
of	O
squint	O
changes	O
with	O
frequency	O
,	O
changing	O
the	O
magnetron	B-Architecture
during	O
maintenance	O
caused	O
the	O
calibration	O
to	O
be	O
lost	O
once	O
again	O
as	O
each	O
magnetron	B-Architecture
has	O
a	O
slightly	O
different	O
natural	O
frequency	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
solution	O
to	O
this	O
problem	O
was	O
the	O
addition	O
of	O
a	O
small	O
telescope	O
to	O
the	O
head	O
frame	O
of	O
the	O
radar	B-Application
,	O
which	O
was	O
read	O
off	O
against	O
landscape	O
points	O
made	O
by	O
surveyors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
coordinate	O
the	O
motion	O
of	O
the	O
beam	O
on	O
the	O
radar	B-Application
display	O
with	O
the	O
antenna	O
,	O
a	O
selsyn	B-Algorithm
was	O
fixed	O
to	O
the	O
gantry	O
and	O
driven	O
by	O
the	O
rotation	O
of	O
the	O
radar	B-Application
head	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
found	O
that	O
the	O
selsyn	B-Algorithm
moved	O
in	O
its	O
mount	O
and	O
its	O
angle	O
reporting	O
changed	O
as	O
the	O
antenna	O
rotated	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
led	O
to	O
the	O
last	O
mechanical	O
modification	O
to	O
the	O
Type	O
80s	O
,	O
moving	O
the	O
selsyn	B-Algorithm
from	O
the	O
gantry	O
to	O
a	O
fixed	O
location	O
below	O
it	O
on	O
the	O
ground	O
where	O
it	O
was	O
rigidly	O
fixed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1959	O
,	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
existing	O
facilities	O
were	O
turned	O
over	O
to	O
the	O
joint	O
RAF/Royal	O
Navy	O
Military	O
Area	O
Radar	B-Application
Control	O
Service	O
(	O
MARCS	O
)	O
to	O
provide	O
high-altitude	O
long-range	O
air	B-Application
traffic	I-Application
control	I-Application
in	O
busy	O
areas	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
stations	O
were	O
known	O
as	O
Air	B-Application
Traffic	I-Application
Control	I-Application
Radar	B-Application
Units	O
(	O
ATCRU	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
organized	O
around	O
four	O
major	O
centres	O
,	O
Ulster	O
(	O
Killard	O
Point	O
)	O
,	O
Southern	O
(	O
Sopley	O
)	O
,	O
Mersey	O
(	O
Hack	O
Green	O
)	O
and	O
Border	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Very	O
shortly	O
after	O
moving	O
to	O
MARCS	O
,	O
these	O
radars	B-Application
began	O
to	O
host	O
civilian	O
operators	O
as	O
well	O
,	O
becoming	O
the	O
Joint	O
ATCRU	O
,	O
or	O
JARCRU	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Type	O
80	O
's	O
were	O
not	O
the	O
only	O
radars	B-Application
moved	O
to	O
the	O
ATC	O
role	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Through	O
this	O
period	O
the	O
Type	O
80s	O
and	O
ROTOR	B-Application
control	O
centres	O
remained	O
the	O
primarily	O
air-defence	O
network	O
in	O
the	O
UK	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
not	O
until	O
the	O
late	O
1960s	O
that	O
Linesman	O
's	O
AMES	O
Type	O
84	O
and	O
AMES	O
Type	O
85	O
radars	B-Application
began	O
to	O
replace	O
the	O
Type	O
80s	O
,	O
with	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
handover	O
being	O
declared	O
complete	O
in	O
1968	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
civilian	O
air	B-Application
traffic	I-Application
control	I-Application
services	O
paid	O
for	O
the	O
installation	O
of	O
a	O
digitizer	O
(	O
"	O
plot	O
and	O
code	O
extractor	O
"	O
)	O
to	O
feed	O
information	O
from	O
Bishops	O
Court	O
's	O
displays	O
into	O
the	O
overall	O
ATC	O
network	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Similar	O
fates	O
befell	O
the	O
Type	O
80	O
's	O
at	O
Saxa	B-Algorithm
Vord	I-Algorithm
in	O
the	O
Shetland	O
Islands	O
and	O
RAF	B-Algorithm
Buchan	I-Algorithm
north	O
of	O
Aberdeen	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Saxa	B-Algorithm
Vord	I-Algorithm
was	O
retained	O
purely	O
as	O
an	O
early	B-Algorithm
warning	I-Algorithm
source	O
;	O
even	O
if	O
they	O
were	O
jammed	O
to	O
deny	O
tracking	O
information	O
,	O
that	O
would	O
still	O
provide	O
a	O
clear	O
warning	O
of	O
an	O
approaching	O
raid	O
to	O
the	O
main	O
air-defence	O
network	O
far	O
to	O
the	O
south	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Saxa	B-Algorithm
Vord	I-Algorithm
was	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
long-term	O
Linesman	O
plans	O
,	O
but	O
ultimately	O
became	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
NADGE	O
network	O
,	O
and	O
financial	O
control	O
passed	O
to	O
NATO	O
while	O
still	O
manned	O
by	O
the	O
RAF	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
as	O
was	O
the	O
case	O
for	O
Killard	O
Point	O
,	O
by	O
the	O
1960s	O
Buchan	O
was	O
providing	O
valuable	O
air	B-Application
traffic	I-Application
information	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
October	O
1969	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
decided	O
to	O
keep	O
the	O
location	O
operational	O
,	O
proposing	O
to	O
replace	O
the	O
Type	O
80	O
with	O
an	O
AMES	O
Type	O
88/89	O
,	O
a	O
tactical	O
control	O
radar	B-Application
developed	O
for	O
the	O
English	O
Electric	O
Thunderbird	O
missiles	O
,	O
which	O
would	O
be	O
available	O
in	O
1971	O
as	O
the	O
UK	O
drew	O
down	O
its	O
presence	O
in	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
antenna	O
was	O
shaped	O
to	O
provide	O
a	O
cosecant-squared	B-Algorithm
pattern	I-Algorithm
,	O
which	O
broadcasts	O
less	O
energy	O
at	O
higher	O
angles	O
,	O
where	O
the	O
targets	O
are	O
closer	O
,	O
such	O
that	O
the	O
amount	O
of	O
energy	O
returned	O
from	O
near	O
or	O
far	O
targets	O
is	O
evened	O
out	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
signal	O
was	O
end-fed	O
into	O
a	O
slotted	B-Algorithm
waveguide	I-Algorithm
array	I-Algorithm
running	O
across	O
the	O
front	O
of	O
the	O
reflector	O
,	O
which	O
can	O
be	O
easily	O
seen	O
in	O
photographs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
Mark	O
III	O
models	O
,	O
an	O
identification	B-Device
friend	I-Device
or	I-Device
foe	I-Device
(	O
IFF	O
)	O
antenna	O
was	O
mounted	O
in	O
front	O
and	O
below	O
the	O
waveguide	O
,	O
about	O
the	O
main	O
waveguide	O
's	O
length	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
cavity	B-Architecture
magnetron	I-Architecture
providing	O
the	O
microwave	O
signal	O
was	O
pulsed	O
by	O
delivery	O
of	O
25kV	O
direct	O
current	O
pulses	O
from	O
a	O
modulator	O
fed	O
by	O
600V	O
12-phase	O
AC	O
power	O
and	O
then	O
converted	O
to	O
DC	O
using	O
an	O
enormous	O
mercury-arc	O
rectifier	O
known	O
as	O
the	O
"	O
Mekon	O
"	O
,	O
named	O
for	O
The	O
Mekon	O
,	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
arch-enemies	O
of	O
Dan	B-Application
Dare	I-Application
in	O
the	O
comic	O
series	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
significant	O
improvement	O
in	O
the	O
Type	O
80	O
compared	O
to	O
earlier	O
radars	B-Application
was	O
an	O
automatic	O
tuning	O
system	O
that	O
allowed	O
it	O
to	O
easily	O
adjust	O
to	O
changes	O
in	O
the	O
frequency	O
as	O
the	O
magnetron	B-Architecture
warmed	O
and	O
cooled	O
,	O
and	O
especially	O
when	O
it	O
was	O
serviced	O
or	O
replaced	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
logarithmic	O
helped	O
eliminate	O
returns	O
from	O
rain	O
,	O
clutter	O
and	O
anomalous	B-Algorithm
propagation	I-Algorithm
(	O
anaprop	B-Algorithm
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Each	O
of	O
the	O
Master	O
Radar	B-Application
Stations	I-Application
had	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
displays	O
and	O
consoles	O
similar	O
to	O
those	O
of	O
the	O
earlier	O
Type	O
7	O
installations	O
,	O
or	O
the	O
later	O
ROTOR	B-Application
Sector	O
Controls	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Primary	O
among	O
these	O
were	O
the	O
"	O
fighter	O
control	O
cabins	O
"	O
that	O
included	O
a	O
Console	O
Type	O
64	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
centred	O
on	O
a	O
cathode	B-Device
ray	I-Device
tube	I-Device
display	I-Device
,	O
which	O
was	O
a	O
large	O
format	O
for	O
the	O
era	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Each	O
station	O
was	O
given	O
control	O
of	O
a	O
single	O
interception	O
duty	O
,	O
talking	O
directly	O
to	O
the	O
pilot	O
to	O
fly	O
them	O
in	O
the	O
direction	O
of	O
the	O
target	O
until	O
the	O
fighter	O
's	O
own	O
radar	B-Application
picked	O
it	O
up	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
sent	O
a	O
signal	O
to	O
a	O
heights	O
operator	O
who	O
received	O
the	O
angle	O
and	O
range	O
,	O
and	O
then	O
slewed	O
one	O
of	O
their	O
radars	B-Application
,	O
typically	O
an	O
AN/FPS	O
-6	O
purchased	O
from	O
the	O
US	O
,	O
to	O
that	O
angle	O
and	O
began	O
searching	O
vertically	O
for	O
a	O
target	O
at	O
about	O
the	O
same	O
range	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
of	O
this	O
was	O
run	O
from	O
the	O
"	O
radar	B-Application
office	O
"	O
located	O
one	O
floor	O
below	O
the	O
operations	O
areas	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
room	O
contained	O
the	O
equipment	O
that	O
calculated	O
altitude	O
from	O
the	O
angle	O
,	O
passed	O
messages	O
between	O
the	O
various	O
offices	O
,	O
ran	O
the	O
identification	B-Device
friend	I-Device
or	I-Device
foe	I-Device
system	O
,	O
produced	O
map	O
imagery	O
that	O
could	O
be	O
displayed	O
on	O
the	O
consoles	O
,	O
and	O
also	O
in	O
some	O
cases	O
received	O
information	O
from	O
remote	O
radars	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
latter	O
task	O
became	O
more	O
common	O
when	O
the	O
ROTOR	B-Application
system	O
was	O
being	O
upgraded	O
to	O
Linesman	O
,	O
and	O
new	O
radars	B-Application
were	O
put	O
into	O
operation	O
from	O
the	O
same	O
R3	O
bunker	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
of	O
this	O
list	O
is	O
primarily	O
from	O
McCamley	O
(	O
table	O
,	O
p.91	O
)	O
and	O
Gough	O
(	O
diagram	O
,	O
p.144	O
)	O
,	O
both	O
of	O
which	O
concentrate	O
on	O
the	O
UK-based	O
sites	O
that	O
were	O
part	O
of	O
ROTOR	B-Application
or	O
the	O
1958	O
Plan	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
RCAF	O
Metz	O
,	O
France	O
1	O
Canadian	O
Air	O
Division	O
Mark	O
II	O
RAF	O
RAF	B-Algorithm
Saxa	I-Algorithm
Vord	I-Algorithm
Mk	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
RAF	O
Fort	O
Madalena	O
,	O
Malta	O
Mark	O
III	O
(	O
listed	O
roughly	O
geographically	O
)	O
RAF	O
RAF	B-Algorithm
Buchan	I-Algorithm
Master	O
Radar	B-Application
Station	I-Application
,	O
Sector	O
1	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
RAF	O
RAF	O
Boulmer	O
Master	O
Radar	B-Application
Station	I-Application
,	O
Sector	O
2	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
RAF	O
RAF	O
Holmpton/Patrington	O
Master	O
Radar	B-Application
Station	I-Application
,	O
Sector	O
3	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
RAF	O
RAF	O
Neatishead	O
Master	O
Radar	B-Application
Station	I-Application
,	O
Sector	O
4	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
RAF	O
RAF	O
Bawdsey	O
Master	O
Radar	B-Application
Station	I-Application
,	O
Sector	O
5	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
RAF	O
RAF	O
Wartling	O
Master	O
Radar	B-Application
Station	I-Application
,	O
Sector	O
6	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
RAF	O
RAF	O
Killard	O
Point	O
Master	O
Radar	B-Application
Station	I-Application
,	O
Sector	O
8	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
RAF	O
RAF	O
Faraid	O
Head	O
Master	O
Radar	B-Application
Station	I-Application
,	O
Sector	O
9	O
.	O
</s>
